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The article is about the pandemic that has swept the whole world today. Life in a pandemic will become a new norm for everyone, consulates, and embassies, international organizations are no exception. It also leads to a rethinking of diplomacy and it in the work of international relations, in their dangerous activities, international support and international mutual assistance. In international practice, the use of digitalization, social platforms, video conferencing, which is already becoming an alternative way of conducting international activity, is becoming increasingly important. Diplomacy will move to a digital format and this is now gaining more effective importance in the work of embassies. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the work of diplomacy and international relations during the COVID-19 pandemic, their difficulties during this period, the consequences and joining of efforts, the exchange of best practices in the face of new challenges to society. The methodological and methodological approaches to studying the problems of diplomacy and international relations during a pandemic, their role and ways of countering the spread of COVID-19, effective intergovernmental interaction are disclosed. The fight against the pandemic is still ongoing in Ukraine, all embassies and consulates, international organizations play the most important role, which forces us to adapt to new realities and shows how difficult, but extremely necessary, the work of diplomats is now.

The protection of intellectual property was crucial for stimulating innovation even before the word coronavirus became widespread. Without the protection of the ideas of the enterprise and the individual, scientists and inventors would not be able to take full advantage of their inventions and would focus less on research and development. Likewise, if artists do not receive full remuneration for their artwork, cultural viability suffers as a result. Several studies have shown that most US small businesses are unaware that their US patent or trademark does not protect them in other countries. If such a company is a real or potential exporter, it may find that foreign manufacturers have copied products, packaging, and business plans, even though the company has never done business abroad. Foreign forgers can easily steal product images, brochures and logos from a website and register these materials as their own inventions in their home country if the company has not registered them in the inventor's home country. For this reason, various national governments have begun to take practical steps to monitor intellectual property policies. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the problems in the political dimension of the industry.

This article considers a new direction of public diplomacy - digital diplomacy, the main tool of which is social networks. Digital diplomacy in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is gaining momentum and use. This topic is very relevant and important today. The expansion of digital technologies for diplomatic relations is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of digital diplomacy are considered and evaluated. World time zones and distances have disappeared - information has become available anywhere in the world, but most importantly, it has become decentralized - it is difficult to identify one or two major information providers: each information resource can find an analogue or opponent. The aim of this article is to identify the possibilities of digital diplomacy and its impact on international relations. In this article, the authors consider and try to find out the place of digital diplomacy in public diplomacy, and what role it plays in the political life of diplomats. The authors point to the fact that it is impossible to imagine the life of modern society without social networks, exchange of various information and discussion of urgent issues. For a modern person, using of social networks is quite common, and for diplomats - it's not so much a form of communication with thousands of strangers, as an understanding of what is happening in their country of residence, how citizens and the digital space reacts on decisions and actions of their foreign ministry. Digital space can be used as an influence on public opinion, creating a positive image of your country abroad. The authors came to certain conclusions, even after overcoming the pandemic, all forms of digital diplomacy can become an additional effective area of communication both in relations between states and politicians in the international arena and within the diplomatic system. The authors argue that the rapid development and widespread use of information technology allows diplomatic missions to adapt to the trends of the new era of international relations. ; У цій статті розглядається новий напрямок публічної дипломатії –цифрова дипломатія, основним інструментом якої є соціальні мережі. Цифрова дипломатія в епоху пандемії COVID-19 набуває стрімкого розвитку та використання. Ця тема на сьогодні дуже актуальна та вагома. Досліджуються питання розширення цифрових технологій для дипломатичних зв'язків, розглядається та дається оцінка перевагам та недолікам цифрової дипломатії. Світові часові зони та відстані зникли – інформація стала доступною у будь-якій точці світу, але головне, вона стала децентралізованою – важко виділити одного-двох головних постачальників інформації: кожному інформаційному ресурсу можна знайти аналог чи опонента. Метою статті є визначення можливостей цифрової дипломатії та її вплив на міжнародні відносини. У статті автори розглянули та спробували з'ясувати місце цифрової дипломатії у публічній дипломатії, і яку роль вона відіграє у політичному житті дипломатів. Автори вказують на той факт, що неможливо уявити життя сучасного суспільства без соціальних мереж, обміну різноманітною інформацією та обговоренням нагальних питань. Для сучасної людини користування соціальною мережею досить звичне явище, а для дипломатів – це навіть не так форма спілкування з тисячами незнайомих людей, скільки розуміння того, що відбувається в країні їх перебування, як на рішення та дії їх зовнішньополітичного відомства реагують громадяни та цифровий простір, який можна використовувати як вплив на громадську думку, створення позитивного іміджу своєї країни за кордоном. Автори дійшли певних висновків, навіть після подолання пандемії усі форми цифрової дипломатії, можуть стати додатковим ефективним напрямом спілкування як у відносинах між державами та політиками на міжнародній арені так і в середині системи дипломатичних відносин. Автори доводять, що стрімкий розвиток та широке застосування інформаційних технологій дає змогу дипломатичним представництвам пристосуватися до тенденцій нової ери міжнародних відносин. ; У цій статті розглядається новий напрямок публічної дипломатії –цифрова дипломатія, основним інструментом якої є соціальні мережі. Цифрова дипломатія в епоху пандемії COVID-19 набуває стрімкого розвитку та використання. Ця тема на сьогодні дуже актуальна та вагома. Досліджуються питання розширення цифрових технологій для дипломатичних зв'язків, розглядається та дається оцінка перевагам та недолікам цифрової дипломатії. Світові часові зони та відстані зникли – інформація стала доступною у будь-якій точці світу, але головне, вона стала децентралізованою – важко виділити одного-двох головних постачальників інформації: кожному інформаційному ресурсу можна знайти аналог чи опонента. Метою статті є визначення можливостей цифрової дипломатії та її вплив на міжнародні відносини. У статті автори розглянули та спробували з'ясувати місце цифрової дипломатії у публічній дипломатії, і яку роль вона відіграє у політичному житті дипломатів. Автори вказують на той факт, що неможливо уявити життя сучасного суспільства без соціальних мереж, обміну різноманітною інформацією та обговоренням нагальних питань. Для сучасної людини користування соціальною мережею досить звичне явище, а для дипломатів – це навіть не так форма спілкування з тисячами незнайомих людей, скільки розуміння того, що відбувається в країні їх перебування, як на рішення та дії їх зовнішньополітичного відомства реагують громадяни та цифровий простір, який можна використовувати як вплив на громадську думку, створення позитивного іміджу своєї країни за кордоном. Автори дійшли певних висновків, навіть після подолання пандемії усі форми цифрової дипломатії, можуть стати додатковим ефективним напрямом спілкування як у відносинах між державами та політиками на міжнародній арені так і в середині системи дипломатичних відносин. Автори доводять, що стрімкий розвиток та широке застосування інформаційних технологій дає змогу дипломатичним представництвам пристосуватися до тенденцій нової ери міжнародних відносин.

The article deals with the peculiarities and importance of diplomacy in the mechanism of international territorial disputes settlement by analyzing the results of scientific research and the legal framework. Diplomatic means of resolving international territorial disputes have been found to include so-called "reconciliation facilities", including negotiations, consultations, investigative and conciliation commissions, mediation, good services, etc. It has been established that diplomatic means are determined by the fact that the parties to the dispute independently "control" the dispute and may accept or reject the proposed mechanism of dispute settlement. It has been found that negotiation is the simplest, most convenient and acceptable means for the parties to an international dispute. They represent the process of finding disputes by the parties themselves by establishing direct contact and reaching an agreement between them. It has been established that consultations are a type of negotiation. They are used to continue the established contacts. Consultations are sought when negotiations need to be resumed in the light of emerging circumstances. It has been found that another type of regulation of international territorial disputes is the institution of peaceful settlement through the use of good services, which are a set of international legal norms that regulate the activities of third countries or international organizations for the purpose of their own initiative or at the request of are in conflict and aimed at establishing or renewing direct negotiations. It has been found that situations sometimes arise when the essence of the conflict is reduced to a different understanding of the factual circumstances that gave rise to the dispute. In such a case, the conclusion of investigative and conciliation commissions may be accelerated. "Virtual" diplomacy has been singled out as a kind of diplomatic way of resolving international territorial disputes, which is of ancillary character. It is emphasized that ...

The article examines the state of the political views of the USSR population in the transition of the totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in 1950–1960's. The research attention is drawn to trends in the formation of political attitudes regarding the aggravation of the international situation and prospects for the beginning of a new world war. The possibility of the hostilities outbreak in 1950–1960's has been widely discussed by almost all strata of the Soviet society. This contributed to the reports in the Soviet media. Ideas about the methods of warfare with a very weak understanding of the nuclear war nature and the development of the nuclear weapons strategic carriers focused the people on the view about the future war as a battle primarily of land armies. In the early 1950's, the discussion of international relations in the Ukrainian society occurred, as a rule, in connection with the determination of their influence on possibility of hostilities resumption in the world. Archival documents indicate that the population did not always perceive the arms race, in which the Soviet Union supplied solely as a means to resist the aggressive actions of the Western countries. At the same time, the fear of a future war grew due to the warning of losing the benefits of a peaceful life. The overall strengthening of the arms race with the prospect of a new world war was not delighted in the absolute majority of the population. The desire to preserve the peaceful life dominated the political moods of the Ukrainian population.

The article deals with the issue on the correlation, study and usage of the international relations history theoretical foundations as a sufficiently specific scientific direction, combining the features of historical and political sciences, in particular world history, the history of diplomacy, political science, the theory of the international relations, etc. The emergence of the international relations history is connected with the development of national historical sciences, the study of the history of diplomacy, geopolitical concepts, the theory of international relations, etc. The results of the scientific study of the international relations history have laid the basis for the common international processes study. Throughout the XX-th century this direction was actively developing, been influenced upon by the confrontation of political systems. Accordingly, antagonistic ideologies were used, a sample selection of historical facts and sources was carried out. Such issues as the concept and the subject of the international relations history, its periodization, and relations with the world history, history of diplomacy, the theory of international relations and other scientific directions still remain controversial.

The article considers the development of electoral political science as a new direction of Ukrainian political science. It is noted that in connection with the democratization of post-Soviet political regimes, there is an objective need to conduct electoral research, which should explain the peculiarities of voter behavior and the prospects for the use of electoral technologies. The origins of electoral research in American political science (P. Lazarsfeld, B. Berelson, G. Goda, E. Katz) and their perspectives in the context of possible autonomy in Ukrainian political science are shown. The contribution of specific foreign and domestic scientists to the development of electoral political science is highlighted. It is concluded that in Ukraine electoral political science as a scientific discourse emerged in the last decade of the twentieth century almost "from scratch" and is now formed as an autonomous branch of domestic political science.

The main propositions of such schools of thought in international relations theory as realism, liberalism, and constructivism, which are used by researchers in these areas in the analysis of the political significance of epidemics and pandemics for international relations are highlighted and analyzed in the article. The author places special emphasis on the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identifies its main issues that are the focus of attention in the scientific works of political scientists. The author concludes that none of the three analyzed theories provide a comprehensive explanation of all the socio-political processes and transformations that have resulted from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale. The main research methods were analytical-synthetic and descriptive-narrative. ; У статті виокремлено та проаналізовано головні положення теорії реалізму, лібералізму й конструктивізму в міжнародних відносинах, які використовуються дослідниками зазначених напрямів при аналізі політичного значення епідемій та пандемій для міжнародних відносин. Автором зроблено особливий акцент на поточній пандемії коронавірусної хвороби 2019 (COVID-19) та визначено її основні питання, що перебувають у фокусі уваги в наукових роботах представників політичних наук. Автор дійшов висновку про те, що жодна із трьох проаналізованих теорій не надає всеосяжного пояснення усім суспільно-політичним процесам та соціальним трансформаціям, що виникли внаслідок поширення пандемії COVID-19 в глобальних масштабах. Основними методами досліджень стали аналітико-синтетичний та описово-розповідний.

In the article are considered the origin of marriage diplomacy, which began from Kievan Rus', when international agreements and unions refreshed by dynastic copulas. Interdynastic marriages of Rus dukes were the prime examples of political and cultural orientation of Kievan Rus' of that epoch. Attention is paid to the changes of character of marriage diplomacy in the middle ages of Polish Crow, activity of which was determined by interests of military-landowning magnates. Therefore it was mainly headed for the settlement of disputes between the separate landowners, who on the whole defended the right to conduct «private wars», in the period between which conducted «private marriage negotiations». The important attribute of interdynastic marriage diplomacy were nobility coats of arms. Were analyzed source materials, which serve to the certificate of interdynastic marriage diplomacy of Herburts, that during two hundred fifty years period of staying in the Rus', resulted in the bring together of family with the most mighty genus of Polish Crown and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.Key words: Kievan Rus'; middle ages Polish Crown; interdynastic marriage diplomacy; nobility coats of arms; visits of politeness; kind services; dynastic marriages. ; Розглянуто зародження шлюбної дипломатії, початки якої сягають часів Київської Русі, коли міжнародні договори та союзи підкріплювали династичні зв'язки. Міждинастійні шлюби руських князів – яскравий приклад політичної та культурної орієнтації Київської Русі. Акцентовано увагу на зміні характеру шлюбної дипломатії у середньовічній Короні Польській, діяльність якої визначали інтереси військово-землевласницьких магнатів. Тому шлюбна дипломатія, переважно, була спрямована на врегулювання суперечок між окремими землевласниками, які загалом обстоювали своє право на «приватні війни», в період між якими вели «приватні шлюбні переговори». Важливим атрибутом міжродової шлюбної дипломатії були шляхетські герби. Проаналізовано джерельні матеріали, що слугують свідченням міжродової шлюбної дипломатії Гербуртів, яка за двохсотп'ятдесятирічний період їхнього перебування на Русі призвела до споріднення роду з наймогутнішими родами Корони Польської та Речі Посполитої.Ключові слова: Київська Русь; середньовічна Корона Польська; міжродова шлюбна дипломатія; шляхетські герби; візити ввічливості; добрі послуги; династичні шлюби.

The article defines that cinema, in addition to artistic load, is today an important component of cultural diplomacy. The role and place of cultural diplomacy among other types of diplomacy are revealed. It is also argued that cultural diplomacy, as an instrument of international soft power policy, has played a decisive role in international relations, which since the 1990s has been the basis of most of the world's leading countries. It is stated that modern cinema is not only informing people about certain events, but also creating the history of one's own country with the help of "soft power". It has been proven that the use of film festivals mobilizes public opinion of both internal and external audiences and strengthens the level of trust in the actions of governments, allows a fuller understanding of foreign audiences. The main film festivals of Ukraine, which took place in different regions of Ukraine as of 2020, are analyzed, specific features of each of them are identified, in particular, the city where the film festival takes place and the year of its foundation, as well as those countries that participated. The role of the state in the organization of film festivals has been revealed. The interrelation of these film festivals with the formation of a positive image of Ukraine in the international arena is analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that Ukraine is actively involved in film festivals in its country, which indicates its openness and at the same time, the presentation in the international arena. It should be noted that although the topics of film festivals are quite diverse, and the number of participants in these events is increasing every year, but the state policy in the field of culture is not very effective, in particular, in the organizational policy of film festivals. sites that cover various film festivals, however, it is often outdated and out of date, or non-existent. In addition, the article provides an overview of the participating countries that have participated in various Ukrainian film festivals during their holding, and found that their number ranges from eight to 4,000, however, it should be noted that they were mostly represented by countries with CIS and European countries. Thus, the participation of one or another country of the world in film festivals held in Ukraine is a reflection of the policy pursued within each of the states.Key words: public diplomacy, soft power policy, state image, international politics, film art, film festival. ; У статті визначається, що кінематограф, окрім мистецького навантаження, на сьогодні є важливою складовою культурної дипломатії. Обґрунтовано, що культурна дипломатія, як інструмент міжнародної політики «м'якої сили», відіграє у міжнародних відносинах визначальну роль. Проаналізовано основні кінофестивалі України. Визначено роль держави в їх організації. Визначено взаємозв'язок цих кінофестивалей та формуванням позитивного іміджу України на міжнародній арені.Ключові слова: публічна дипломатія, політика м'якої сили, імідж держави, міжнародна політика, кіномистецтво, кінофестиваль. В статье определяется, что кинематограф, кроме художественного нагрузки, сегодня является важной составляющей культурной дипломатии. Обосновано, что культурная дипломатия как инструмент международной политики «мягкой силы», играет в международных отношениях определяющую роль. Проанализированы основные кинофестивале Украины. Определена роль государства в их организации. Определена взаимосвязь этих кинофестивалей с формированием позитивного имиджа Украины на международной арене.Ключевые слова: публичная дипломатия, политика мягкой силы, имидж государства, международная политика, киноискусство, кинофестиваль. The article defines that cinema, in addition to artistic load, is today an important component of cultural diplomacy. The role and place of cultural diplomacy among other types of diplomacy are revealed. It is also argued that cultural diplomacy, as an instrument of international soft power policy, has played a decisive role in international relations, which since the 1990s has been the basis of most of the world's leading countries. It is stated that modern cinema is not only informing people about certain events, but also creating the history of one's own country with the help of "soft power". It has been proven that the use of film festivals mobilizes public opinion of both internal and external audiences and strengthens the level of trust in the actions of governments, allows a fuller understanding of foreign audiences. The main film festivals of Ukraine, which took place in different regions of Ukraine as of 2020, are analyzed, specific features of each of them are identified, in particular, the city where the film festival takes place and the year of its foundation, as well as those countries that participated. The role of the state in the organization of film festivals has been revealed. The interrelation of these film festivals with the formation of a positive image of Ukraine in the international arena is analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that Ukraine is actively involved in film festivals in its country, which indicates its openness and at the same time, the presentation in the international arena. It should be noted that although the topics of film festivals are quite diverse, and the number of participants in these events is increasing every year, but the state policy in the field of culture is not very effective, in particular, in the organizational policy of film festivals. sites that cover various film festivals, however, it is often outdated and out of date, or non-existent. In addition, the article provides an overview of the participating countries that have participated in various Ukrainian film festivals during their holding, and found that their number ranges from eight to 4,000, however, it should be noted that they were mostly represented by countries with CIS and European countries. Thus, the participation of one or another country of the world in film festivals held in Ukraine is a reflection of the policy pursued within each of the states.Key words: public diplomacy, soft power policy, state image, international politics, film art, film festival.

The article is dedicated to the isolation and analysis of the main trust indexes on the level of the inter-state relations paying attention on the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy in these processes. This question has a theoretical and practical value: the received results can be used both for further deep theoret ical problem development in international relations and in diplomatic practice due the economic and cultural connections development among nations, during the process of preparing specialists in state regulation, international relations, etc. Methodology of the research is mostly based on the complex approach with using methodology of system-functional analysis, categorical apparatus of Politology, Sociology, Social Psychology, and Theory of Communication, Comparativistics and other Humanities. It is found that the state trust refers to such phenomena, which contain a part of risk in the cooperation with other states, help to solve different collective problems and act in the way, which contradicts the standard definitions of national interests. It is found five indicators of existing trust in the context of inter- state relations: 1) minimal level – is cooperation among states; 2) lower level – is favourable policy of states orientation; 3) middle level – is to conduct the friendly policy among the states; 4) upper level – is types of written rules with temporal storage; 5) high level – is discretionary power in the process of developing politics. It is highlighted 9 indexes of cultural diplomacy effectiveness due the trust building on the level of inter-state relations: content of cultural and Foreign policy; social roles; a formal agreement and obligations between the states; the quality of cultural diplomatic programs; coordination between different government departments and other agencies within and between states; existing mistrust and conflicting issues between states; misuse of funding for cultural diplomatic programs; operation of foreign cultural institutions; publicity about cultural ...