Suchergebnisse

The protection of intellectual property was crucial for stimulating innovation even before the word coronavirus became widespread. Without the protection of the ideas of the enterprise and the individual, scientists and inventors would not be able to take full advantage of their inventions and would focus less on research and development. Likewise, if artists do not receive full remuneration for their artwork, cultural viability suffers as a result. Several studies have shown that most US small businesses are unaware that their US patent or trademark does not protect them in other countries. If such a company is a real or potential exporter, it may find that foreign manufacturers have copied products, packaging, and business plans, even though the company has never done business abroad. Foreign forgers can easily steal product images, brochures and logos from a website and register these materials as their own inventions in their home country if the company has not registered them in the inventor's home country. For this reason, various national governments have begun to take practical steps to monitor intellectual property policies. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the problems in the political dimension of the industry.

The article examines the state of the political views of the USSR population in the transition of the totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in 1950–1960's. The research attention is drawn to trends in the formation of political attitudes regarding the aggravation of the international situation and prospects for the beginning of a new world war. The possibility of the hostilities outbreak in 1950–1960's has been widely discussed by almost all strata of the Soviet society. This contributed to the reports in the Soviet media. Ideas about the methods of warfare with a very weak understanding of the nuclear war nature and the development of the nuclear weapons strategic carriers focused the people on the view about the future war as a battle primarily of land armies. In the early 1950's, the discussion of international relations in the Ukrainian society occurred, as a rule, in connection with the determination of their influence on possibility of hostilities resumption in the world. Archival documents indicate that the population did not always perceive the arms race, in which the Soviet Union supplied solely as a means to resist the aggressive actions of the Western countries. At the same time, the fear of a future war grew due to the warning of losing the benefits of a peaceful life. The overall strengthening of the arms race with the prospect of a new world war was not delighted in the absolute majority of the population. The desire to preserve the peaceful life dominated the political moods of the Ukrainian population.

The article considers the development of electoral political science as a new direction of Ukrainian political science. It is noted that in connection with the democratization of post-Soviet political regimes, there is an objective need to conduct electoral research, which should explain the peculiarities of voter behavior and the prospects for the use of electoral technologies. The origins of electoral research in American political science (P. Lazarsfeld, B. Berelson, G. Goda, E. Katz) and their perspectives in the context of possible autonomy in Ukrainian political science are shown. The contribution of specific foreign and domestic scientists to the development of electoral political science is highlighted. It is concluded that in Ukraine electoral political science as a scientific discourse emerged in the last decade of the twentieth century almost "from scratch" and is now formed as an autonomous branch of domestic political science.

The article deals with the issue on the correlation, study and usage of the international relations history theoretical foundations as a sufficiently specific scientific direction, combining the features of historical and political sciences, in particular world history, the history of diplomacy, political science, the theory of the international relations, etc. The emergence of the international relations history is connected with the development of national historical sciences, the study of the history of diplomacy, geopolitical concepts, the theory of international relations, etc. The results of the scientific study of the international relations history have laid the basis for the common international processes study. Throughout the XX-th century this direction was actively developing, been influenced upon by the confrontation of political systems. Accordingly, antagonistic ideologies were used, a sample selection of historical facts and sources was carried out. Such issues as the concept and the subject of the international relations history, its periodization, and relations with the world history, history of diplomacy, the theory of international relations and other scientific directions still remain controversial.

The main propositions of such schools of thought in international relations theory as realism, liberalism, and constructivism, which are used by researchers in these areas in the analysis of the political significance of epidemics and pandemics for international relations are highlighted and analyzed in the article. The author places special emphasis on the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identifies its main issues that are the focus of attention in the scientific works of political scientists. The author concludes that none of the three analyzed theories provide a comprehensive explanation of all the socio-political processes and transformations that have resulted from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale. The main research methods were analytical-synthetic and descriptive-narrative. ; У статті виокремлено та проаналізовано головні положення теорії реалізму, лібералізму й конструктивізму в міжнародних відносинах, які використовуються дослідниками зазначених напрямів при аналізі політичного значення епідемій та пандемій для міжнародних відносин. Автором зроблено особливий акцент на поточній пандемії коронавірусної хвороби 2019 (COVID-19) та визначено її основні питання, що перебувають у фокусі уваги в наукових роботах представників політичних наук. Автор дійшов висновку про те, що жодна із трьох проаналізованих теорій не надає всеосяжного пояснення усім суспільно-політичним процесам та соціальним трансформаціям, що виникли внаслідок поширення пандемії COVID-19 в глобальних масштабах. Основними методами досліджень стали аналітико-синтетичний та описово-розповідний.

The international academic community is currently exploring the development of the intelligence studies domain as a social science project. The current position paper argues for a project to connect, in content terms, the Romanian political science with the domain of intelligence studies. It takes into account the international and local context, and presents some of the benefits to be generated by the intersection of these two domains.

Problem setting. The modern world continues to consider military power as one o f the most important tools for solving foreign policy problems. However, it is not an extraordinary option or a last resort in the range o f possible shares. Military power has become a widely used tool along with political and diplomatic actions. The decision to use military power is made by world actors based on their own understanding o f their national interests and the appropriateness o f its use, even without a UN resolution. Thus, the issue o f the study o f military power as a tool in international relations becomes relevant. Recent research and publications analysis. Consideration o f certain issues o f military strength aspects is reflected in the works o f R. Aron, O. Bodruk, A. Gramsci, R. Keohein, Н. Morgenthau, J. Nye, V. Smolyanyuk, Р. Taylor, A. Toffler, M. Trebin, K. Waltz, I. Wallerstein, S. Huntington and others. However, in modern conditions, the issue o f the use o f military power in international relations requires a new rethinking, especially in the context o f systemic changes in world society. Paper objective. The purpose o f this article is to analyze some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. Paper main body. The article reveals some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, the forms and tasks o f its use are revealed.The article examines some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, forms and tasks o f its application are revealed. It is highlighted that the simplest scenario o f the state's transition to military actions and in the international arena is the threat o f the use offorce demonstrated by it (explicit - hidden, real - conditional); A more complex type o f use o f military power remains armed violence - direct physical influence on the opposite side by means ofarmed struggle for the purpose o f its destruction or ...

The author reviewed the history of the formation of the leading scientific schools in international affairs, created at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the main current research trends, the works written by the leading experts in the field of international relations. According to the author Ivan Franko National University of Lviv and Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University also provides the development of scientific research in the field of international relations as well as a number of other higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The author concluded that research resources in higher educational institutions of Ukraine first are connected with the training of specialists in the field of international relations, and secondly these institutions explore the problems of different spheres of the modern international relations. One of the urgent problems is the place Ukraine occupied in international integration processes, in the political process and in the security system. An important place in the research is devoted to the international security and foreign policy strategies. Some representatives of the Ukrainian scientific school of international relations keep an issue on the regional international relations, in particular, in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean region and their role in the modern system of international relations. Therewith it is important to note that particular higher education institutions have a complete cycle of training specialists in the field of international relations, ranging from bachelors and completing the protection of master's and doctorate theses. ; Проаналізовано становлення та розвиток наукової школи міжнародників України на базі вищих навчальних закладів. Зосереджено увагу на історії створення київської школи міжнародників, діяльності львівської, одеської, донецької та інших наукових шкіл, сучасній проблематиці наукових досліджень, працях провідних науковців тощо.

The role of social media (social networks) in international relations is analyzed. The international relations as the main contributor to the world information space are singled out. Definitions of the main concepts characterizing the use of Internet technologies in the foreign policy activity of the state are given: foreign policy activity of the state, foreign policy behavior of the state, communication in the system of international relations or foreign policy communication of the state. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the basic characteristics of socio-political communication, comparative analysis, functional analysis (functions of foreign policy communication and activities). Social media and the Internet are turning into a new reality, where the main actors are states. The political image of the state is directly proportional to the image in the social media. The popularity of the state, diplomatic institutions depends on the openness of society and the advancement in social networks.

The article disclosed the specifics of the laws of politics and laws which determine operation of the governmental agencies. It was proved that the knowledge and use of their nature in the political life enabled the optimization of guidance in different political processes. The article stressed that any law, including natural, rarely was quite exhaustive and unambiguous as it was including comprising of various internally and externally contradictory trends. Thisstatement applied the laws of political science because their action made a large variety of effects, including random factors that had both objective and subjective natures. Key words: the politics, the purpose and means in politics, a trend, a law, laws of politics, laws of structures, laws of the functioning, the laws of development, "individual" laws. ; У статті розкрито суть і специфіку законів політики і законів, на основі яких вибудовуються, функціонують ті чи інші державні структури. Доведено, що їх знання і використання у політичному житті уможливлює оптимізацію керівництва різноманітними політичними процесами. Наголошується, що будь-який закон, зокрема природний, рідко буває цілком вичерпним та однозначним, він завжди приблизний, включає велику кількість різних внутрішньо та зовнішньо суперечливих тенденцій. Це надто стосується законів політології, оскільки на їх дію справляє вплив велика кількість різноманітних, зокрема випадкових, факторів як об'єктивного, так і суб'єктивного характеру. Ключові слова: політика, мета і засоби в політиці, тенденція, закономірність, закон, закони політики, закони структури, закони функціонування, закони розвитку, «індивідуальні» закони.

The article identifies the place and role of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukraine by taking into consideration that the network of religious organizations in our country is one of the largest on the European continent. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. During more than thousand years the Orthodoxy, despite the conflicts between the churches and their believers in past and present is still the most widespread Christian confession in Ukraine. Moreover, it saved a tendency to the inner unity, including creation of the Local Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). Obtaining by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on January 6, 2019 from the Ecumenical Patriarchate the Thomas was an important step in founding of independent and competent national church. This is also evidenced by the fact that during the first year of existing of the OCU the number of its parishes increase up to 7,000, not less important is the fact that three churches: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Hellenic Church and the Patriarchate of Alexandria recognized the OCU and this already testifies its international acceptance as the part of Orthodoxy.
Undoubtedly, the Russian occupation of Crimea and Putin's war in Donbas and the support of these shameful actions by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and its Ukrainian branch, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC MP) served to the political choices and self-identification of a big part of Ukrainian believers and it gives hope for the gradual stabilization (deconflictization) of interconfessional relations in the Ukrainian Orthodoxy.