Suchergebnisse

U Hrvatskoj već dulje vrijeme, a naročito u zadnjih godinu dana, traje javna i stručna rasprava o reorganizaciji sustava lokalne samouprave. Važna komponenta tog sustava je teritorijalna struktura. Identificiranje njezinih karakteristika daje potrebne osnove za prijedloge za promjenu sustava. Postojeći sustav obilježavaju prevelika slož enost teritorijalne organizacije, njezina nedovoljna stabilnost, neuravnoteženost, nedovoljna efikasnost lokalne samouprave, slabi razvojni potencijali te osiguranje centralističkog načina upravljanja zemljom. Da bi se mogle izvršiti potrebne pro- mjene, potrebno je da se relevantni akteri suglase o potrebi promjene modela upravljanja zemljom, kao i o novim, razvojnim svrhama lokalne samouprave. Također, trebali bi odustati od povijesno prevladanih modela i prihvatiti racionalnu organizaciju države. ; A public and professional debate about reorganisation of local self-government has been going on in Croatia for quite some time and with particular intensity during the past year. An important component of the local self-government system is the territorial structure. Identification of its characteristics gives the necessary basis to the suggestions for changes of the system. The current local self-government system is characterised by excessive complexity of the territorial organisation and its insufficient stability, imbalance, insufficient efficiency of local self-government, weak development potentials, and centralistic manner of governance at the national level. In order to conduct the necessary reforms, the relevant actors have to reach an agreement about the necessity of changing the governance model as well as about the new, developmental purposes of local self-government. Moreover, they should give up historically obsolete models and accept rational organisation of the country.

Mirne pobune protiv sirijskog predsjednika koje su započele 2011. s vremenom su prerasle u oružani sukob, a zatim i u građanski rat koji do dana današnjeg ne jenjava. Vrlo brzo je privukao i brojne regionalne, ali i međunarodne aktere. Iako se na početku činilo kako će sirijski predsjednik vrlo brzo morati napustiti svoju funkciju, to se nije dogodilo. Zahvaljujući ruskoj vojnoj intervenciji 2015. vratio je kontrolu nad većinom sirijskog teritorija te na taj način osigurao svoju daljnju vlast. Cilj ovoga rada jest prikazati rusku intervenciju u Sirijskom građanskom ratu kao dio nove ruske vanjske politike, odnosno novoga ruskog intervencionizma. Politika koja je započeta intervencijom u Gruziji, a zatim nastavljena u Ukrajini činom aneksije Krima, svoj nastavak dobiva upravo na teritoriju Sirije. Kako ćemo vidjeti kroz rad upravo se ova politika pokazala ključnom za vraćanje Rusiji statusa globalne sile. ; Peaceful uprisings against the Syrian president that began in 2011., over the time escalated into an armed conflict, and then into a civil war that has not abated to this day. It quickly attracted numerous regional and international actors. Although at first it seemed that the Syrian president would have to leave his funcion very soon, this did not happen. Thanks to Russian military intervention in 2015, he regained majority control over Syrian territory and thus secured his further rule. The aim of this paper was to present Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war as a part of a new Russian foreign policy, the policy of interventionism. The policy, which began with the intervention in Georgia, and then continued in Ukraine and the act of annexation of Crimea, gets its continuation on the territory of Syria. As we will see further, it is precisely this policy that has proved crucial for restoring Russia's global power status.

Predmet ovog diplomskog rada su obilježja vanjske trgovine Europske unije sa SAD-om. Rad se sastoji od šest međusobno povezanih dijelova, u kojima je osim uvodnih i zaključnih riječi objašnjena trgovinska politika Europske unije te SAD-a. Trgovinska politika Europske unije opisana je s nekoliko primjera potpisanih sporazuma između Europske unije i drugih država. Također je opisana i nova trgovinska strategija Europske komisije koja se primjenjuje u pregovorima o Transatlantskom partnerstvu za trgovinu i ulaganja (TTIP). Prikazana je trgovina izemđu EU-a i SAD-a, uvoz i izvoz proizvoda i usluga te kretanje međusobnih investicija. Pregovori o TTIP-u između Europske unije i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država traju od srpnja 2013. godine te je održano trinaest runda pregovora. Odvijaju se u tri područja: pristup tržištu, regulatorna usklađenost i pravila. Cilj pregovora je ukloniti prepreke u trgovini kako bi se olakšala kupovina i prodaja roba i usluga između EU-a i SAD-a. U pregovore su uključeni i predstavnici interesno-utjecajnih skupina koji dolaze iz područja akademske zajednice, sindikata, predstavnika privatnog sektora i nevladinih organizacija. ; The subjects of this diploma thesis are the characteristics of European foreign trade to the USA. The work consists of six mutually related parts, which, except introduction and conclusion, explain the trade policies of the European Union and the USA. The trade policies of the European Union are described with several examples of signed agreements between the European Union and other states. The new trade strategy of the European Commission, which is currently being applied in Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations, has also been described. On-going cooperation between the European Union and the United States of America has been represented and systematized. This includes import and export of products, services and investments between the European Union and the United States. The TTIP negotiations between the European Union and the United ...

Predmet ovog diplomskog rada su obilježja vanjske trgovine Europske unije sa SAD-om. Rad se sastoji od šest međusobno povezanih dijelova, u kojima je osim uvodnih i zaključnih riječi objašnjena trgovinska politika Europske unije te SAD-a. Trgovinska politika Europske unije opisana je s nekoliko primjera potpisanih sporazuma između Europske unije i drugih država. Također je opisana i nova trgovinska strategija Europske komisije koja se primjenjuje u pregovorima o Transatlantskom partnerstvu za trgovinu i ulaganja (TTIP). Prikazana je trgovina izemđu EU-a i SAD-a, uvoz i izvoz proizvoda i usluga te kretanje međusobnih investicija. Pregovori o TTIP-u između Europske unije i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država traju od srpnja 2013. godine te je održano trinaest runda pregovora. Odvijaju se u tri područja: pristup tržištu, regulatorna usklađenost i pravila. Cilj pregovora je ukloniti prepreke u trgovini kako bi se olakšala kupovina i prodaja roba i usluga između EU-a i SAD-a. U pregovore su uključeni i predstavnici interesno-utjecajnih skupina koji dolaze iz područja akademske zajednice, sindikata, predstavnika privatnog sektora i nevladinih organizacija. ; The subjects of this diploma thesis are the characteristics of European foreign trade to the USA. The work consists of six mutually related parts, which, except introduction and conclusion, explain the trade policies of the European Union and the USA. The trade policies of the European Union are described with several examples of signed agreements between the European Union and other states. The new trade strategy of the European Commission, which is currently being applied in Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations, has also been described. On-going cooperation between the European Union and the United States of America has been represented and systematized. This includes import and export of products, services and investments between the European Union and the United States. The TTIP negotiations between the European Union and the United States of America have started in July 2013, and so far there have been thirteen rounds of negotiations completed. The TTIP negotiations are being held in three parts: the market access, regulatory cooperation and rules. The aim of the negotiations is the removal of obstacles within trade in order to facilitate purchasing and selling of goods and services between the EU and the USA. Various representatives of interest and influence realms of academia, unions, the private sector and non-government organisations are all participating in the negotiations.

Polarizacijski procesi započeti u Hrvatskoj 1950-ih rezultirali su nejednakim društveno-ekonomskim razvojem i prostornim prerazmještajem stanovništva, te koncentracijom stanovništva, radnih mjesta i stanova u gradskim naseljima. Obalni gradovi kao polovi i nositelji društveno-gospodarskog razvoja u svojim regijama postaju žarišta koncentracije stanovništva, a otoci i zaleđe prostori populacijskoga pražnjenja i starenja. Intenzivno doseljavanje pozitivno se odrazilo na demografski razvitak većih obalnih gradova, pa oni postaju nositelji bioreprodukcije i sve do posljednjega međupopisnoga razdoblja (1991.-2001.) bilježe dinamičan populacijski rast. Političke i gospodarske promjene te posljedice rata produbile su i ubrzale ionako nepovoljne demografske procese, što se ogleda u ukupnoj depopulaciji te pogoršanju struktura stanovništva obalnih jadranskih gradova. Smanjenje rodnosti, starenje stanovništva te promjene životnih vrijednosti i novi životni stil dovode do transformacije obitelji i promjena u veličini kućanstava i odnosa među članovima. Opća je tendencija postupno smanjivanje broja višečlanih kućanstava i neprestani rast udjela dvočlanih i samačkih kućanstava. ; Polarisation processes, which began in Croatia in the 1950's, resulted in disparate socio-economic development, in an uneven spatial distribution of the population, and in a concentration of people, jobs and housing in urban settlements. Coastal cities, as hubs and agents of socio-economic development, in their regions became focal points for the concentration of the population, while islands and hinterland areas suffered depopulation and demographic ageing. Intense in-migration had a positive influence on the demographic development of coastal cities. They became hotbeds of bioreproduction and up to the most recent intercensus period (1991–2001) displayed dynamic population growth. However political and economic changes in this recent period, together with the effects of the war, deepened and accelerated increasingly unfavourable demographic processes, which were reflected in an overall reduction of the population of coastal Adriatic cities, as well as in a deterioration of its structure. Decreasing fertility, demographic ageing and changes in life values brought about a transformation of the family, and hence changes in the size of households and in the relations among family members. The general trend today involves a gradual reduction in the number of household members, and a continuous increase in the number of two and one-member households.

Valuation of real estate is an important factor in the economic and political development of a modern state. Modern real estate valuation systems at national level are based on spatial data, both cadastral and topographic, which are maintained using advanced technologies -spatial databases in particular. Through adequate modelling, by combining data from the existing databases, it is possible to create a national system for real estate valuation. This paper first gives an elaboration of possible characteristics of a digital terrain model database, and continues to describe an approach to automatic calculation of 3D characteristics, i.e. the slope and the azimuth of a cadastral parcel. The system response time to queries for a single cadastral parcel was measured, as well as for a set of 5100 cadastral parcels, in an implementation based on the Oracle10g spatial database. ; Vrednovanje nekretnina je važan čimbenik u gospodarskom i političkom razvoju moderne države. Moderni sustavi za vrednovanje nekretnina na nacionalnoj razini svugdje su temeljeni na prostornim podacima, kako katastarskog tako i topografskog podrijetla, koji su održavani korištenjem naprednih tehnologija ponajprije prostornih baza podataka. Uz pravilno modeliranje moguće je kombiniranjem podataka iz raspoloživih baza stvoriti i nacionalni sustav za vrednovanje nekretnina. U članku je, nakon obrazloženja mogućih postavki baze digitalnog modela reljefa, opisan pristup automatskom računanju 3D obilježja odnosno nagiba i azimuta pojedine katastarske čestice. Obavljena su i okvirna mjerenja vremena odaziva na upit za jednu katastarsku česticu i za skup od 5100 katastarskih čestica u sustavu ostvarenom na prostornoj bazi podataka Oracle10g.

Ruski inozemni turizam poznat je na svjetskom turističkom tržištu. Izvoz turističkih usluga u Rusiju zabranjen je sankcijama za ekonomije mnogih zemalja. U današnje vrijeme prisutne su nove tendencije koje bi trebale radikalno promijeniti strukturu ruskog domaćeg turizma i utjecati na inozemni turizam. Za to postoje vanjski i unutarnji tržišni i politički razlozi. U Rusiji država potiče razvoj domaćeg turizma različitim programima i strategijom njegova razvoja. Poduzetničke aktivnosti, konkurencija, investicija u turizam i turistička infrastruktura također su u porastu. U današnjoj Rusiji vidljiva je promjena od "inozemnog turizma" prema "domaćem turizmu". Ovo posljednje donosi dodatne prihode ruskim regijama. Sadašnja ekonomska i politička situacija doprinosi tom procesu. Pad prihoda uzrokovan ekonomskom krizom prisiljava Ruse da manje putuju u inozemstvo, a raste broj putnika u domaće jeftinije destinacije. Suočena s ekonomskim sankcijama ruska državna tijela traže unutrašnje investicije i mogućnosti smanjenja troškova uvoza. Počeli su više pažnje posvećivati domaćem turizmu. Pod sloganom "supstitucija uvoza" i "protusankcije" neke restrikcije koje utječu na međunarodni turizam, preferencije prema domaćem turizmu i stimulacija potražnje elaborirane su u ovom radu. Također i restrikcije inozemnog turizma kao i zabrana stranim kompanijama da djeluju na ruskom turističkom tržištu postali su politički faktor. Pad ruskog inozemnog turizma jača konkurenciju među svojim destinacijama, a povezano je i s Republikom Hrvatskom. Broj ruskih turista u Hrvatskoj pada iz godine u godinu. S jedne strane to može imati negativan utjecaj na hrvatsko turističko tržište, a s druge strane može otvoriti nove mogućnosti za pronalaženje načina da se privuče više posjetitelja iz Hrvatske. Smatramo da to može biti u interesu Hrvatske. ; Russian outbound tourism is well noticed in the World Tourist Market. Exporting tourist services to Russia has been the boon for the economies of many countries. Nowadays new tendencies are being revealed which should radically change the structure of Russian national tourism and influence the International tourism. There are outer and inner, market and political reasons for that. In Russia the government supports the inner and inbound tourism by means of programs and the strategy of its development. Entrepreneurial activities, competition, investment in tourism and tourist infrastructure are growing as well. In nowadays Russia the shift from "The industry of outbound tourism" to "The industry of national tourism" is well seen. The latter brings additional revenues to Russian regions. Current economic and political situation is contributing to this process. The economic-crisis-related decline in incomes pushes Russians to travel abroad less and instead increases the number of travelers within the country to cheaper destinations. Facing economic sanctions Russian authorities search for inner investment and the possibilities to reduce the cost of import. They started paying more attention to inner tourism. Under the slogans of "import-substitution" and "counter-sanctions" some restrictions on outbound tourism, preferences for the national tourism industry, and stimulation of consumers' demand were elaborated in this paper. Also the outbound tourism restrictions, prohibition for some foreign companies to act on Russian tourist market became a political factor. The decline of Russian outbound tourism strengthens the competition among its destinations. It is related to Republic of Croatia. The number of Russian visitors to Croatia declines from year to year. On the one hand it may have negative influence on Croatian tourist market, on the other – it opens new possibilities to find ways to attract more visitors from Russia. We suppose that it may be in the interest of Croatia.

Autor u članku analizira Europski kvalifi kacijski okvir kao važan komunikacijski i regulatorni instrument usklađivanja obrazovnih politika, te odnos hrvatske obrazovne politike prema ovoj inicijativi. Autor ovaj proces smješta unutar Lisabonske strategije s posebnim naglaskom na policy prostor, proces i glavne aktere. Pri tome polazi od različitih određenja europeizacije i važnosti policy mreža. Uvođenje Europskog kvalifi kacijskog okvira analizira kao dio procesa europeizacije nacionalne obrazovne politike. Na kraju daje prikaz osnovnih obilježja kvalifi kacijskog okvira i osnovna obilježja hrvatske obrazovne politike koja se očituju tijekom provedbe ove inicijative. ; In the article, the author analyses the European Qualifi cation Framework as an important communication and regulatory instrument of harmonising education policies, and the relation of Croatian education policy to this initiative. He places this process within the Lisbon Strategy with a special emphasis on the policy area, process and main actors. In doing so, the author proceeds from diff erent defi nitions of Europeanisation and the importance of policy networks. The introduction of the European Qualifi cation Framework is analysed as part of the Europeanisation process of national education policy. Finally, he outlines some fundamental characteristics of the Qualifi cation Framework and the basic features of Croatian education policy manifested during the implementation of this initiative.

After the collapse of the bipolar international order, NATO has been focused on its desire to eradicate Cold War divisions and to build good relations with Russia. However, the security environment, especially in Europe, is still dramatically changing. The NATO Warsaw Summit was focused especially on NATO's deteriorated relations with Russia that affect Europe's security. At the same time, it looked at bolstering deterrence and defence due to many concerns coming from eastern European allies about Russia's new attitude in international relations. The Allies agreed that a dialogue with Russia rebuilding mutual trust needs to start. In the times when Europe faces major crisis from its southern and south-eastern neighbourhood - Western Balkan countries, Syria, Libya and Iraq - and other threats, such as terrorism, coming from the so-called Islamic State, causing migration crises, it is necessary to calm down relations with Russia. The article brings out the main purpose of NATO in a transformed world, with the accent on Europe, that is constantly developing new security conditions while tackling new challenges and threats. ; After the collapse of the bipolar international order, NATO has been focused on its desire to eradicate Cold War divisions and to build good relations with Russia. However, the security environment, especially in Europe, is still dramatically changing. The NATO Warsaw Summit was focused especially on NATO's deteriorated relations with Russia that affect Europe's security. At the same time, it looked at bolstering deterrence and defence due to many concerns coming from eastern European allies about Russia's new attitude in international relations. The Allies agreed that a dialogue with Russia rebuilding mutual trust needs to start. In the times when Europe faces major crisis from its southern and south-eastern neighbourhood - Western Balkan countries, Syria, Libya and Iraq - and other threats, such as terrorism, coming from the so-called Islamic State, causing migration crises, it is necessary to calm down relations with Russia. The article brings out the main purpose of NATO in a transformed world, with the accent on Europe, that is constantly developing new security conditions while tackling new challenges and threats.

Prema preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, agencije za lijekove osnovane su u većini država svijeta, a na tlu EU-a postoji i krovna Europska agencija za lijekove (engl. European Medicines Agency – EMA). Agencije usko surađuju s nositeljima odobrenja za stavljanje lijekova u promet u sklopu farmakovigilancijskog sustava. Obje institucije prate sigurnosni profil lijekova tijekom kliničkih ispitivanja i postmarketinške faze te izmjenjuju podatke o važnim pojedinačnim prijavama sumnje na nuspojave, ali i periodičke sinteze svih podataka prikupljenih u određenom razdoblju. Nositelj odobrenja dužan je pisati i predavati periodička izvješća o neškodljivosti lijeka (engl. Periodic Safety Update Report – PSUR), što se u EU-u zbiva prema zadanom rasporedu pa su EMA-i dostupne sve najnovije prikupljene sigurnosne informacije o pojedinom lijeku. Nacionalne agencije i EMA, koje predstavlja Povjerenstvo za ocjenu rizika na području farmakovigilancije (engl. Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee – PRAC), zajednički raspravljaju o signalima i sigurnosnim pitanjima vezanim uz omjer koristi i rizika od primjene lijeka, što katkad uključuje i arbitražne postupke (referrals) koji služe usuglašavanju o nužnim mjerama koje će biti poduzete u svim zemljama članicama jednako (npr. promjena informacija o lijeku). Nacionalne agencije putem svojih web-portala pružaju zdravstvenim djelatnicima odobrene i aktualne informacije o lijekovima kao što su Sažeci opisa svojstava lijeka, Upute o lijeku i mjere minimizacije rizika (npr., pisma zdravstvenim radnicima). Inspekcije na području farmakovigilancije koje provode agencije nad nositeljima odobrenja pregledavaju prostore, dokumentaciju, arhivu, Glavni spis o farmakovigilancijskom sustavu (engl. Pharmacovigilance System Master File – PSMF) i ispunjavanje obveza osoba odgovornih za farmakovigilanciju. ; Following regulatory recommendations from the World Health Organisation, all governments are responsible for the establishment of national medicines regulatory authorities (agencies). In the European Union (EU), national agencies closely collaborate with the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Agencies continue to cooperate with Marketing Authorisation Holders (MAHs) during the clinical research and postmarketing phase of a drug's life cycle. Information gathered from reported adverse drug reactions are interchanged between them. Periodic safety update reports (PSURs) in the EU are written and submitted by all MAHs according to a timetable brought by EMA. PSUR assessment is therefore comprehensive since it is done on up-to-date safety data collected for the particular drug. European national agencies and EMA, represented by Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC), discuss various drug safety signals and issues in a procedure known as referral in order to make recommendations for a harmonised position across the EU (e.g. change of the product information). Web portals are tools widely used by the national agencies for communication with healthcare professionals. Up-to-date safety information and approved Summaries of Product's Characteristics (SPCs), Patient's Information Leaflets (PILs), and risk minimisation measures (such as Dear Healthcare Professional Communication, DHPC) are published there. Pharmacovigilance inspections are mostly focused on fulfilment of the requirements of premises, documentation, archives, Pharmacovigilance System Master File (PSMF) and compliance of the Qualified Person for Pharmacovigilance (QPPV).