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Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

Efter afslutningen på NATO's ISAF-mission, og i takt med tilbagetrækningen af internationale styrker vil et langt større ansvar for regional fredsopbygning tilføres de regionale stater selv. Sikkerhedssituationen i Afghanistan afhænger af regionalt samarbejde, hvilket forudsætter forudgående dialog samt fremadrettede innovative fredsopbygningsløsninger i en regional ramme. Voldelig ekstremisme, skrøbelige økonomier og konfliktfyldte bilaterale forhold er nogle af de problemer, der skal tackles såfremt bæredygtige løsninger skal opnås. Konferencen Regional Stability & Lessons Learned in Regional Peace Building, søgte netop at adressere ovennævnte problemstillinger ved at samle en række internationale og ikke mindst regionale forskere i Islamabad i oktober 2014. Selve konferencen var kulminationen på næsten et års samarbejde mellem Pakistans National Defence University og Forsvarsakademiet, og trods en række mere eller mindre forudsigelige bump på vejen, blev konferencen efterfølgende udråbt som særdeles vellykket. De sikkerhedspolitiske udfordringer i regionen tårner sig op i horisonten, og en del af disse blev behandlet på konferencen: Tilbagetrækningen af internationale militære styrker, Taliban, relationerne mellem Indien og Pakistan, behovet for øget regionalisme, Kinas rolle, EU og ASEAN som modeller for inspiration og regionale perspektiver fra Iran og Afghanistan var alle en del af det akademiske program i Islamabad sidst i oktober 2014. Denne rapport beskriver og analyserer præsentationerne på konferencen og endvidere præsenteres en række politiske anbefalinger, der fremadrettet kan bidrage til en konstruktiv og bæredygtig fredsopbygning i Centralasien. ; The NATO-led intervention in Afghanistan is coming to an end, and the necessity of regional peace building solutions for the region's security issues seems more exigent than ever before. Regional states have to come to terms with each other in some ways if violent extremists are to be countered, as none of the countries is able to deal with the intrastate and interstate conflicts on its own. The conference Regional Stability & Lessons Learned in Regional Peace Building was the result of comprehensive cooperation between Pakistan's National Defence University and the Royal Danish Defence College over the course of almost a year. This report should be viewed as the conference's outcome document. It is based on excerpts of the presentations as well as reflections on and analysis of the key arguments made at the conference. The region suffers no lack of security issues in need to be dealt with, and many of them were addressed at the conference: The withdrawal of international military forces, the Taliban, India/Pakistan relations, the need for regionalism, China's role, EU and ASEAN as models for inspiration and regional perspectives from Iran and Afghanistan were all part of the talks in Islamabad, with insightful contributions from a varied panel of scholars. The following will take you through the timely and important discussions presented in late October 2014.

03:06:08 horas ; Cubrimiento especial que realizó la alianza de medios de la UNAB sobre estas elecciones regionales. #Elecciones2019 #JóvenesEligen Alianza de medios de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Periódico 15, Unab Radio, Soy Autónomo y UNABTV. ; Coverage of the elections of the representatives to the curricular committees of academic programs, councils of faculties, Academic Council and Board of Directors of the Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga 2019. Special coverage made by the UNAB media alliance on these regional elections. # Elecciones2019 # JóvenesEligen . Media Alliance of the Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. Newspaper 15, Unab Radio, Soy Autónomo and UNABTV. "

onvergence objective seeks to promote growth within European Union (EU) for least-developed regions. The list of regions and areas eligible for Convergence are chosen from the NUTS-2 European regional classification. However, as it is well-known, spatial (and temporal) measures are scale dependent. The aim of this article is to show how sensitive Convergence selection criterion is to the level of geographic aggregation used, assessing the impact that the use of a different NUTS breakdown would have had on the distribution of the regional budget among countries. ; Los fondos de convergencia tienen como objetivo estimular el crecimiento de las regiones menos desarrolladas dentro de la Unión Europea. Para que una región pueda ser elegida debe ser catalogada como NUTS-2. Sin embargo, como es bien conocido, el valor que toma cualquier variable no es independiente de la escala espacial (y temporal) utilizada. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la gran sensibilidad que muestra el criterio utilizado en la UE para seleccionar regiones de convergencia y evaluar el impacto que tendría en la distribución del presupuesto entre los diferentes países la utilización de una división territorial diferente.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit analysiert Maciej Chinalski den Regional Governance Ansatz und seine praktische Umsetzung in den Europäischen Grenzregionen zwischen Deutschland und Polen (Oder-Partnerschaft) sowie im Vierländereck von Österreich, Ungarn, Tschechien und Slowakei (Centrope-Region). Regional Governance gilt als eine Kooperationsform unterschiedlicher regionaler Akteure, die nach neuen Synergien suchen, um ihre Zusammenarbeit voranzutreiben. Eine Region wird dabei als Raum verstärkter Interaktionen zwischen Staat, Zivilgesellschaft und Wirtschaft verstanden.

The author reflects upon the conditions in which poor countries are vulnerable to several sources of insecurity. In this context, the article explores the case of Colombia, a country threatened by drug trafficking and guerrilla warfare, and links the Colombian conflict to regional stability and peace. The author concludes suggesting three possible scenarios for the conflict in Colombia, and its consequences for the region. Finally, he argues for a collective security approach as a feasible response to these challenges. ; El autor reflexiona sobre las condiciones en que los países pobres son vulnerables a diversas fuentes de inseguridad. En este contexto, el artículo analiza el caso de Colombia, amenazada por el narcotráfico y la guerrilla; y vincula la inestabilidad colombiana estabilidad y paz regionales. El autor insinúa, asimismo, tres escenarios posibles del conflicto y sus consecuencias en la región y propone la seguridad cooperativa regional como respuesta a este problema.

Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, was Regionalität von Lebensmitteln im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs, in Initiativen zur Regionalvermarktung und für die Akteure der Lebensmittelversorgung in der Region Osttirol (Bezirk Lienz, Österreich) bedeutet. Die Arbeit ist in ein Interreg III B-Projekt des Landes Tirol eingebunden. Von Oktober 2006 bis März 2007 wurden wissenschaftliche Literatur und 22 Regionalvermarktungsinitiativen hinsichtlich Kriterien für regionale Lebensmittel analysiert. In Osttirol wurden 13 Konsumenten befragt, 2 Workshops mit 21 Teilnehmern veranstaltet und Interviews mit 10 Produzenten und Anbietern geführt. Sowohl in der Wissenschaft als auch aus Sicht der Regionalvermarktungsinitiativen werden regionale Lebensmittel über die reine Herkunft der Rohstoffe hinaus durch eine überdurchschnittliche Produkt- und Prozessqualität im Sinne der ökologischen und sozialen Aspekte der Produktion definiert. Die Gesprächspartner teilen im Wesentlichen diese Charakterisierung regionaler Lebensmittel, häufig werden jedoch die gesetzlichen Vorgaben und die übliche Praxis in der Region als ausreichend empfunden. Die biologische Landwirtschaft als übergreifendes Kriterium wird von den Akteuren nicht in Betracht gezogen. Während es aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht gute Argumente für Kriterien für regionale Lebensmittel gibt, sind für die Gesprächspartner Vertrauen, persönliche Bekanntschaft, "Geschichten" hinter den Produkten und ein "guter Geschmack" bestimmend für die Regionalität von Lebensmitteln - und für den Vermarktungserfolg. Im Hinblick auf eine regionale Lebensmittelversorgung als Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Region wird von der Autorin empfohlen, detaillierte und weiterreichende Kriterien für regionale Lebensmittel v.a. im Bereich der Prozessqualität fest zu legen. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts sind ein punktueller Beitrag in einem partizipativen Prozess mit normativen Elementen, der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht abgeschlossen wurde. ; The masters thesis deals with the meaning of the attribute "regional" for food as well as from a scientific point of view as in existing regional marketing initiatives and for the actors in the food production chain in Eastern Tyrol (district of Lienz, Austria). This thesis is part of an Interreg III B-project of the Federal Government of Tyrol. Between October 2006 and March 2007, scientific literature was reviewed and 22 regional marketing organizations were analyzed, resulting in a sample of criteria for the regionality of food. In Eastern Tyrol 13 consumers were asked for their understanding of regional food. Two workshops with 21 participants and explorative interviews with 10 producers and providers aimed at developing a list of criteria for regional food. The criteria mentioned in scientific literature as well as used in the analysed regional marketing initiatives can be assigned to three dimensions of quality: provenance of ingredients, product quality and process quality, i.e. ecological and social aspects in the production process. The results show that local actors share this definition of regional food that goes beyond the mere provenance of ingredients or location of processing. The status quo of the regional food production system and the national laws were in many cases considered as "good enough". Organic farming was not favoured by the respondents as a composite criterion. While scientists stress the importance of approved criteria for regional food, for the respondents trust, personal relations, "pictures and stories" and a good taste are characteristics of regional food - and responsible for marketing success. When regarding a regional food system as means of sustainable regional development, the involvement of more detailed criteria foremost in the field of process quality is advised by the author. The results are a single contribution in a participatory process including normative aspects that is not finished as the project ends. ; eingereicht von: Julia Kaliwoda ; Zsfassung in engl. Sprache ; Wien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Dipl.-Arb., 2007 ; OeBB ; (VLID)1036044

Este documento hace un diagnostico multidimensional de las brechas regionales que existen en Colombia a nivel departamental y de su persistencia en el tiempo. Así mismo se estudian las causas de la inequidad regional. La evidencia presentada sugiere que las diferencias institucionales de largo plazo explican las desigualdades regionales actuales. Para el diagnóstico se utiliza un conjunto amplio de variables socioeconómicas incluyendo variables de ingreso y actividad económica, variables de capital humano, medidas de pobreza y desigualdad, variables de comportamiento político, variables de aislamiento geográfico, y variables de esfuerzo o dependencia fiscal. El documento también revisa algunas experiencias internacionales exitosas en la disminución de brechas regionales y plantea algunas sugerencias de política pública para el caso colombiano. ; This paper offers a multidimensional diagnosis of the Colombian regional gaps at the state level and their persistence overtime. The paper also studies the causes of the regional inequality and presents evidence suggesting that these are explained by long-term institutional differences. The diagnosis makes use of a large set of socioeconomic variables including proxies of income and economic activity, human capital, poverty and inequality, political behavior, geographical isolation, and fiscal effort and dependency. The paper reviews several international experiences that were relatively successful in reducing regional inequalities. It concludes by putting forward some policy prescriptions that may fit the Colombian case.

Financial accountability is the responsibility for financial management in the form of financial reports through the use of information technology, which is expected to be able to support regional governments in carrying out better regional financial management as well as having competent human resources in their management. This study aims to provide information about the usefulness of information technology and human resource competence in the accountability region financial report. This research was conducted in three regional expansion in Lampung Province with a descriptive qualitative method with the help of NVivo software for data analysts. The result showed that to achieve regional financial accountability is supported by utilizing information technology in the form of a regional management information system, while to be able to operate the SIMDA application program require adequate human resource and training is given to increase competence.

Presentación. ; González Cruz, Fortunato ; Artículos ; El federalismo venezolano re-centralizado. ; Re-centralized Venezuelan federalism. ; Mascareño Quintana, Carlos ; El estado municipal en Argentina. ; Municipal state in Argentina. ; Mensa, Andrea ; Metamorfosis del estado-seguridad y Fuerzas Armadas en el siglo XXI. ; State metamorphosis-security and Army in the 21st century. ; Rivas Leone, José Antonio ; La segunda generación de reforma del estado y su efecto en la administración pública local. ; The second generation of state reform and its effect in Latin American local public administration. ; Andara M., Abraham Enrique ; Desarrollo multinivel: implicaciones macro-regional, local y micro-regional. ; Multilevel development: macro, local-regional and micro-regional implications. ; Vargas Hernández, José Guadalupe ; Actores y prácticas en la neocentralización política de Venezuela. La fábula del sapo. ; Actors and practices in new political centralization in Venezuela. The boiled frog parabola. ; Vásquez, María del Carmen ; Índice Acumulado ; 107-137 ; jgvh0811@yahoo.com, Jvargas08@berkeley.edu, jvargas@cusur.udg.mx ; semestral ; Nivel analítico

The Hanover Region was created in 2001 as a new type of urban regional body. The article deals with the conditions and goals of this administrative reform. It examines factors that contributed to the success of the reform. It is emphasised that above all the region's predecessors' more than three decades of experience with regional tasks were crucial. Also important was the fact that the region was initiated by three 'doers' from the local level, starting a bottom-up process. Crucial for the region's profile is solidarity between the municipalities with their different economic and social structures. This is guaranteed by the contribution that all municipalities pay to the region. The article also deals with the regional planning principles in the Hanover Region, which has attempted to prepare and maintain a comprehensive physical structure. It is pointed out that the main advantage of the Hanover Region is that there is political responsibility at the regional level with directly elected politicians.

The regions and their respective institutions, is regulated in chapter XIII of the Political Constitution of the Republic, with the title of "Government and internal administration of the State", as well as in the Constitutional Organic Law on Administration and Regional Government No. 19,175 . Based on this legal background, Regional Reform has been defined basically as the expression of a modification of these regulatory bodies. ; Las regiones y su respectiva institucionalidad, está normada en el capítulo XIII de la Constitución Política de la República, con el título de "Gobierno y administración interior del Estado", como así también en la Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Administración y Gobierno Regional N° 19.175. Sobre la base de este antecedente jurídico, se ha definido como Reforma Regional básicamente a la expresión de una modificación de esos cuerpos normativos

The consequence of social and economic changes in the Czech Republic was theliberalization of air transport. After the politically bipolar Europe ceased to existand the Czech Republic joined NATO, there was no need to keep so many militaryairports, which were therefore converted into civilian airports. After some time andespecially recently, it is thought that the airports should be deemed as an integralpart of the public transport infrastructure.

Stressing that the liberalisation of international trade and investment may lead to a geographical concentration of economic activity, this paper discusses the scope for FDI as an instrument of regional policy aimed at offsetting the centripetal forces unleashed by liberalisation. Focusing on Sweden, the paper finds no signs that FDI has contributed to reducing income and development gaps in this country. More specifically, remote provinces that qualify for EU regional support - including support for FDI - have not performed better in terms of employment, labour productivity, and education levels than remote provinces that do not qualify for such support. An exception concerns the R&D intensity of firms (both foreign and indigenous), which tends to be higher in supported than unsupported remote regions.