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Inhalt: Behandelt die Situation Frankreichs nach den Niederlagen zu Lande und zu Wasser im August 1704. - Literarily important, well beyond its function as a political satire; the first 2 pages, in verse, are remarkable for the transitions from & to regular rhymed & unrymed verse & rhythmic prose; the 6th & 7th pages in rhymed Latin verse of Goliardic character ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Res/4 Eur. 389,44

Si esamina la presenza di tracce di paganesimo in quattro autori cristiani del VI secolo, Ennodio, Boezio, Massimiano, Aratore: più interni all'ambiente ecclesiastico il primo e l'ultimo (quest'ultimo almeno da quando le vicende politiche gli consigliarono di ritirarsi in buon ordine), più 'laici' gli altri due. Per fortuna molto di quanto di buono era stato prodotto dal mondo antico riuscì a salvarsi grazie alle elaborazioni che accompagnarono quattro secoli di dispute e scontri, anche violenti, e fu proprio il cristianesimo a farsi carico di questa sopravvivenza. ; This paper examines the presence of traces of paganism in four Christian writers of the sixth century: Ennodius, Boethius, Maximian, Arator. Ennodius and Arator were more involved in ecclesiastical matters and life (the latter joined the Church when political events and political life became too dangerous for him), while Boethius and Maximian were more 'secular'. Luckily much of what the ancient world produced has survived thanks to the many disputes and controversies (some of them quite violent) on that world, and it was indeed Christianity itself which took charge of this precious survival.

Oeuvres completes de J.J. Rousseau… (Bazylea, 1793) - tom pierwszy zbioru dzieł Jeana-Jacques'a Rousseau (1712-1778) - jednego z najbardziej wpływowych myślicieli czasów nowożytnych, filozofa, pedagoga, kompozytora i pisarza, którego wiele utworów znalazło się w indeksie ksiąg zakazanych (łac. index librorum prohibitorum). Tom rozpoczyna Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes (Rozprawa o pochodzeniu i podstawach nierówności między ludźmi), w której Rousseau stara się zrekonstruować, w możliwie rzetelny, naukowy sposób, prawdę o początku historii człowieka na podstawie diagnozy natury człowieka. Przedstawia hipotetyczny obraz stanu natury, w którym ludzie żyli w samotności i spokoju, wolni, szczęśliwi i spontanicznie dobrzy. Porzucenie stanu natury zapoczątkowało według Rousseau niezamierzony i wewnętrznie sprzeczny proces socjalizacji, a zarazem indywidualizacji człowieka. Wzrastające społeczne zróżnicowania, powstające wskutek podziału pracy, zrodziły potrzebę konkurencji i wzajemną wrogość obywateli. Uległa zniszczeniu idealna jednorodność społeczeństwa, a wraz z nią utraciła wartość cnota jako podstawowa cecha obywatela i gwarant społeczeństwa. Ceną płaconą za postęp cywilizacyjny były: zło moralne, utrata wolności oraz nierówność społeczna. Rousseau kwestionował wartość moralną postępu cywilizacyjnego, a za źródło zła moralnego uważał zwłaszcza własność. W dalszej kolejności publikacja zawiera Lettre de J.J. Rousseau, a Monsieur Philopolis - dokument stanowiący odpowiedź na opublikowany w Mercure de France (kilka tygodni po publikacji Rozprawy o pochodzeniu i podstawach nierówności…),artykuł genewskiego uczonego Charlesa Bonneta (1720-1793), który pod pseudonimem Philopolis, zakwestionował i zaatakował koncepcję doskonałości Rousseau. Tom zamyka Discours sur l'Économie politique (Rozprawa o ekonomii politycznej) - artykuł opublikowany w 1755 roku w piątym tomie Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers Diderota, w którym Rousseau zamieścił idee, którym pozostał wierny przez całe życie. Kluczową z nich była myśl, że źródłem wszelkiej prawowitej władzy politycznej jest wyłącznie wola ludu.

The interpretation of 900 of Cicero's statements from the point of view of mental history, presented by Jürgen Blänsdorf, shows that the city slaves and freedmen of the late Roman republic - recently also slaves - were respected and as specialists and personalities. They were accountants with direct access to the abilities of their masters, librarians and doctors, and were involved in the political events as messengers and secretaries, and they also represented their masters in financial and legal transactions

The Tractatus de origine et natura, iure et mutationibus monetarum of Nicholas Oresme, written in Latin in 1355-1356 and later translated in French by the author himself, might be seen as one of the most important works to read in perspective the late-medieval thought on the nature of money and the role of the sovereign and the political body of the community. This work, here offered in a newly revised Italian edition, built on some manuscripts preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France , appears from the onset as having a particularly marked political vocation, as it is addressed to the king of France Charles the Fifth, of whom Oresme was an advisor. The Norman magister has often been portrayed as a fervent supporter of a metallist view of the nature of money, as if its value were nothing more than the market value of the gold or silver it was made of, a perspective that might be characterised as one of private-law. However, a thorough reading of Oresme's monetary writings, that takes good stock of their historical contextualisation in the troubled monetary anarchy of the 1350s and of the interpretative links pointing to Aristotle's Politics and Ethics – known, translated and glossed by Oresme –, reveals a more complex analysis, that cannot be confined to the all-out defence of the intrinsic metallic stability of money. Rather, the proposed interpretation will qualify Oresme as a political advisor that perceives and appreciates the nature of money as a social institution, whose value and role is determined by those, the whole body of the political community, that are sovereign over money and resort to it in negotiations. In this political dimension of the government of the monetary institution emerges the structural role that Oresme attributes to the faith that must rest with those tasked with governing money: thus, the accent posed on the importance of preserving its value assumes a procedural dimension that aims at granting that the institution of money continues to fulfil its social metric role. ; Il Tractatus sulla moneta del filosofo e teologo Nicola Oresme, redatto in latino nel 1355-1356 e poi tradotto in francese dallo stesso autore, costituisce uno dei testi cardine della riflessione medievale sullo statuto della moneta e su chi ne sia sovrano. Quest'opera - di cui si propone una nuova e riveduta edizione italiana, impostata a partire da alcuni manoscritti conservati presso la Bibliothèque Nationale de France - testimonia sin dal suo avvio la sua forte valenza politica, avendo come primo interlocutore Carlo V il Saggio, il re di Francia di cui Oresme fu consigliere. Il magister normanno è stato spesso salutato quale fautore di una visione metallista della moneta, una merce tra le altre che vale tanto quanto l'oro o l'argento di cui è fatta, inserita in un'ottica schiettamente privatistica. Tuttavia, una lettura più attenta degli scritti monetari oresmiani, che metta in prospettiva sia il periodo storico in cui il testo fu redatto, caratterizzato da una diffusa anarchia monetaria, sia le relazioni che il Trattato stesso suggerisce rispetto ai passaggi aristotelici conosciuti e poi commentati dallo stesso Oresme, rivela un pensiero più complesso e più profondo. La cifra sintetica della sua riflessione monetaria non è infatti riducibile a una difesa ad oltranza dell'intrinseco metallico, ma si qualifica per lo spessore politico e teorico espresso dal consigliere regale che vede e apprezza della moneta il suo significato istituzionale. Il suo valore è stabilito da chi di quella moneta può dirsi sovrano e, al tempo stesso, fruitore: la comunità politica tutta. La dimensione eminentemente politica dell'istituzione-moneta emerge proprio da una rilettura complessiva del trattato. In esso il ruolo della fiducia nell'amministratore della divisa assume un'importanza strutturale incidendo sul valore della moneta e sulla necessità che esso venga tutelato e garantito attraverso precise garanzie procedurali sicché la moneta possa mantenere il suo fondamentale ruolo sociale: quello di misura.

The database Cretan Institutional Inscriptions was created as part of the PhD research project in Ancient Heritage Studies Kretikai Politeiai: Cretan Institutions from VII to I century BC, carried out at the University of Venice Ca' Foscari by Irene Vagionakis from 2016 to 2019, under the supervision of Claudia Antonetti and Gabriel Bodard. The research project aimed at collecting the epigraphic sources related to the institutional elements of the many political entities of Crete, with a view to highlighting the specificity of each context in the period between the rise of the poleis and the Roman conquest of the island. The main component of the database consists of the epigraphic collection of the 600 inscriptions constituting the core of the documentary base of the study, for each of which an XML edition compliant with the TEI EpiDoc international standard was created. Each EpiDoc edition includes a descriptive and a bibliographic lemma, the text of the inscription, a selective apparatus criticus and a commentary focused on the institutional data offered by the document. In addition to the epigraphic collection, the database includes a collection of the main related literary sources, a catalogue of the attested Cretan institutions (assemblies, boards, officials, associations, civic subdivisions, social statuses, age classes, months, festivities and other celebrations, institutional practices, institutional instruments, public spaces) and a catalogue of the political entities of Crete (poleis, koina, dependent communities, extra-urban sanctuaries, hegemonic alliances). Data and SW available at https://github.com/IreneVagionakis/CretanInscriptions

In the Main City of Gdańsk, a certificate of the city council's control over the legal guardians of children who lost one or both parents, are two books of minors from 1441-1460 and 1451-1460. The supervision of the registers of this type was exercised by the masons. These entries included entries regarding the property of minors entrusted by their guardians to the municipal council for safekeeping. These books also show the further fate of funds belonging to minors and financial operations carried out by their guardians (eg investments in the pension market). They are also an interesting source for research on Gdansk's financial policy in the times of political change, such as the Thirteen Years' War

This book contains the mature fruit of Hugo Grotius' political thought on church and state. It was finished in 1617, but Grotius' arrest prevented publication. For the first time Grotius' own Latin text is printed here, from two manuscripts. It is demonstrated that the claims made by the publisher of the first edition (1647), the source of all subsequent editions, are false. The first critical edition is provided with an extensive introduction, an English translation, a commentary, and elaborate indices. In an appendix texts concerning its context and genesis are printed. An earlier draft of De imperio was recently discovered. All material from this unpublished work has been integrated here. This fundamental, theoretical text, written for an international public, anticipates many views from later Grotian work. The print edition is available as a set of two volumes (9789004120273)

This book contains the mature fruit of Hugo Grotius' political thought on church and state. It was finished in 1617, but Grotius' arrest prevented publication. For the first time Grotius' own Latin text is printed here, from two manuscripts. It is demonstrated that the claims made by the publisher of the first edition (1647), the source of all subsequent editions, are false. The first critical edition is provided with an extensive introduction, an English translation, a commentary, and elaborate indices. In an appendix texts concerning its context and genesis are printed. An earlier draft of De imperio was recently discovered. All material from this unpublished work has been integrated here. This fundamental, theoretical text, written for an international public, anticipates many views from later Grotian work. The print edition is available as a set of two volumes (9789004120273)

Unearthed in 1528 at Lyon, the Tabula Lugdunensis preserves the longest speech of a Roman emperor to survive in epigraphic form. In AD 48 Claudius addressed the senate to press a petition by elites of north-western Gaul to hold senatorial rank and office. In support he demonstrated Rome's history of constitutional innovation, particularly in integrating outsiders, and asserted a commitment to recruiting worthy provincial senators such as he claims the Gauls to be. The speech offers important evidence for the history and rhetoric of Roman political integration, unparalleled Etruscan testimony about Regal Rome, and insight into the Latin language and oratory of the early Principate. Uniquely, the Tabula can be set beside Tacitus' version of Claudius' speech in Annals 11 to provide a case-study of ancient historiographical practice. This edition contains a newly-edited text of the Tabula, an English translation, and a comprehensive introduction and commentary

Il monastero femminile di San Zaccaria di Venezia, fondato nel IX secolo, adotta intorno alla metà del XII secolo le consuetudini di Cluny. Questo contributo vuole dimostrare che la decisione, riconfermata più volte nel corso del tempo, contribuisce al rilancio del cenobio dopo un periodo di difficoltà, e anche se non comporta il formale collegamento del cenobio alla congregazione borgognona, lo proietta per la prima volta in una dimensione sovralocale. Tale proiezione è ben visibile circa cinquant'anni più tardi, quando le monache si presentano a Verona e trattano con il podestà e le autorità veronesi una questione patrimoniale che ha importantissime implicazioni di natura politico-territoriale per entrambe le città. ; The female monastery of San Zaccaria in Venice, founded during the 9th century, adopted the customs of Cluny around the mid-12th century. This paper aims to demonstrate that such a move, confirmed over and again, contributed to the revival of the monastery after a period of serious difficulty and, even if it did not imply the creation of a formal connection with the Burgundian congregation, the adoption of such customs projected San Zaccaria, for the first time, onto a supra-local dimension. This became clear some fifty years later, when the nuns went to Verona to discuss with the podestà, and all of the major city authorities, a patrimonial issue that proved to have relevant political and territorial implications for both cities.

Timeless wisdom on controlling anger in personal life and politics from the Roman Stoic philosopher and statesman SenecaIn his essay "On Anger" (De Ira), the Roman Stoic thinker Seneca (c. 4 BC–65 AD) argues that anger is the most destructive passion: "No plague has cost the human race more dear." This was proved by his own life, which he barely preserved under one wrathful emperor, Caligula, and lost under a second, Nero. This splendid new translation of essential selections from "On Anger," presented with an enlightening introduction and the original Latin on facing pages, offers readers a timeless guide to avoiding and managing anger. It vividly illustrates why the emotion is so dangerous and why controlling it would bring vast benefits to individuals and society.Drawing on his great arsenal of rhetoric, including historical examples (especially from Caligula's horrific reign), anecdotes, quips, and soaring flights of eloquence, Seneca builds his case against anger with mounting intensity. Like a fire-and-brimstone preacher, he paints a grim picture of the moral perils to which anger exposes us, tracing nearly all the world's evils to this one toxic source. But he then uplifts us with a beatific vision of the alternate path, a path of forgiveness and compassion that resonates with Christian and Buddhist ethics.Seneca's thoughts on anger have never been more relevant than today, when uncivil discourse has increasingly infected public debate. Whether seeking personal growth or political renewal, readers will find, in Seneca's wisdom, a valuable antidote to the ills of an angry age