Suchergebnisse

Over the last fifty years, French public authorities have played a major role in developing a policy for scientific and technical information (STI) in France. Four distinct periods can be identified. During the first from 1955 to 1973, policy was dominated by de Gaulle's concern to combat American hegemony and, since that time, STI policy has always been considered a part of French global politics. The second period from 1973 to 1982 saw the construction of the national STI infrastructure which was followed by a focus on content and database coordination up to 1993. Since that date, France's policy has been marked by the deregulation of telecommunications and the privatization of public services. The question addressed in this paper concerns the current role of public authorities in preparing French society for active participation in the knowledge society. ; Au cours des cinquante dernières années, les pouvoirs publics français ont joué un rôle important en développant une politique pour l'information scientifique et technique (IST) en France. Quatre périodes distinctes peuvent être identifiées. Pendant la première période, de 1955 à 1973, la politique a été dominée par le souci du Président de Gaulle de combattre l'hégémonie américaine et, depuis cette époque, la politique de l'IST a été toujours fait partie de la politique nationale. La deuxième période, de 1973 à 1982, a vu la construction de l'infrastructure nationale de l'IST qui s'est focalisée principalement sur la coordination du contenu des banques d'IST, ceci jusqu'à 1993. Depuis cette époque, la politique de la France a été marquée par la déréglementation des télécommunications et la privatisation des services publics. La question qui est posée dans cet article concerne le rôle que les pouvoirs publics vont jouer à l'avenir pour préparer la société française à participer activement à la société de la connaissance.

Over the last fifty years, French public authorities have played a major role in developing a policy for scientific and technical information (STI) in France. Four distinct periods can be identified. During the first from 1955 to 1973, policy was dominated by de Gaulle's concern to combat American hegemony and, since that time, STI policy has always been considered a part of French global politics. The second period from 1973 to 1982 saw the construction of the national STI infrastructure which was followed by a focus on content and database coordination up to 1993. Since that date, France's policy has been marked by the deregulation of telecommunications and the privatization of public services. The question addressed in this paper concerns the current role of public authorities in preparing French society for active participation in the knowledge society. ; Au cours des cinquante dernières années, les pouvoirs publics français ont joué un rôle important en développant une politique pour l'information scientifique et technique (IST) en France. Quatre périodes distinctes peuvent être identifiées. Pendant la première période, de 1955 à 1973, la politique a été dominée par le souci du Président de Gaulle de combattre l'hégémonie américaine et, depuis cette époque, la politique de l'IST a été toujours fait partie de la politique nationale. La deuxième période, de 1973 à 1982, a vu la construction de l'infrastructure nationale de l'IST qui s'est focalisée principalement sur la coordination du contenu des banques d'IST, ceci jusqu'à 1993. Depuis cette époque, la politique de la France a été marquée par la déréglementation des télécommunications et la privatisation des services publics. La question qui est posée dans cet article concerne le rôle que les pouvoirs publics vont jouer à l'avenir pour préparer la société française à participer activement à la société de la connaissance.

Over the last fifty years, French public authorities have played a major role in developing a policy for scientific and technical information (STI) in France. Four distinct periods can be identified. During the first from 1955 to 1973, policy was dominated by de Gaulle's concern to combat American hegemony and, since that time, STI policy has always been considered a part of French global politics. The second period from 1973 to 1982 saw the construction of the national STI infrastructure which was followed by a focus on content and database coordination up to 1993. Since that date, France's policy has been marked by the deregulation of telecommunications and the privatization of public services. The question addressed in this paper concerns the current role of public authorities in preparing French society for active participation in the knowledge society. ; Au cours des cinquante dernières années, les pouvoirs publics français ont joué un rôle important en développant une politique pour l'information scientifique et technique (IST) en France. Quatre périodes distinctes peuvent être identifiées. Pendant la première période, de 1955 à 1973, la politique a été dominée par le souci du Président de Gaulle de combattre l'hégémonie américaine et, depuis cette époque, la politique de l'IST a été toujours fait partie de la politique nationale. La deuxième période, de 1973 à 1982, a vu la construction de l'infrastructure nationale de l'IST qui s'est focalisée principalement sur la coordination du contenu des banques d'IST, ceci jusqu'à 1993. Depuis cette époque, la politique de la France a été marquée par la déréglementation des télécommunications et la privatisation des services publics. La question qui est posée dans cet article concerne le rôle que les pouvoirs publics vont jouer à l'avenir pour préparer la société française à participer activement à la société de la connaissance.

Despite a tremendous influx of information into public agencies, and a concern with information processing models of organizations, there is a special variety of information that is often poorly utilized or underutilized-scientific and technical information (STI). This study, of public managers' orientations toward STI, a study based on data gathered from questionnaires mailed to officials of the Canadian government's Environmental Protection Service, seeks to better understand patterns of STiacquisition and sharing and information channel preferences among users of S TL

AbstractA frequent lament among researchers is that public policy makers should pay more attention to scientific and technical information (STI). If there is any single area where one might expect STI to be used in public policy making and agenda setting it is in science and technology policy. Many of the policy makers in science and technology policy are themselves scientists or researchers and presumably would prove especially receptive to STI. However, STI is only one of many types of information used in policy making and policy actors often differ in the extent to which they view STI as credible, particularly compared to other types of potentially policy‐relevant information. Research on credibility (the believability of information, information types, and media) has shown variance and policy makers' "credibility maps." Thus, some policy makers have preference for formal information generally and STI specifically, but others privilege raw data, personal experience, authority, history and anecdote, analogical reasoning, or conformance to ideology, to name just a few of the information choices. Here, we build on the current researchers' previous bibliometrics‐based work and use data from 41 semi‐structured elite interviews with National Research Council (NRC) executives and staff and NRC committee members concerning the use of STI in reports issued by the NRC. Findings show that the use of STI in NRC reports varies according to the nature of the inquiry and the sponsor. Information used in the reports is based on not only the assessed credibility of information but also its perceived direct relevance and the availability of STI as compared to other types of information. In general, the amount of STI in the NRC reports tends to have modest effects on the likelihood that reports will be used in policy making or by the mass media. More important factors include the timing of the report with respect to political agendas, the party requesting the report, and the enacted roles of NRC staff members and committee chairs.

The purpose of the study is to take into account the experience of 35 highly developed countries of the world that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the formation of state innovation policy in Ukraine Research methods. Comparative analysis, logical–structural, analytical and systemic. Results of work. The modern forms of government assistance to increase the level of innovativeness of the national economy through financial and non–financial methods, organizational mechanisms and individual tools of program–targeted impact on the country's priority industries and production are investigated. The scope of the results. Economics and management of the national economy, methods and mechanisms for regulating economic processes and their efficiency. Conclusions. Market–based commercial instruments and incentives alone are not enough to maintain an appropriate competitive level of innovation in the national economy. Two–thirds of success depends on government incentives. Including financing of scientific and technical developments from budgetary funds up to three percent of GDP. Strategic planning, project, program–target approach, high–quality operational management of innovation activities, state policy of generating demand for innovation, the activities of state agencies to manage the use of funds in priority areas, protection of intellectual products, transfer of developments to production relevant for Ukraine to restore target criteria for high–tech national economy.