Subject of study is evolution regularities of of social and labor relations institutes in Ukraine and in the world. The purpose of the study is to define main factors and peculiarities of labor relations socialization at the present stage, and to generalize priorities of labor relations regulation under new conditions of their socialization. Research methods. The methodological principles the research relies on include a set of general methods of scientific cognition, including the method of analysis, synthesis, synthesis, induction and deduction, and others. Results. Factors determining peculiarities of social and labor relations formation and development are analyzed. The impact of ideas on the subject of labor and technological structures on the subject– area content of industrial relations is investigated. The underlying causes forming social partnership institutions and socially responsible business are revealed. World experience of the emergence and developmentof social and labor relations institutes is analyzed. Scientific substantiation of priorities and directions of social and labor relations regulation is carried out. The urgency to revive the monitoring system in social and labor sphere is argued. Conclusions. Social partnership is one of institutional mechanisms that contribute to formation and development of social and labor relations in Ukraine. Government serves as the guarantor of fundamental rights and freedoms, the arbitrator in workplace conflicts, the organizer and coordinator of negotiation processes in the system of social partnership. The interests of workers in the system of labor relations should be respected through social partnership by means of trade unions strengthening in social dialogue.
The article deals with the issue on the correlation, study and usage of the international relations history theoretical foundations as a sufficiently specific scientific direction, combining the features of historical and political sciences, in particular world history, the history of diplomacy, political science, the theory of the international relations, etc. The emergence of the international relations history is connected with the development of national historical sciences, the study of the history of diplomacy, geopolitical concepts, the theory of international relations, etc. The results of the scientific study of the international relations history have laid the basis for the common international processes study. Throughout the XX-th century this direction was actively developing, been influenced upon by the confrontation of political systems. Accordingly, antagonistic ideologies were used, a sample selection of historical facts and sources was carried out. Such issues as the concept and the subject of the international relations history, its periodization, and relations with the world history, history of diplomacy, the theory of international relations and other scientific directions still remain controversial.
Problem setting. The modern world continues to consider military power as one o f the most important tools for solving foreign policy problems. However, it is not an extraordinary option or a last resort in the range o f possible shares. Military power has become a widely used tool along with political and diplomatic actions. The decision to use military power is made by world actors based on their own understanding o f their national interests and the appropriateness o f its use, even without a UN resolution. Thus, the issue o f the study o f military power as a tool in international relations becomes relevant. Recent research and publications analysis. Consideration o f certain issues o f military strength aspects is reflected in the works o f R. Aron, O. Bodruk, A. Gramsci, R. Keohein, Н. Morgenthau, J. Nye, V. Smolyanyuk, Р. Taylor, A. Toffler, M. Trebin, K. Waltz, I. Wallerstein, S. Huntington and others. However, in modern conditions, the issue o f the use o f military power in international relations requires a new rethinking, especially in the context o f systemic changes in world society. Paper objective. The purpose o f this article is to analyze some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. Paper main body. The article reveals some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, the forms and tasks o f its use are revealed.The article examines some aspects o f the use o f military power in international relations. The essence o f the military power o f the state, forms and tasks o f its application are revealed. It is highlighted that the simplest scenario o f the state's transition to military actions and in the international arena is the threat o f the use offorce demonstrated by it (explicit - hidden, real - conditional); A more complex type o f use o f military power remains armed violence - direct physical influence on the opposite side by means ofarmed struggle for the purpose o f its destruction or ...
The article analyzes various aspects of gender equality which are stipulated in legislation regulating labour relationship. The author aims to research various aspects of discrimination by gender in labour relations, to identify and analyze the major problems which prevent counteraction to gender discrimination in labour law. One of the main priorities in development of Ukrainian legislation is to ensure gender equality not only in labour relations but also in other spheres of public life. That is why persons who enter labour relationship expect the state to ensure the principle of equality which prohibits discrimination. For better understanding of the problem the article provides a short theoretical analysis of the problem as well as lists national and international legislation which nowadays ensures equality of rights based on gender. The author also the draft law of a new Labour Code which is not under consideration of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine but is still important to be researched from historical perspective. In order to analyze the compliance with principle of equality in labour law the article has analyzed various types pf labour relationship between the employer and the employee or a future employee. The author also investigates pre-labour relationship which is undergoing the interview and advertisement (placement of vacancies). It is essential to mention that the article has also analyzed the means for ensuring the principle of equality in labour relationship by the state. It is noteworthy to state that important and actual problems which should be solved and regulated have been identified during such kind of an analysis. In conclusion the author, first, focuses on relations which are not sufficiently regulated and provides alternative options for solution of these problems and, second, mentions the relationship which should be regulated by dispositive method to keep the freedom of choice for the employer and employee. At the same time the author realizes that the list of problems is not ...
The efficiency of the educational institutions and modernization and reformation of the educational systems have had priority in politics for the last years. These haven't been completed thoroughly in the Bulgarian educational system. Among the basic problems are the excessively centralized system of school education and the lack of a control system aimed at the idea to humanize education, support, assertive environment, assistance. Control within and over school organizations is part of their ruling and such possible technology is monitoring, and under the conditions of decentralization and independence of school education, this technology would be more efficient.The report deals with the basic characteristics of monitoring as a technology of social control, its basic relations as well as its interdependence of the ruling of the school education and its quality
The long-term nature of corporate legal relations necessitates the theoretical selection of certain moments of their emergence, change and termination. The update of the corporate legislation has necessitated a review of the established positions on the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, analysis and study of the legislation and resolution of problems that arise in connection with its application. The introduction of the institution of consent in corporate legal relations necessitated a scientific rethinking of certain aspects of the mechanism of termination of corporate legal relations. The article investigates the main scientific approaches to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, analyzes the moment of termination of corporate legal relations depending on the grounds for their termination. Based on four main approaches to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, the positions of scientists who adhere to them are studied, changes to the current corporate legislation are analyzed, inconsistencies regarding the moment of termination of corporate legal relations are revealed. The peculiarities of the moment of termination of corporate legal relations in case of alienation of a share (part of a share) in the authorized capital of the company, exclusion of a participant from the company, its withdrawal, withdrawal, recovery from the defendant (claim from his possession) to a share (part of the share) are analyzed. Peculiarities of state registration of changes in information about a legal entity in the aspect of determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations are determined. A position has been formed regarding the application of a separate approach to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations on certain grounds for termination of corporate legal relations and suggested ways to resolve existing inconsistencies in corporate law regarding certain grounds for termination of corporate legal relations.
The subject of research is theoretical and practical aspects of transformation of land relations. The purpose of the study is to reveal the specifics of the market transformation of land ownership. Research methods. The set of methods and approaches is used in the work, including the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, systematic, historical, method of data generalization, which allowed to ensure conceptual unity of research. Results of work. The specifics of the market transformation of land ownership, which is manifested in the presence of a large number of restrictions and the decisive role of state regulation, due to the special properties of land as a basic factor of production in the agrarian sector, are revealed. Unlike the prevailing one–sided characteristics in the economic literature of this process, it is proposed to consider the specifics of the market transformation of land ownership comprehensively, in the unity of such processes as liberalization and democratization of property, institutional and structural changes in the agricultural sector of the economy. Conclusions. The institutional framework of land regulation in Ukraine should consistently orient society to the strictly targeted use of agricultural land, socially, economically and environmentally attuned to the interests of the state methods and relations of their production exploitation, circulation and market. However, legislative effectiveness substantially reduces the absence in the composition or mechanisms of support for individual acts elaborated with the necessary clarity of procedures that mediate their practical implementation.
The role of social media (social networks) in international relations is analyzed. The international relations as the main contributor to the world information space are singled out. Definitions of the main concepts characterizing the use of Internet technologies in the foreign policy activity of the state are given: foreign policy activity of the state, foreign policy behavior of the state, communication in the system of international relations or foreign policy communication of the state. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the basic characteristics of socio-political communication, comparative analysis, functional analysis (functions of foreign policy communication and activities). Social media and the Internet are turning into a new reality, where the main actors are states. The political image of the state is directly proportional to the image in the social media. The popularity of the state, diplomatic institutions depends on the openness of society and the advancement in social networks.
The article deals with the comprehensive analyse of the national minorities of Transcarpathia due to their position, their role and existing problems of the life activity in modern Ukrainian society. Key words: ethnic identity, political society, national minorities, integrational policy. ; Здійснено комплексний розгляд питань національних меншин на Закарпатті з позиції їхнього становища, ролі та існуючих проблем життєдіяльності в сучасному українському суспільстві. Ключові слова: етнічна самоідентифікація, поліетнічне суспільство, національні меншини, інтеграційна політика.
The article identifies the place and role of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukraine by taking into consideration that the network of religious organizations in our country is one of the largest on the European continent. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. During more than thousand years the Orthodoxy, despite the conflicts between the churches and their believers in past and present is still the most widespread Christian confession in Ukraine. Moreover, it saved a tendency to the inner unity, including creation of the Local Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). Obtaining by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on January 6, 2019 from the Ecumenical Patriarchate the Thomas was an important step in founding of independent and competent national church. This is also evidenced by the fact that during the first year of existing of the OCU the number of its parishes increase up to 7,000, not less important is the fact that three churches: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Hellenic Church and the Patriarchate of Alexandria recognized the OCU and this already testifies its international acceptance as the part of Orthodoxy. Undoubtedly, the Russian occupation of Crimea and Putin's war in Donbas and the support of these shameful actions by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and its Ukrainian branch, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC MP) served to the political choices and self-identification of a big part of Ukrainian believers and it gives hope for the gradual stabilization (deconflictization) of interconfessional relations in the Ukrainian Orthodoxy.
The article examines the Ukrainian-Austrian relations, Ukrainian-German relations, compares the relations, determines the essence, relevance, purpose of relations between Ukraine and Austria and through the prism of Germany. The main stages of development between these states are considered and highlighted. The influence of relations from foreign economic activity on the economy of Ukraine is analyzed. At the present stage, relations with Germany are an important vector of Ukraine's foreign policy. This is primarily due to the role played by Germany in resolving the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Germany is both one of the largest investors and one of Ukraine's most important trading partners. the current state of Ukrainian-German relations as such, which has signs of a systemic crisis caused by both the problems of internal development of the European Union and permanent political instability in Ukraine. Economic cooperation between Ukraine and Austria already has its own traditions. During the Soviet era, Ukraine had strong economic ties with the Republic of Austria. From the very beginning of Ukraine's declaration of independence, Austria has been our country's main partner in the European integration process. Much attention was paid to the cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Austria in the direction of establishing not only bilateral relations, but also in matters of economic, political and cultural cooperation with the European Union. In recent years, Austria has been one of the main investors in the Ukrainian economy. Ukrainian-Austrian relations through the prism of relations with Germany are manifested in the fact that in building Ukraine's relations with Austria or Germany there are similar scenarios for building relations, similar international agreements are signed, from the beginning of relations and still push Ukraine to EU integration. They stimulate our state to adopt European norms and bring the regulatory framework in line with the EU. ; У статті досліджено украшсько-австрійські відносини, українсько-німецькі відносини, проведено порівняння відносин. Визначено сутність, актуальність, мету відносин між Україною та Австрією та крізь призму взаємовідносин з ФРН. Розглянуто та висвітлено основні етапи розвитку між ними державами. Проаналізовано вплив відносин зовнішньо-економічної діяльності на економіку України. На сучасному етапі відносини з Німеччиною є важливим вектором зовнішньої політики України. Це насамперед зумовлено тією роллю, яку відіграє ФРН у врегулюванні конфлікту на Сході України. ФРН є як одним із найбільших інвесторів, так і одним із найважливіших торгівельних партнерів України. Сучасний стан українсько-німецьких відносин має ознаки системної кризи, зумовленої як проблемами внутрішнього розвитку Європейського Союзу, так і перманентною політичною нестабільністю в Україні. Економічна співпраця України та Австрії має свої традиції. За часів Радянського Союзу існували стійкі економічні зв'язки України з Австрійською Республікою. Від початку проголошення нашої держави незалежною та ще задовго до цього Австрія була для України одним із основних країн-партнерів у напрямі до європейської інтеграції. Напрямам організації співпраці між Австрією та Україною була приділена велика увага у двосторонніх відносинах в певних питаннях. Австрія була наставником у напрямах політики, економіки та культури взаємодії з ЄС. Проаналізувавши відносини України та Австрії за кілька останніх років, можна стверджувати, що Австрія стала одним із основних інвесторів в економіку України. Українсько-австрійські відносини крізь призму відносин з ФРН виявляються у тому, що при побудові відносин України з Австрією чи Німеччиною спостерігаються схожі сценарії побудови взаємовідносин, підписуються схожі міжнародні договори, від початку взаємовідносин вони підштовхують Україну до інтеграції в ЄС, стимулюють нашу державу до прийняття європейських норм і приведення нормативної бази у відповідність до ЄС.
Subject of research are local budgets. The aim of the study is analysis of inter-budgetary relations in the formation of local budget revenues. The methods used during the study: generalization, comparative analysis, statistical and other research methods. The results of the work. It is noted that it is one of the most difficult tasks in the field of state and local finances. The problems of forming the revenue base of local budgets in Ukraine are described. Approaches to the formation of the system of intergovernmental relations are indicated. The current most pressing problems in the field of intergovernmental relations are analyzed; priority direction of delimitation of income sources between local budgets. Measures that need to be taken to further improve intergovernmental relations are proposed. The scope of the results: Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, local authorities, city and district councils, united by territorial communities for the formation of financial resources. Conclusions. The adoption of the new version of the Budget Code of Ukraine stimulated the formation of a balanced budget policy that will promote regional economic growth taking into account national and regional interests, the introduction of new tools to stimulate regional development and development and improvement of intergovernmental relations. The introduction of a new version of the Budget Code in 2010 provided new approaches to budget planning aimed at increasing the revenue base of local budgets.
In the modern world popular media personalities are becoming the role models for teenagers. Adolescents build parasocial relationships with them and then try to imitate the stale behavior of those media personalities. We do not know for sure which media personalities modern children choose to follow. We also do not know exactly how imitation takes place in parasocial relationships. That is why we set ourselves the goal to investigate the implementation of the mechanism of imitation in parasocial relations of Ukrainian high school students. In November-December 2020, we surveyed 170 people from 11 regions of Ukraine according to the author's questionnaire "Mechanisms of Parasociality" (Chaplinska-Naidenova). The study raised the question of the formation and functioning of parasocial relations. This article presents its results related to the manifestation of the mechanism of imitation at the level of frequency analysis. First of all, we found that the most popular types of media people among young people are musicians (31.8 %), bloggers (26.5 %), actors (11.8 %), cartoon characters (5.9 %) and heroes of the series (2.9 %). Secondly, we can state the fact that adolescents do choose the media persona as a role model (64.7 %). Third, imitation can be individual or collective (group). Lastly, the parasocial imitation is based on the child's desire not only to self-identify, but also to take a status position in the reference group through demonstrations of behavior patterns of a successful model (media personalities). We see the limitations of our study in the fact that issues related to imitation are purely assertive and external in nature and do not reflect differences in the internal experiences or values of respondents under the influence of parasocial relations. We see further perspectives in the study of illusory mechanisms of parasociality.
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. One of the main tasks in the development of Ukraine as a multi-confessional country with a high level of religious tolerance is to ensure the partnership and harmonic interaction between members of different religious groups and state bodies. The implementation of this task requires the creation of necessary economic, political, ideological and spiritual and cultural tools, and also the existence of effective management institution and its vertical, that would provide effective regulation of state-religious relations in Ukraine. Ukrainian experience shows that the loss of the ability to control the state-religious relations by the state results in interreligious and interfaith conflicts and weakens the national security. These make the study of the tendencies of development of state-religious relations in Ukraine actual. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with. The problems of state-confessional relations are studied by such scholars as: V. Yelenskii, L. Fylypovych, Y. Khavarivskii, S. Reshetnikov, S. Onyshchuk and others. The collective monographies, published by the National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine and by Ukrainian Association of Researchers of Religion have unified character. The purpose (the objective) of this article. The objectives of the study – to analyze the institutional development of state-church relations in Ukraine and define the interrelation between the improvement of interreligious dialogue, work of interreligious and interchurch organizations and the institutional development of state bodies in this area, to work out proposals to enhance the effectiveness of a state body in the sphere of state-church relations. Define and substantiate priority tasks for the State Service of Ukraine for Ethno-Politics and Freedom of Conscience in the sphere of state-church relations. The key results and the background. There is no state-administrative analysis of the effectiveness of work of the state bodies responsible for the state-religious relations in the process of setting up state-church relations, depending on the status of the body and its subordination. Organizational and operational structure of public administration of state-religious processes is one of the types of management institutions, peculiar to states with a multi-confessional composition of the population. This structure is a set of state bodies in unity of the subjects of jurisdiction and competences, and also relevant organizational interrelations that provides integral public management influence on state-religious relations. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. One of the problems in the work of state bodies in the sphere of state church relations was constant transfer of competencies between the central bodies of executive power, and also instability of the very body, responsible for this area. Organizational and functional structure of such bodies was created only with central office but without regional offices. There is no religious community that constitutes the majority in the regions of Ukraine, so the absence of local regional offices leads to the abuse of power by local executive bodies that exercise registration mandate. Religious organizations are becoming more active participants in the establishment of civil society in Ukraine and it requires more active monitoring of the work of religious organizations. Also in addition to the monitoring, the body in the sphere of state-religious relations has to overcome that lack of communication between national communities, religious organizations, and state bodies that was in the previous years. Keywords: civil society; church; religion; politics; state; society; state-religious relations. ; У статті систематизовано інституційний розвиток державного управління у сфері державно-релігійних відносин, прослідковано історичні передумови та практичну необхідність в інституційному упорядкуванні цих відносин в Україні і їхній вплив на регіональний рівень. Розглянуто безперервний розвиток інституційних механізмів регулювання державно-релігійних відносин у різноманітних формах та статусах упродовж незалежності України. Визначено та охарактеризовано фактори, що впливали на державно-релігійні відносини. Проаналізовано проблемидержавного управління у сфері державно-релігійних відносин та надано пропозиції щодо їх розв'язання. Визначено та обґрунтовано зв'язок між державною політикою у сфері державно-релігійних відносин та розвитком екуменічних рухів і створенням міжрелігійних об'єднань. Доведено визначальне значення управлінської діяльності інститутів держави, що регулюють державно-релігійні відносини, у процесі зміцнення релігійного плюралізму, охорони прав релігійних меншин та зменшенні міжрелігійних конфліктів. У статті також досліджено вплив релігійного чинника на забезпечення національної безпеки України в умовах нових викликів і гібридних загроз. Показано вплив політичних чинників на діяльність та обсяг повноважень центральних органів виконавчої влади, до відання яких належали державно-релігійні відносини. Ключові слова: громадянське суспільство; церква; релігія; політика, держава; суспільство; державно-релігійні відносини.
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. One of the main tasks in the development of Ukraine as a multi-confessional country with a high level of religious tolerance is to ensure the partnership and harmonic interaction between members of different religious groups and state bodies. The implementation of this task requires the creation of necessary economic, political, ideological and spiritual and cultural tools, and also the existence of effective management institution and its vertical, that would provide effective regulation of state-religious relations in Ukraine. Ukrainian experience shows that the loss of the ability to control the state-religious relations by the state results in interreligious and interfaith conflicts and weakens the national security. These make the study of the tendencies of development of state-religious relations in Ukraine actual. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with. The problems of state-confessional relations are studied by such scholars as: V. Yelenskii, L. Fylypovych, Y. Khavarivskii, S. Reshetnikov, S. Onyshchuk and others. The collective monographies, published by the National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine and by Ukrainian Association of Researchers of Religion have unified character. The purpose (the objective) of this article. The objectives of the study – to analyze the institutional development of state-church relations in Ukraine and define the interrelation between the improvement of interreligious dialogue, work of interreligious and interchurch organizations and the institutional development of state bodies in this area, to work out proposals to enhance the effectiveness of a state body in the sphere of state-church relations. Define and substantiate priority tasks for the State Service of Ukraine for Ethno-Politics and Freedom of Conscience in the sphere of state-church relations. The key results and the background. There is no state-administrative analysis of the effectiveness of work of the state bodies responsible for the state-religious relations in the process of setting up state-church relations, depending on the status of the body and its subordination. Organizational and operational structure of public administration of state-religious processes is one of the types of management institutions, peculiar to states with a multi-confessional composition of the population. This structure is a set of state bodies in unity of the subjects of jurisdiction and competences, and also relevant organizational interrelations that provides integral public management influence on state-religious relations. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. One of the problems in the work of state bodies in the sphere of state church relations was constant transfer of competencies between the central bodies of executive power, and also instability of the very body, responsible for this area. Organizational and functional structure of such bodies was created only with central office but without regional offices. There is no religious community that constitutes the majority in the regions of Ukraine, so the absence of local regional offices leads to the abuse of power by local executive bodies that exercise registration mandate. Religious organizations are becoming more active participants in the establishment of civil society in Ukraine and it requires more active monitoring of the work of religious organizations. Also in addition to the monitoring, the body in the sphere of state-religious relations has to overcome that lack of communication between national communities, religious organizations, and state bodies that was in the previous years. Keywords: civil society; church; religion; politics; state; society; state-religious relations. ; У статті систематизовано інституційний розвиток державного управління у сфері державно-релігійних відносин, прослідковано історичні передумови та практичну необхідність в інституційному упорядкуванні цих відносин в Україні і їхній вплив на регіональний рівень. Розглянуто безперервний розвиток інституційних механізмів регулювання державно-релігійних відносин у різноманітних формах та статусах упродовж незалежності України. Визначено та охарактеризовано фактори, що впливали на державно-релігійні відносини. Проаналізовано проблемидержавного управління у сфері державно-релігійних відносин та надано пропозиції щодо їх розв'язання. Визначено та обґрунтовано зв'язок між державною політикою у сфері державно-релігійних відносин та розвитком екуменічних рухів і створенням міжрелігійних об'єднань. Доведено визначальне значення управлінської діяльності інститутів держави, що регулюють державно-релігійні відносини, у процесі зміцнення релігійного плюралізму, охорони прав релігійних меншин та зменшенні міжрелігійних конфліктів. У статті також досліджено вплив релігійного чинника на забезпечення національної безпеки України в умовах нових викликів і гібридних загроз. Показано вплив політичних чинників на діяльність та обсяг повноважень центральних органів виконавчої влади, до відання яких належали державно-релігійні відносини. Ключові слова: громадянське суспільство; церква; релігія; політика, держава; суспільство; державно-релігійні відносини.
