Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu sozialer Ungleichheit.
To develop a better understanding of how people in Germany handle the social and political consequences of the Corona (COVID-19) crisis, the Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality" has installed a surveys program with the participation of researchers from several different departments and disciplines at the University of Konstanz (Sociology, Political Science, Economics and Psychology).
The surveys focus on the social and political consequences of the Corona crisis and cover multiple topics, such as the perceived individual and social consequences of the pandemic and the measures taken to contain it, trust in health and social policy and the welfare state, support for government aid given to businesses, gender inequalities, questions of solidarity within the EU, opinions on the "Corona app", on debates on loosening the emergency measures, and on perceived infection risks in the working place.
The survey program took the form of several online surveys conducted in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The surveys were organized in two series, Survey A and B. For each series, three cross-sectional surveys were conducted that included a sample of respondents who were surveyed repeatedly. This dataset is the survey that took place in May 2021. It is the third Wave of Survey A.
The other surveys can also be found in the GESIS repository (https://doi.org/10.7802/2116 , https://doi.org/10.7802/2118 , https://doi.org/10.7802/2334 , https://doi.org/10.7802/2335).
Themen: Detaillierte Charakterisierungen anhand der jeweils gleichen 32-Item-Skala: a) der eigenen Tätigkeit und des eigenen Arbeitsplatzes, b) des Idealbilds einer Berufstätigkeit, c) der Möglichkeiten der Erleichterung und angenehmeren Gestaltung der eigenen Arbeit und d) der Möglichkeiten einer effizienteren Arbeitsleistung; Beschreibung der Abwechslung und der Lernmöglichkeiten im Beruf; Verantwortung im Unternehmen; Grad der Mitbestimmungsmöglichkeiten; adäquater Einsatz eigener Fähigkeiten im derzeitigen Beruf; Vergleich des "Zeitvergehens" bei der Arbeit und in der Freizeit (Skalometer); Arbeitszufriedenheit; Arbeitsorientierung; persönliche Freiheit in der Arbeitsgestaltung (Skalometer); Beurteilung der derzeitigen Arbeitsmarktsituation im Vergleich zur Situation vor 10 Jahren; Veränderungen am eigenen Arbeitsplatz in den letzten 5 Jahren; berufliche Veränderungen aufgrund technologischer Entwicklungen; Beurteilung der Beschäftigungs- und Personallage des Betriebs; Bereitschaft zur Mehrarbeit in Engpaßsituationen; Ausübung von Nebentätigkeiten; Entwurf des Berufslebens; Häufigkeit von Berufswechseln; wichtigste politische Forderungen; eigene Arbeitsethik und vermutete Einstellung der Eltern; Einstellung zum Wirtschaftswachstum sowie Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und Arbeitslosigkeit; Beurteilung der Lohngerechtigkeit im Unternehmen; Einstellung zu einer Veränderung der täglichen Arbeitszeit zugunsten von mehr Urlaub oder verlängerten Wochenenden; Identifikation mit dem Unternehmen; Betriebsverbundenheit und Verbundenheit des Unternehmens mit den Mitarbeitern; Betriebsklima; erfahrene schlechte Behandlung am derzeitigen Arbeitsplatz und eigene Reaktionen darauf; Leistungsmotivation; Reaktion bei Kritik am eigenen Arbeitsplatz; Beurteilung von kooperativem und leistungsorientiertem Führungsstil, gemessen an den eigenen Präferenzen; Beurteilung des Führungsverhaltens der Vorgesetzten im Unternehmen; Einkommenszufriedenheit.
Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Branche des Betriebes; Betriebsgröße; Urbanisierungsgrad.
Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu politischen Einstellungen und der Rolle der Regierung.
With the project "Conflict Lines in the Federal State" we investigated the controversial but little explored question of the extent to which political structures dampen conflicts, or whether concordance only contributes to a balance once the conflicts in society have already peaked. The case study Switzerland was used to investigate: - the evolution and development of the lines of conflict; - the clashes of interests as they emerged at the level of the political elite as well as possible connections between the behaviour of political parties in the voting struggle and the voting behaviour of the population; - the forerunning or following up of political integration in relation to institutional change towards concordance; - the political practice of the Swiss governing parties over time and how strongly this practice corresponds to the model of concordance. The central thesis of concordance theory was that political stability can be achieved in socio-structurally heterogeneous societies if, firstly, the political elites behave cooperatively and, secondly, they are able to convince their respective social basis of the compromises achieved. The four cleavages identified by Lipset and Rokkan in 1967 and the "new" lines of conflict identified by various researchers who have further developed the Cleavage concept are regarded as structural opposites that have led to ongoing conflicts of interest and ultimately to the formation of different parties in Western Europe. For Switzerland, seven normative lines of conflict have emerged over a longer period of time, namely the opposites church-state, federalism-centralism, the conflict between the various language groups, the conflict dimensions urban-rural, labour-capital, "materialism-post-materialism" and "modernisation-tradition".
The Relational Export Dataset "RED" provides comparable dyadic trade data between nation-states for the period 1870 - present. This dataset is built in accordance with the analytical focus of the DFG-funded "Collaborative Research Centre 1342 - Global Dynamics of Social Policy" (CRC 1342). In principle, this large-scale project follows an interdependence-centered approach to explain the diffusion of governmental social policies from 1880 to the present. Trade linkages are an explanatory variable in this respect (Windzio et al., 2022). This requires temporally consistent data on interstate linkages for the largest possible sample of countries. So far, there has been no data set that meets these requirements. We, therefore, introduce a dataset which combines trade data from UN Comtrade (Comtrade, 2022), UNCTAD (UNCTAD, 2021), and the Correlates of War (COW) Project (Barbieri and Keshk, 2016). Unlike most databases, the data here does not represent absolute monetary trade volumes in a given currency. Rather, the data depicts the ratio of trade flows between two countries and the total exports of the specific exporting country. Hence, we measure trade in relational terms weighted by the respective importance of trading partners for one another. These relations are estimated from both an export and an import-oriented point of view; in this technical description, however, we focus on the ratios estimated solely with export values.
The Relational Export Dataset "RED" provides comparable dyadic trade data between nation-states for the period 1870 - present. This dataset is built in accordance with the analytical focus of the DFG-funded "Collaborative Research Centre 1342 - Global Dynamics of Social Policy" (CRC 1342). In principle, this large-scale project follows an interdependence-centered approach to explain the diffusion of governmental social policies from 1880 to the present. Trade linkages are an explanatory variable in this respect (Windzio et al., 2022). This requires temporally consistent data on interstate linkages for the largest possible sample of countries. So far, there has been no data set that meets these requirements. We, therefore, introduce a dataset which combines trade data from UN Comtrade (Comtrade, 2022), UNCTAD (UNCTAD, 2021), and the Correlates of War (COW) Project (Barbieri and Keshk, 2016). Unlike most databases, the data here does not represent absolute monetary trade volumes in a given currency. Rather, the data depicts the ratio of trade flows between two countries and the total exports of the specific exporting country. Hence, we measure trade in relational terms weighted by the respective importance of trading partners for one another. These relations are estimated from both an export and an import-oriented point of view; in this technical description, however, we focus on the ratios estimated solely with export values.
The Swiss PILOT ISSP 2017 SOCIAL NETWORKS survey is the pretest survey of the 2017 version of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP; http://www.issp.org) about 'Social Networks' realized in Switzerland. The survey focuses on social resources and support, contact frequency with family and friends and diversity and hierarchy of personal network. Issues such as access and mobilization of social relations, perception and justification of social inequalities, perceived integration, norms of obligation and reciprocity and social strain are also covered. This pilot has been realized in Switzerland, Germany, China, Venezuela, Taiwan, Turkey and the Unites States of America with the scope to pretest and finalize the questionnaire for the main survey in 2017. In Switzerland, the pilot has surveyed just over a thousand residents, between the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 through a paper questionnaire. The main ISSP survey is conducted every year in more than 40 countries over the world. Every edition of the ISSP covers a specific theme, which is repeated at a regular interval. In Switzerland, the ISSP modules are included in the MOSAiCH survey (Measurement and Observation of Social Attitudes in Switzerland; http://forscenter.ch/en/our-surveys/international-surveys/mosaich-issp-2/). The "ISSP 2017 Social Networks III" module will be integrated in the MOSAiCH 2017 survey along with the ISSP 2016 module 'Role of Government' to be fielded in spring/summer 2017 with a representative sample of the resident Swiss population. Most questions of the present pilot survey will be fielded identically or slightly amended in the main survey in 2017 in all ISSP countries.
Political attitudes as well as judgement on parties and politicians in the Federal Republic.
Topics: most important problems of the Federal Republic; judgement on one´s own and the general economic situation; issue relevance; issue-ability of the parties; attitude to selected political topics such as e.g. nuclear energy, the death penalty for terrorists, directing the economy, abortion and restriction of civil rights; postmaterialism index; knowledge about the time of the next Federal Parliament election; importance of result of Federal Parliament election for oneself; party preference (ballot procedure); preference for federal chancellor; not desired federal chancellor; behavior at the polls with other candidates for chancellor than Schmidt and Strauss; trust in the leadership role of the USA; fear of war (scale); preferred chancellor given a hypothetical international crisis situation; attitude to founding of the Greens; attitude to voting for the Greens in a Federal Parliament election; assumed taking seats in Parliament by the Greens as well as a tax party; self-classification on a left-right continuum; sympathy scale for the political parties and leading politicians in the Federal Republic; judgement on social-liberal coalition and opposition in Bonn; party inclination; party identification; satisfaction with democracy in the Federal Republic; attitude to a grand coalition; self-assessment of social class; trust in the action of the Federal Government; Federal Government in the service of the public interest or special interest groups; the right to political opposition and personal understanding of democracy (scale); judgement on the relationship between taxpayer and tax office; judgement on tax equity and honesty in paying taxes; trust in the the judiciary; assumed equality of all citizens before the law; personal court experiences and judgement on the court decision; association with policemen and prestige of the police; attitude to authorities and conduct in contact with authorities (scale); judgement on the possibilities of political participation; complexity of political events; assessment of the relation between voter and politician or the parties; personal political interest and activities; importance of participation in politics; attitude to selected protest measures and judgement on the effectiveness of such measures; personal participation and intent to participate in protest measures; assumed winner of the next Federal Parliament election; frequency of conversations about politics and the Federal Parliament election.
Demography: ZUMA standard demography: age; sex; marital status; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; school education; vocational training; occupational position; employment; area of business of company; company size; household income; sources of income; composition of household; residential status; interest in politics; behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election; regional origins; memberships.
Interviewer rating: type of city; degree of urbanization; presence of others during the interview; interventions by other persons in the interview; willingness to cooperate and reliability of respondent; time of interview.
Also encoded was: availablilty of respondent on various weekdays; interviewer identity; length of interview; day of interview.
The governments' mitigation measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic are unprecedented in our post-war history. For overcoming this crisis, citizens are expected to act in solidarity in order to control the spread of the virus and keep public health systems functional. At the same time, they are called to cope with confinement, limitations of their freedom (movement, religion etc.) and economic activity. SAFE-19 provides a social sciences perspective on the concept of solidarity which has become a central claim for the fight against COVID-19.
What are the sources and the scope of solidarity when society as a whole is faced with nearly impossible trade-offs? and What are the conditions that enable a political community to act in solidarity and support solidary measures within the nation state and within the EU? Using different trade-offs, the project examines how societal solidarity is addressed, reflected and socially perceived in the different phases of the crisis. The closure of large parts of the retail trade and gastronomy, perceived as a "lock-down", play just as important a role as compliance with the obligation to wear a mask and different attitudes towards vacation trips and their possible follow-up costs.
Deutsch:
Die von der Regierung ergriffenen Maßnahmen im Kampf gegen die COVID-19-Pandemie sind beispiellos in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik. Um die Kapazitäten des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens nicht überzustrapazieren und um die Verbreitung des Virus zu kontrollieren, wird von den Bürger_innen solidarisches Handeln erwartet. Gleichzeitig sind sie dazu angehalten, Einschränkungen ihrer Freiheiten, besonders ihrer Bewegungsfreiheit, sowie wirtschaftliche Härten zu akzeptieren. SAFE-19 blickt aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive auf das Konzept der Solidarität, welches im Kontext dieser außergewöhnlichen Situation eine zentrale Rolle spielt.
Was sind die Grundlagen und das Ausmaß der Solidarität, wenn die Gesellschaft als Ganzes mit der Abwägung zwischen gleichermaßen folgeschweren Alternativen konfrontiert wird? Welche Umstände ermöglichen es einer politischen Gemeinschaft, in Solidarität zu handeln und Solidaritätsmaßnahmen im eigenen Land und innerhalb der EU zu unterstützen? Anhand unterschiedlicher Güterabwägungen (Trade-offs) untersucht das Projekt, wie gesellschaftliche Solidarität in den unterschiedlichen Phasen der Krise adressiert, reflektiert und gesellschaftlich perzipiert wird. Die als "Lock-down" empfundene Schließung von großen Teilen des Einzelhandels und der Gastronomie spielen dabei ebenso eine Rolle wie die Befolgung der Maskentragepflicht und unterschiedlicher Einstellungen zu Urlaubsreisen und deren eventuellen Folgekosten.
The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset. CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA: Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire. Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country. Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month. DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district. MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.
Political attitudes and behaviour. Government and political systems. Conflicts, security and peace. Health condition. Socio-economic and demographic issues.
Topics: happiness; comparison of personal life in general with the time a year ago and expectations for the future; assessment of household standard of living compared with other households in the community and expected standard of living in a year; free choice and control over one´s own life; health condition: self-assessment of health condition; health impairments in the last 12 months; average duration of sleep; average duration of falling asleep; general confidence in people; attitudes towards nature and the environment; preferred distribution of public funds among health care, education, telecommunications, more trees, provision of water, roads or electricity and public services; assessment of the country´s overall situation in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period before February, 17th and expectations for the future in one year and ten years; retrospective assessment of the revolution in Libya; political interest; change of political interest in the last twelve months; political participation including the acceptance of violent political actions; importance of tribes for Libya´s political future; political movements (e. g. Muslim brotherhood) that should and should not play a role in the country´s political future; awareness of different persons, organisations and institutions; institutional confidence; preferred future structure of the country; opinion on the distribution of income from oil production within Libya; prerequisites for more hard work of the Libyan population; country that could serve as a model for Libya; countries and organisations that have the most influence or should not have any influence at all on the future of Libya (ranking order); opinion on the separation of politics and religion in a new Libyan government; ranking of the countries with the greatest contribution to the deprivation of power of the old regime, and country that was least helpful; opinion on the role of Germany during the revolution in Libya; change of personal opinion on Germany compared to the time before the Libyan Revolution; current needs for Libya and within the next twelve months and five years (strong Libyan leader, a group of strong Libyan leaders, National Transitional Council, government of religious leaders or Libyan military leaders, Western-style or Libyan-style democracy, Libyan government of experts or managers); political tasks that should have priority and should not have priority (e. g. combating crime, obtaining jobs, rebuilding of infrastructure, etc.); opinion on how to deal with supporters and actual members of the former regime; participation of citizens in the country´s development versus leaders´ choice; leeway for ordinary citizens to influence political decisions at local and national level; most appropriate sources of policy information; sympathy scale for selected countries (Germany, UK, USA, Russia, France and Iran).
Demography: sex; age; marital status; household size; education of the respondent; current employment status; current or last profession; employment sector; mother tongue; language spoken at home; other language (s); net household income; household equipment (e. g. air conditioning, bicycle, car, iron, agricultural machinery and farm animals, refrigerator, motorcycle, telephone etc.); nationality; ethnic background; religion.
Additionally coded was: questionnaire ID; interviewer´s estimated age of respondent; administrative district; urban/rural residential area; interview date (day, month, year); interview day; interview accompanied by a supervisor; number of recalls; interview retrospectively reviewed and method; interview start and end; interview length; type of residence; respondent´s behaviour during the interview; age groups; income groups; weighting factors.
This project investigates the discourse about digitization of higher education and research in Swiss policy debates. In general, the discourse about higher education and research has been fundamentally shaped by digitization in the last decade. Universities, scientific academies, business groups and state actors formulated digital strategies and action plans to cope with the "chances and challenges of digitization for higher education and research", as one report by the SERI stated. The debate goes far beyond the narrower field of the data sciences but marks it in various respects as a "strategic research area" (ETH Board 2016) or a fundamental "enabling technology" (SERI 2017). The discussion about digitization is part of sociotechnical imaginaries: Political, economic, and scientific actors create visions of the future in which social relations of and to digital technologies are described and framed (Jasanoff 2015; Jasanoff & Kim 2015; Meyer 2020). The future scenarios designed in the context of the digitization discourse are analysed as a case study of a collective conception of society based on statements by political, economic, and scientific actors. The formulation of political strategies and goals and the adoption of measures involve both discursive and non-discursive practices: By outlining the future development of societal domains, political actors also value and allocate attention, financial and other resources (Beckert 2016; Jasanoff 2015). The data basis for the study is formed by strategies documents and reports by actors in Swiss higher education and research policy (N=34). The period of the documents investigated ranges from 1998 to 2020, with most of them published after 2014. Since the documents from 2014 onward increasingly address "Big Data" and "Data Science" as well as their legal, economic, and educational aspects in education and research policy, this period forms the focus of the analysis. All documents were coded and analysed using qualitative content analysis to identify the relevant topics and social, i.e. political, economic, or technological dimensions in the corpus.
Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Religion und religiöser Identität.
