Suchergebnisse

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Social Security Goals: Problems of Identification, Consolidation and Realization The concept of social security is still not sufficiently precise and clear as the institute of social security due to the constant change in public relations is still in the evolutionary stage. However, there is no doubt that nowadays social security occupies a very important place in the life of every Lithuanian citizen. Because of social security every person is protected from social risks. The government ensures that both workers and non workers receive at least a minimum income. So, main and most important goal of social protection is protection against social risks. Technology and the quality of life of people constantly improves, so does social protection, but at the same time there are many problematic aspects. Analyzing social security in Lithuania many probleamatic issues could be discovered but the main problems were the reduction of the retirement pensions because of an economic crisis and the reduction of retirement pensions for workers, the reduction of the ceiling for maternity/paternity and childcare benefits, and the accident at work when worker was drunk. These problematic aspects have shown that the institute of social security still has a number of gaps, and the implementation of social protection itself is complicated process. Although, often decisions taken by the goverment provoke public outrage, that decisions are always oriented towards the prosperity of the population and problematic situations are quickly and sensibly resolved. In order to reveal and assess all the problematic aspects of identification, consolidation and realisation relating to social security objectives in this master's work international, European and national legislation on social security was analyzed.

Social Security Goals: Problems of Identification, Consolidation and Realization The concept of social security is still not sufficiently precise and clear as the institute of social security due to the constant change in public relations is still in the evolutionary stage. However, there is no doubt that nowadays social security occupies a very important place in the life of every Lithuanian citizen. Because of social security every person is protected from social risks. The government ensures that both workers and non workers receive at least a minimum income. So, main and most important goal of social protection is protection against social risks. Technology and the quality of life of people constantly improves, so does social protection, but at the same time there are many problematic aspects. Analyzing social security in Lithuania many probleamatic issues could be discovered but the main problems were the reduction of the retirement pensions because of an economic crisis and the reduction of retirement pensions for workers, the reduction of the ceiling for maternity/paternity and childcare benefits, and the accident at work when worker was drunk. These problematic aspects have shown that the institute of social security still has a number of gaps, and the implementation of social protection itself is complicated process. Although, often decisions taken by the goverment provoke public outrage, that decisions are always oriented towards the prosperity of the population and problematic situations are quickly and sensibly resolved. In order to reveal and assess all the problematic aspects of identification, consolidation and realisation relating to social security objectives in this master's work international, European and national legislation on social security was analyzed.

Social Security Goals: Problems of Identification, Consolidation and Realization The concept of social security is still not sufficiently precise and clear as the institute of social security due to the constant change in public relations is still in the evolutionary stage. However, there is no doubt that nowadays social security occupies a very important place in the life of every Lithuanian citizen. Because of social security every person is protected from social risks. The government ensures that both workers and non workers receive at least a minimum income. So, main and most important goal of social protection is protection against social risks. Technology and the quality of life of people constantly improves, so does social protection, but at the same time there are many problematic aspects. Analyzing social security in Lithuania many probleamatic issues could be discovered but the main problems were the reduction of the retirement pensions because of an economic crisis and the reduction of retirement pensions for workers, the reduction of the ceiling for maternity/paternity and childcare benefits, and the accident at work when worker was drunk. These problematic aspects have shown that the institute of social security still has a number of gaps, and the implementation of social protection itself is complicated process. Although, often decisions taken by the goverment provoke public outrage, that decisions are always oriented towards the prosperity of the population and problematic situations are quickly and sensibly resolved. In order to reveal and assess all the problematic aspects of identification, consolidation and realisation relating to social security objectives in this master's work international, European and national legislation on social security was analyzed.

Social Security Goals: Problems of Identification, Consolidation and Realization The concept of social security is still not sufficiently precise and clear as the institute of social security due to the constant change in public relations is still in the evolutionary stage. However, there is no doubt that nowadays social security occupies a very important place in the life of every Lithuanian citizen. Because of social security every person is protected from social risks. The government ensures that both workers and non workers receive at least a minimum income. So, main and most important goal of social protection is protection against social risks. Technology and the quality of life of people constantly improves, so does social protection, but at the same time there are many problematic aspects. Analyzing social security in Lithuania many probleamatic issues could be discovered but the main problems were the reduction of the retirement pensions because of an economic crisis and the reduction of retirement pensions for workers, the reduction of the ceiling for maternity/paternity and childcare benefits, and the accident at work when worker was drunk. These problematic aspects have shown that the institute of social security still has a number of gaps, and the implementation of social protection itself is complicated process. Although, often decisions taken by the goverment provoke public outrage, that decisions are always oriented towards the prosperity of the population and problematic situations are quickly and sensibly resolved. In order to reveal and assess all the problematic aspects of identification, consolidation and realisation relating to social security objectives in this master's work international, European and national legislation on social security was analyzed.

In order to assess how Baltic region electricity power sector may change in the future, depending on the different fossil fuel prices and European Union's carbon dioxide emission reduction objectives, prospective analysis was carried out. In this Master's theses existing research on prospective development of Baltic region power sector was reviewed. Also analysis was carried out on the current electricity sector situation in 9 Baltic region countries (Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany). Analysis of Baltic region coutries' power sector prospective development is based on created mathematical optimization model using MESSAGE software. In this work there is a detailed description of modelling principles. 4 possible scenarios were analysed by using created mathematical optimization model: low, medium and high fossil fuel price scenarios and a scenario with removed restrictions in which there are no limitations on construction of new nuclear power plants and EU's CO2 emission reduction targets are not considered. Time period from 2016 to 2045 was simulated. Simulation results of 4 different scenarios are presented for Baltic region as a whole and for each country individually.

In order to assess how Baltic region electricity power sector may change in the future, depending on the different fossil fuel prices and European Union's carbon dioxide emission reduction objectives, prospective analysis was carried out. In this Master's theses existing research on prospective development of Baltic region power sector was reviewed. Also analysis was carried out on the current electricity sector situation in 9 Baltic region countries (Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany). Analysis of Baltic region coutries' power sector prospective development is based on created mathematical optimization model using MESSAGE software. In this work there is a detailed description of modelling principles. 4 possible scenarios were analysed by using created mathematical optimization model: low, medium and high fossil fuel price scenarios and a scenario with removed restrictions in which there are no limitations on construction of new nuclear power plants and EU's CO2 emission reduction targets are not considered. Time period from 2016 to 2045 was simulated. Simulation results of 4 different scenarios are presented for Baltic region as a whole and for each country individually.

In order to assess how Baltic region electricity power sector may change in the future, depending on the different fossil fuel prices and European Union's carbon dioxide emission reduction objectives, prospective analysis was carried out. In this Master's theses existing research on prospective development of Baltic region power sector was reviewed. Also analysis was carried out on the current electricity sector situation in 9 Baltic region countries (Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany). Analysis of Baltic region coutries' power sector prospective development is based on created mathematical optimization model using MESSAGE software. In this work there is a detailed description of modelling principles. 4 possible scenarios were analysed by using created mathematical optimization model: low, medium and high fossil fuel price scenarios and a scenario with removed restrictions in which there are no limitations on construction of new nuclear power plants and EU's CO2 emission reduction targets are not considered. Time period from 2016 to 2045 was simulated. Simulation results of 4 different scenarios are presented for Baltic region as a whole and for each country individually.

In order to assess how Baltic region electricity power sector may change in the future, depending on the different fossil fuel prices and European Union's carbon dioxide emission reduction objectives, prospective analysis was carried out. In this Master's theses existing research on prospective development of Baltic region power sector was reviewed. Also analysis was carried out on the current electricity sector situation in 9 Baltic region countries (Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany). Analysis of Baltic region coutries' power sector prospective development is based on created mathematical optimization model using MESSAGE software. In this work there is a detailed description of modelling principles. 4 possible scenarios were analysed by using created mathematical optimization model: low, medium and high fossil fuel price scenarios and a scenario with removed restrictions in which there are no limitations on construction of new nuclear power plants and EU's CO2 emission reduction targets are not considered. Time period from 2016 to 2045 was simulated. Simulation results of 4 different scenarios are presented for Baltic region as a whole and for each country individually.

The paper explores theoretical and empirical evidence on whether progressivity of personal income taxation lead to less income inequality. The paper demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical evidence, which question the simplistic notion that more progressivity lead to less inequality and vice versa. Paper provides comprehensive review of the spectrum of possible causal links between progressivity and inequality. Then the paper develops an empirical indicator to measure progressivity of personal income tax. It is used to estimate empirical relations between progressivity and income inequality in 27 European Union countries for the period of 2007-2013. The paper finds a weak relationship between a country being a flat-tax country and smaller reduction of income inequality measured by at-risk-of-poverty rate (but not with GINI inequality). However a statistical test finds no meaningful relationship between progressivity and reduction of at-risk-of-poverty income inequality. The paper concludes that it is impossible to find clear and unambiguous relationship between progressivity of income tax and income inequality. It suggests expanding the scope of research and including analysis of effects of transfer systems.

The paper explores theoretical and empirical evidence on whether progressivity of personal income taxation lead to less income inequality. The paper demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical evidence, which question the simplistic notion that more progressivity lead to less inequality and vice versa. Paper provides comprehensive review of the spectrum of possible causal links between progressivity and inequality. Then the paper develops an empirical indicator to measure progressivity of personal income tax. It is used to estimate empirical relations between progressivity and income inequality in 27 European Union countries for the period of 2007-2013. The paper finds a weak relationship between a country being a flat-tax country and smaller reduction of income inequality measured by at-risk-of-poverty rate (but not with GINI inequality). However a statistical test finds no meaningful relationship between progressivity and reduction of at-risk-of-poverty income inequality. The paper concludes that it is impossible to find clear and unambiguous relationship between progressivity of income tax and income inequality. It suggests expanding the scope of research and including analysis of effects of transfer systems.

The article deals with criteria for the government support to SME efficiency. A methodology of government support efficiency evaluation based on sustainability criteria is proposed. The criteria for selection of SME support measures should address all dimensions of sustainable development: social, economic and environmental. The methodology can be applied on country, region or enterprise level. Economic indicators for support effectiveness evaluation on enterprise level include the positive changes in financial indicators of a company on receiving support. Social indicators on such level are the new jobs created and the increase of income. Environmental indicators such as pollutant emission reductions in an enterprise allow to evaluate the social effect of support. Therefore, a complex system of indicators needs to be developed to evaluate the efficiency of support provided to SMS according to economic, social and environmental criteria. The system of sustainability criteria may be applied on a country level and include more general indicators such as: GDP growth, increase of employment, higher real income of population, decrease of inequality of income, pollution reduction in the country, etc.