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This article discusses the process of implementation and installation of the University School of the Federal University of Maranhão in the context of modernizing teaching in the state (1960/1970) and its transfer and restructuring to the peripheral neighborhood of Vila Palmeira in São Luís as an Application School. The political and educational situation that made it possible to remove this integrated unit from the university campus as a school modality restricted to a small and selective clientele, for a poor community on the outskirts of the capital, is analyzed. The confrontations between strategies imposed by the state's educational policy/functionalist management and tactics of appropriation of teachers, employees, students, leaderships and community organizations belonging to a local culture, which in function of interconnected interests, defended the institution as an instance of belonging, permanence and survival, are pointed out. Newspapers, legislation and documentation from the school archive are used as sources guided by the theoretical-methodological reference of cultural history. It is concluded that the constant defense of the local community, teachers and employees by the role/place of the School of Application as a symbolic and concrete image of overcoming in this suburban neighborhood and its effectiveness as a school-laboratory, internship field and space for permanent and adult education, is a currency of exchange for these individuals to have access to the market of symbolic goods and a path to capitalize on possibilities of social ascension through schooling success. ; En este artículo se debate el proceso de implantación e instalación del Colegio Universitario de la Universidad Federal de Maranhão en el contexto de modernización de la enseñanza en el estado (1960/1970) y de su transferencia e reestruturación para el barrio periférico de la Vila Palmeira en São Luís como Colegio de Aplicación. Se analisa la conyuntura político-educacional que viabilizó la remoción de esta unidad integrada ...

This article is dedicated to identifying and problematizing issues involving PopularEducation and the State, based on the analysis of research carried out in the field of Popular Education.The emergence of popular governments in Latin America, starting in the 2000s, produces changes in the way that Popular Education actors relate to the State, presenting new challenges and questions forthe subjects that make up this field. Based on this understanding, an in-depth study of doctoral theses iscarried out that present analyses focusing on Popular Education and the State, establishing somerelationship between them. The research selected works defended between the years 2000 and 2013, ingraduate programs in education of Brazilian universities, configuring itself as a contribution to a state ofthe art on the themes in question. It is a theoretical-bibliographic research based on a critical-dialecticaltheoretical approach. In general, it is possible to state that, in the studies analysed, the ability of PopularEducation, as a political-pedagogical practice, to contribute to the transformation of capitalist society isthe key issue that permeates all debates. The results of the research, among other elements, are theexistence of a dispute of meanings and objectives, with regard to Popular Education; the predominanceof the finding of shared responsibility in the execution or formulation of government policies andprograms, with regard to the relationship between Popular Education and the State; the concentrationof analyses on the impacts and implications that such shares bring to social and popular organizationsand movements. ; Este artigo se dedica a identificar e a problematizar questões envolvendo a EducaçãoPopular e o Estado, partindo da análise de pesquisas realizadas no campo da Educação Popular. Aemergência de governos populares na América Latina, a partir dos anos 2000, produz alterações naforma como os atores da Educação Popular se relacionam com o Estado, apresentando novos desafiose questões para os sujeitos que ...

This research aims to identify and analyze the critical success factors (CSF) of information technology outsourcing (ITO) in a Brazilian municipal public agency. The success factors of ITO were identified through a systematic literature view, which retrieved 314 articles from the ACM and IEEE databases, 30 of which met the research protocol criteria. The Delphi technique was used as a research method to determine the CSF based on the success factors identified in the literature. The Delphi panel included thirty-five experts, and the data were collected in 2018. The results indicate the existence of six CSF information technology outsourcing: Communication, Technical Ability, Commitment, Conformity, Context and Confidence. The survey also identified that the processes of implementation, and the behavior between the client and the supplier, play a more critical role in the success of the ITO than hiring processes. The research suggests that contractual clauses, while important, are not sufficient to guarantee the success of ITO initiatives. Moreover, theories with a social perspective contribute more than economic theories when it comes to analyzing ITO in public agencies. ; Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y analisar los factores críticos de éxito (FCS) de la tercerización de la tecnología de la información (TTI) en un órgano público municipal brasileño. Los factores de éxito de la TTI fueron identificados por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, la cual extrajo 314 artículos de las bases de datos ACM y IEEE, de los cuales 30 artículos atendieron al protocolo de la investigación. Se utilizó la técnica Delphi como método de investigación para determinar FCS a partir de los factores de éxito identificados en la literatura. El panel Delphi contó con 35 especialistas, y los datos fueron recolectados en 2018. Los resultados señalan la existencia de seis FCS en la TTI: Comunicación, Capacidad, Comprometimiento, Conformidad, Contexto y Confianza. Además, la investigación identificó que ...

1. Considerações gerais1.1. Conceito de empresa públicaA doutrina brasileira, até há bem pouco tempo, conceituava a empresa pública com a preocupação única e exclusiva de lhe caracterizar o regime jurídico de Direito Privado, que lhe é conatural e saliente.Entretanto, ultimamente, já se começa a sublinhar a incidência de normas de Direito Administrativo sobre elas.Caio Tácito refere-se às empresas públicas em sentido lato,".como pessoas jurídicas de Direito Privado, regidas a um tempo pelo Direito Comercial, e pelo Direito Administrativo, criadas nos moldes da lei comercial comum, sob a forma de sociedade por ações, iniciando-se sua existência com o arquivamento dos atos constitutivos no registro do comércio, dependendo sua instituição de prévia autorização legislativa, porque envolve aplicação de uma determinada incumbência do Estado" (cf. As empresas públicas no Brasil,RDA86/433).J. Cretella Jr. definiu-a da seguinte maneira:"Empresa pública é o instituto jurídico estatal de Direito Privado mediante o qual o Poder Público desempenha (a) quer atividades econômicas, industriais ou comerciais, competindo com o particular, (b) quer atividades administrativas, descentralizando os serviços típicos, antes confiados a entidades públicas ou privadas, de outra índole (concessionárias, permissionárias ou entidades autárquicas)" (cf.Administração Indireta Brasileira, p. 287-288).Portanto, no conceito de empresa pública há que se distinguir sua natureza jurídica pelo objeto social que lhe foi imposto pela lei. Afirmamos mesmo que há dois tipos de empresa pública, conforme atue no campo econômico ou no dos serviços públicos (vide:Mukai,Direito Administrativo e Empresas do Estado, Forense, 1984).Cotrim Neto sublinhou bem esse aspecto, na linha de Zanobini:"Para nós – aliás, esse é também o pensamento de Zanobini – o fim, o escopo, da pessoa jurídica há de ser o elemento principal (embora não exclusivo) para a conceituação de sua natureza jurídica: se ela tem a fisionomia de entidade estatal, usa processos de Direito Público, ...

This article deals with the economics and controversies on the economic policy of the second Getúlio Vargasadministration (1951-1954) and the João Goulart administration (1961-1964), as well as their respective historical meanings. Despite conjunctural differences when Goulart took office as President, it is known that it did not differ greatly from the economic context in which Vargas resumed his government in 1951: rising inflation and a slowing trend in GDP growth rates. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which, along with the mandate, added to the worsening external accounts situation, with a balance of payments deficit and difficulties in attracting external capital. In spite of the differences, both governments had tragic outcomes, with negative political and social consequences. Based on the various interpretations of the economic policy throughout these periods, the hypothesis that both Vargas and Goulart fit into the concept of economic populism, established in the literature, is refuted. ; Este artigo tem por objeto a economia e as controvérsias sobre a política econômica do segundo governo Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) e do governo João Goulart (1961-1964), bem como seus respectivos significados históricos. Apesar das diferenças conjunturais quando da posse de Goulart na Presidência da República, sabe-se que ela não diferia em grandes traços do contexto econômico em que Vargas reassumiu o governo, em 1951: inflação crescente e tendência de desaceleração das taxas de crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), às quais se somaram, ao longo do mandato, ao agravamento da situação das contas externas, com déficit no balanço de pagamentos e dificuldades para atração de capitais externos. Guardadas as diferenças, ambos os governos tiveram desfechos trágicos, com consequências políticas e sociais negativas. Partindo das diferentes interpretações acerca da política econômica ao longo desses períodos, refuta-se, assim, a hipótese de que tanto Vargas quanto Goulart se enquadrem no conceito de populismo econômico consagrado pela literatura.

Este artigo visa contribuir para as reflexões sobre a construção de uma pesquisa nacional, no Brasil, que aborde a relação entre trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores. Uma pesquisa que produza conhecimentos para subsidiar as ações dos atores sociais nos seus diferentes espaços, como o da negociação coletiva e da construção de políticas públicas, e sobre os determinantes do processo saúde-doença, dado que, se a sociedade tiver como objetivo resolver o problema do sofrimento, do adoecimento e dos acidentes vinculados ao trabalho, não será possível manter o foco apenas nas consequências desses eventos, sendo necessário também atuar sobre suas causas. Para realizar tal reflexão, será utilizado a European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), aplicada nos países da União Europeia (UE) desde 1990, que traz informações sobre como as diferentes dimensões do trabalho vêm impactando a saúde dos trabalhadores, servindo como importante referência para a elaboração de políticas públicas objetivando melhoria das condições de vida e trabalho dos trabalhadores europeus. ; This article is a contribution to the ongoing discussion concerning the desirability of a national enquiry in Brazil that would study the relationship between work and worker's health. This enquiry would supply data to bolster social partner's actions in their diverse environments, such as collective bargaining and public policies. Better understanding the determinant factors in the health-sickness process provides essential knowledge for curbing ever increasing work-related suffering, sickness and accidents. One should not only focus on the consequences, but also on the causes of these problems. We based our approach on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which has been implemented in all EU countries since 1990. This survey allows a better understanding of how varying work aspects can impact worker's health and has become essential reference when developing public policies seeking to improve living conditions for European workers.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre as recentes políticas públicas e educacionais brasileiras e a tentativa de naturalização da ideologia dos grupos dominantes, em detrimento à legitimação da pluralidade epistemológica de grupos marginalizados e/ou contrários a tal pensamento uniformizador. A partir das teorias de decolonialidade (CASTRO-GÓMEZ; GROSFOGUEL, 2007; LANDER, 2005; MIGNOLO, 2009; MORENO, 2005; SOUSA SANTOS, 2010), discuto as relações de submissão, subordinação e exclusão promovidas pelas políticas educacionais recentes. Em seguida, busco problematizar o papel da educação para o desenvolvimento da criticidade e da construção do conhecimento corporificado, isto é, construído a partir de corpos atravessados por diferentes identidades culturais, sociais, linguísticas, de raça e de gênero, e concluo ressaltando a importância do ensino da língua inglesa como uma tarefa política que desenvolva o questionamento, o pensamento crítico e o respeito à diversidade epistemológica. ; This article looks at the recent Brazilian public educational policies and the attempt to naturalize the ideology of dominant groups that are opposed to the legitimization of the epistemological diversity of marginalized groups and/or opponents of their beliefs. Based on the Freirean approach and decolonial theories (CASTRO-GÓMEZ; GROSFOGUEL, 2007; LANDER, 2005; MIGNOLO, 2009; MORENO, 2005; SOUSA SANTOS, 2010), I discuss the relationships of submission, subordination, and exclusion promoted by the recent educational policies in Brazil. Furthermore, I seek to problematize the role of education to develop critique and the construction of embodied knowledge, i.e. knowledge built by bodies that have different political, cultural, social, linguistic, racial and gender identities. I conclude by emphasizing the importance of rethinking the role of English in our contemporary society as well as the ethos of teacher education and the teaching of English itself as a political task which promotes inquiry, critical thinking, and respect to the epistemological diversity.

The international movement for health promotion began in the 1980s. The I International Conference on Health Promotion, November 1986, in Ottawa, Canada, signals the historical milestone for the paradigm shift. Discussions based on the Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care in the WHO document on Health for All, as well as on the debate at the World Health Assembly, originated the "The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion"(1). According to the document: "Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health."1 Promoting health is now an obligation in the various health systems, articulated to actions that aim to respond to the diversity of social needs not dissociated from human potentialities. In the new paradigm of intervention of the health sector the approach goes beyond national considerations, appealing to the participation of actors and partnerships and the articulation between research and clinical practice. In this pact, everyone will have a role to play in disseminating reference practices - citizens, health professionals, educators, workers in the various sectors, municipalities and the Government(2). Changes in the coming years will pose challenges for all sectors of society (from education, the environment, the economy, the quality of services and skills of professionals), where policies will play an important role for their demands on health promotion(3). The research that has been done in this context highlights that the specific regional needs identified during the policy-building process reinforce the wealth of developing, in an innovative, democratic and participatory way, actions that can give meaning to health promotion. It is the example of the study that announces the sustainability of public health promotion policies, highlighting the formation of collaborative networks, as well as political and legislative consistency that allows the continuity of interventions(4). Other studies, based on review processes in the political area, state ...

Os anos 1960 foram convulsivos em grande parte do mundo. Lembrado como a era da imaginação e das revoluções políticas e sociais, no Brasil, esse percurso que foi interrompido pelo Golpe Militar de 1964, cortando de forma abrupta os vínculos que fundavam a ação política e a criatividade da vida intelectual. Pensando naqueles anos sugiro para essa resenha o filme O outro lado do paraíso (2014), de André Ristum, e o documentário Marighella (2012), de Isa Grinspum Ferraz. O filme foi baseado na obra homônima de Luiz Fernando Emediato, escrita em homenagem a seu pai, Antônio Trindade, e o documentário de Isa Grinspum Ferraz, realizado em homenagem a seu tio Carlos Marighella. A escolha dos filmes é uma oportunidade para conhecermos duas personagens que sonharam e tentaram realizar seus sonhos no Brasil dos anos 1960. Uma anônima e a outra conhecida, duas personagens igualmente atropeladas em seus sonhos e banidas da mesma história. ; The 1960s were convulsive around the world. Remembered as the era of imagination and of political and social revolutions, in Brazil, this journey was interrupted by the 1964 Military Coup, which abruptly cut the links that founded the political action and the creativity of the intellectual life. Thinking of those years I suggest for this review the film The Other Side of Paradise (2014), by André Ristum, and the documentary Marighella (2012), by Isa Grinspum Ferraz. The film was based on the homonymous book by Luiz Fernando Emediato, written in tribute to his father, Antônio Trindade, and the documentary by Isa Grinspum Ferraz was filmed in honor of her Uncle Carlos Marighella. The choice of films is an opportunity to learn about two characters who dreamed and tried to fulfill their dreams in the 1960s, in Brazil. One character is anonymous and the other is known, but both have their dreams ran over and got banished from the same history.

Amid globalization, traditional products with low adaptability lose market share. Considering that one of the main limitation of traditional products is their marketability under minimum quality standards, the following question arises: Is it possible to obtain traditional products with a level of quality recognizable by consumers? In the EU the answer for this question is found mainly in context of the protected designations of origin (PDO). APDO status adds quality to the product by the value of its own identity,re?ecting the quality standards expected by the consumer.The main objective of this work is to develop a proposal to obtain a PDO in Ecuador, studying the general principles of a designation of origin in Ecuador and comparing them with the European vision of a PDO of animal origin.Therefore, this paper de?nes the commercial, social, and agricultural aspects of the implementation of a PDO. Using an interregional approach, several products eligible for carrying the PDO seal are compared, and the legal framework for implementation in Ecuador is considered. Finally, a list of conditions based on the "Queso de Hoja de Cayambe" (Cayambe "string" cheese) has been developed, which could be used as a benchmark for implementation of a PDO on other products.The conclusion is that to implement a PDO in Ecuador, administrative ?exibility, political will,and scienti?c engagement are needed. This study may be used as a preliminary tool for the development of community projects focused on livestock agriculture and food products. Keywords: Quality, PDO, identity, Ecuador, EU. ; La poca adaptabilidad de los productos tradicionales frente a la globalización hace que pierdan mercado. Dado que una de las principales limitaciones para estos productos es su comercialización bajo estándares mínimos de calidad, surge la pregunta ¿Es posible obtener productos tradicionales con una calidad reconocible? En la UE la respuesta a esta pregunta se encuentra básicamente en el marco de las Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas (DOP). Una ...

Objective: This study aimed at identifying, within the scientific evidences, the activities that characterize the psychologist's performance in the Primary Health Care context. Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out between August and December 2015, in accordance with PRISMA protocol guidelines. "Psychology", "Performance" and "Primary Health Care" were used as descriptors in the Virtual Health Library. Direct search using the keywords "Psychology in Primary Health Care" was the strategy adopted in the databases SciELO, LILACS and Index Psi Technical-Scientific Journals. The eligibility criteria were: a) publishing vehicles: indexed journals; b) publishing period: 2010-2014; c) language: Portuguese, English or Spanish; d) study type: empirical studies, experience reports, case studies; e) methodological quality: researches that precisely define their participants, instruments, procedures and study type. The search for articles was conducted following a thorough analysis of the abstracts of the retrieved researches, consisting in a search for studies related to the psychologist's performance in the Primary Health Care context and that met the previously established eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 107 articles was initially found but, after reading the abstracts, the number reached a total of 11, whose full textswere read. The data indicated the emergence of two broader forms of psychologist's performance within the Primary Health Care: performance in the Family Health Strategy and as a professional of the Family Health Support Center. Conclusion: Despite the several daily challenges, it is noticeable the implementation of practices that take into account the aspects related to the subjectivity, as well as the social, historical, economic, political and cultural aspects. ; Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar em las evidencias científicas las actividades que caracterizan la actuación del psicólogo en el contexto de la Atención Básica de Salud. Métodos: Se trata de una ...

Numa União Europeia ainda muito desigual em termos económicos e sociais, a autora reclama por uma maior convergência entre a cidadania e os direitos fundamentais, por forma a tornar o cidadão europeu um ser mais completo, titular de direitos associados ao estatuto de cidadania europeia, incluindo os direitos consagrados no artigo 20º do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia (não discriminação, circulação, residência, participação política e cívica, proteção diplomática) e os direitos previstos na Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia e na Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem e das Liberdades Fundamentais. A autora enfatiza a importância do estatuto de cidadania europeiaenquanto instrumento da tutela dos direitos e elemento de coesão entre os cidadãos da União – e, neste contexto, proclama a jurisprudência do homenageado Conselheiro Cunha Rodrigues como precursora de uma nova dimensão da cidadania da União e do consequente alargamento do âmbito de aplicação do direito da União Europeia. ; In a European Union still ridden with social and economic imbalances, the author calls for greater convergence between citizenship and fundamental rights in order to make the European citizen a more complete being, enjoying rights resulting from the European citizenship status, including the rights enshrined in Article 20 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (non-discrimination, freedom of movement, residence, political and civic participation, diplomatic protection) and the rights listed in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The author emphasizes the importance of the European citizenship status as an instrument of protection of rights and an element of cohesion among Union citizens – and, in this context, highlights the case law of the honoree Judge Cunha Rodrigues as a precursor to a new dimension of Union citizenship and the consequent widening of the scope of European Union law.

The health promotion action means, described by the 1986 Ottawa Charter, highlights the creation of supportive environments for health(1). Following this line of reasoning, several strategies have been adopted for implementing health promotion policies, including the Health Promoting School. In 1995, the Pan American Health Organization / Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) officially launched the Regional Health Promoting School Initiative. Since then, all the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have strengthened school health promotion actions, rethinking school health activities(2). To become a Health Promoting School, the institution must take a comprehensive view of human beings – especially children and adolescents – in their familiar, community and social environment. It must provide a healthy environment, building constructive and harmonious relationships and hence being able to awaken skills and attitudes within participants, fostering autonomy, creativity and participation of students and also the whole school community(3). Never before has so much been said about health and health promotion as today, i.e., there is a need for promoting health at school as an element for changing reality. The school plays an important political role within this context for being a place where ideology can be constructed, destroyed or perpetuated through the transmission of values and beliefs, besides being an environment that favors the development of health education actions. Childhood is the defining moment for the construction and solidification of habits and attitudes, hence the importance of school as an environment that enhances the development of a targeted, systematized and permanent work. "Through the Health Promoting School Initiative, school health has a chance to move forward and expand its conception and practices with a comprehensive and interdisciplinary view of the human being within a broader community, environmental and political context"(4:6). The ...

Objective: To analyze the perception of pregnant and postpartum women about their experiences in the waiting room. Methods: A descriptive analytic study, of qualitative approach, conducted in a Primary Health Care Unit integrated into the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família-PSF) in a municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data was collected in December 2011, through interviews with open and closed questions, and was analyzed using content analysis technique. The sample consisted of 10 women, seven of them being pregnant and three in postpartum period; all having received prenatal care and taken part in waiting room activities from September to December 2011. Results: According to the participants' perception, the waiting room is a space of attentiveness, promoter of tranquility, understanding and clarification of questions related to pregnancy and childbirth process. Conclusions: The formation of health education groups intermediated by problem-based dialogue, aiming to promote reciprocal learning and teaching, with focus on the extensive concept of health, is a relevant issue in the waiting room. It is also important to highlight the need to accomplish continuing education initiatives involving healthcare professionals, centered on a questioning approach of social reality and services, along with the integration of managerial, educational and political aspects. This shall contribute to the real construction of politicized knowledge in health, as report the official documents of health and education sphere. ; Objetivos: Analizar las percepciones de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas acerca de sus experiencias en la sala de espera. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, analítico, de abordaje cualitativo realizado en una Unidad Básica de Salud integrada en La Estrategia Salud para la Familia (ESF) en un municipio del interior del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos fueron recopilados en diciembre de 2011 a través de entrevistas com preguntas abiertas y cerradas analizadas ...

Aims: To commemorate the centennial of the geriatrics, the authors present a review of the population aging, the elderly individual, the characteristics of the geriatric medicine, and its history. Source of data: A throughout review of the literature found on MedLine and LILACS, as well as textbooks, dissertations, thesis, and government directives was performed. Summary of the findings: Geriatrics is the area of medicine that cares for the health and treatment of diseases in old age, which works with physical, mental, functional and social aspects in the acute, chronic, rehabilitative, preventive and palliative care of the elderly. Geriatrics goes beyond "medicine centered on organs and systems", offering holistic treatment by interdisciplinary teams with the principal objective of optimizing functional capacity and improvement of quality of life and autonomy of the elderly, which make up the core of this medical specialty. Geriatrics, in daily assistance practice, works with particular questions such as: the heterogeneity of patients and of scenarios of care; concomitance of multiple diseases/disorders (plurimorbidity), including geriatric syndromes ("the giants of geriatrics"); difficulty of identifying all the problems (iceberg phenomenon); polypharmacy; fragility; vulnerability; the various losses that the elderly show; and terminality. Conclusions: Geriatrics refers to the medical specialty responsible for the clinical aspects of aging and for the various forms of health care necessary for the elderly. Because of the complexity allied to the aging process, geriatrics has become an intriguing, challenging and contemporaneous specialty. ; Objetivos: para comemorar o centenário da Geriatria, os autores apresentam uma revisão sobre o fenômeno do envelhecimento, o indivíduo idoso, as características da medicina geriátrica e um resumo da sua história. Fonte de dados: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura através de artigos localizados nas bases MedLine e LILACS, além de livros, dissertações, teses e diretrizes ...