The article is devoted to the investment and legal aspects of the proposed measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the national intellectual capital use and, hence, achieving the long-term objectives of social and economic development of Russia. Such measures include the development of private investment, including venture capital, reduction of interest rates on production loans for high-tech companies using and creating national intellectual capital and legislation improvement in the sphere of creation and use of intellectual property. The article presents the forecast of economic effect from realization of measures in the sphere of private investment development, the forecast of economic effect from the reduction of interest rates on loans for high-tech companies using the example of а hypothetical company, the assessment of the impact of proposals on legislation improvement and providing the technology transfer. It concludes that the proposed measures have the significant influence in terms of stimulating the development of private investment in the sphere of intellectual capital use. The article presents the model of estimation of economic effect from reduction of interest rates on the loan for high-tech enterprises, which confirms the positive impact of this measure at microeconomic level, which, in turn, allows to make a conclusion about its positive impact on the economy as a whole. Within the legal aspect study the specific measures to encourage the creation and use of intellectual capital and improving technology transfer as an element of intellectual capital policy are proposed. It is concluded that the proposed legislative and institutional changes will contribute to improving the efficiency of national intellectual capital use in the long term.
The article reveals modern approaches to the definition of social policy of the state. Its main objectives, priorities are characterized; the essence of ways of achievement of objectives and prospects of consequences of their implementation in 1990-1995 are revealed. The aim of the study is to characterize the evolution of social policy of the Altai territory in the first half of the 90s of the 20th century. The historiographical review was conducted in three areas of research separately: protection of the poor; revision of the principles of financing of the social sphere; regulation of the labor market and the transformation of employment policy. The problems and achievements of regional policy in the field of social support of population are characterized on the example of the Altai territory; the main directions of improvement of the current situation for the next decades of the 21th century are determined. The author's conclusions are confirmed by statistical indicators of investments in the social sphere of the Altai territory of the late 20th century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of a number of archival documents regulating the social policy of the Altai territory in 1990-1995, as well as in the analysis of formal institutions of regional social policy of the Altai territory, which proves that during the institutional transformations in the region there was a liberal model of social policy, corresponding to local economic opportunities and political attitudes of the elite. The article summarizes the information about the structure of government in the field of social protection of the population of the Altai territory in the post-Soviet period. The analysis of normative acts regulating their activity, main powers and functions is given. In addition, the stages of reforming the management system of social protection of the population and the causes of the difficulties in this regard are analyzed. The goals and procedure of reforming the system of social protection bodies throughout the Altai territory are revealed. goals and procedure ; Раскрываются современные подходы к определению социальной политики государства. Характеризуются ее основные цели, приоритеты, раскрывается сущность способов достижения поставленных задач и перспективы последствий их реализации в 1990-1995 гг. Целью исследования является характеристика эволюции социальной политики Алтайского края в первой половине 90-х гг. ХХ в. Историографический обзор проведен по трем направлениям исследования: защита слабообеспеченных слоев народонаселения; переработка принципов финансирования социосферы; регулирование рынка труда и трансформация политики занятости. На примере Алтайского края характеризуются проблемы и достижения региональной политики в области социальной поддержки народонаселения; определяются основные направления усовершенствования сложившейся ситуации на ближайшие десятилетия XXI в. Авторские выводы подтверждаются статистическими показателями вложений в социальную сферу Алтайского края конца XX в. Научная новизна исследования заключается во введении в научный оборот ряда архивных документов, регулирующих социальную политику Алтайского края в 1990-1995 гг., а также в анализе формальных институтов региональной социальной политики Алтайского края, который доказывает, что в ходе институциональных трансформаций в регионе сложилась либеральная модель социальной политики, соответствующая местным экономическим возможностям и политическим установкам элиты. Обобщены сведения о структуре органов управления в области социальной защиты народонаселения Алтайского региона в постсоветский период. Приводится анализ нормативных актов, регламентирующих их деятельность, основные полномочия и выполняемые функции. Кроме того, анализируются этапы реформирования системы управления социальной защиты населения и причины трудностей, возникающих в этой связи. Раскрываются цели и порядок реформирования системы органов социальной защиты на всей территории Алтайского края.
In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models. ; In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models.
In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models. ; In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models.
This article aims to make an insight into the conditions of immigration policy and actions undertaken by the Swedish authorities and political parties in the face of the migration crisis in Europe after 2015. A hypothesis presented here assumes that a decisive evolution of the attitudes of the Swedish authorities, political parties, and society towards a restrictive approach to immigration arose from the awareness of the negative consequences of migration management for the Swedish socio-economic model and the political scene. The theoretical framework used in this article is the concept of policy responsiveness, including the ability of political authorities to respond effectively and lawfully to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Process tracing was applied as a research method useful for following the transformation process Sweden's immigration policy. Statistical data, documents issued by the government and political parties, as well as the subject literature were the sources utilised in the research. Conclusions drawn from the research point to the tightening of immigration policy as a result of the fear of a prolonged pull effect on foreigners and concern surrounding the appropriate handling of immigration in full accordance with the adopted model of immigration policy.
в статье авторы осмысляют феномен идентичности ; исследуя процессы формирования современной казахстанской нации и новой национальной идентичности на гражданской и политической основе ; актуализируют уникальный национальный состав казахстанского общества. ; in the article the authors comprehend the phenomenon of identity ; examining the processes of formation of a modern Kazakhstani nation and a new national identity on a civil and political basis ; actualizing the unique ethnic composition of the Kazakhstani society.
Epilepsy is a disease creating multiple obstacles for patients in terms of their social rights as well as for their associates. The level of physician's legal literacy can both improve the life of a patient with epilepsy and significantly complicate it for many years. Despite the existing normative legal acts regulating the admission of patients with epilepsy and epileptic syndrome to various types of work, military service, weapon possession, and driving, there are still many questions, which is a significant defect in medical service. First of all, we should take into account that people with long-term remission (with or without pharmacotherapy) have the same legal restrictions as patients with incurable epilepsy. Therefore, accurate initial diagnostics in patients with symptoms similar to epilepsy is very important.This article describes the main legislative rules regulating social rights of people with epilepsy and draws attention of the medical community to the problems of these patients. ; Эпилепсия – заболевание, создающее множество проблем и для самого пациента в реализации его социальных прав, и для его окружения. Уровень юридической грамотности врача может как облегчить жизнь пациента с эпилепсией, так и существенно усложнить ее на долгие годы. Несмотря на имеющиеся нормативно-правовые акты, четко регламентирующие допуск пациентов с эпилепсией и эпилептическим синдромом к различным видам работ, службе в армии, владению оружием, управлению транспортными средствами, по этой теме остается множество вопросов, что является существенным пробелом во врачебной работе. Прежде всего, во врачебной практике необходимо учитывать, что граждане с многолетней ремиссией (медикаментозной или немедикаментозной) подпадают под те же законодательные ограничения, что и люди с некурабельной формой эпилепсии. Исходя из этого, очень важна точность первоначальной диагностики при первичном обращении с симптомами, похожими на эпилепсию.В настоящей статье мы постарались отразить основные нормы действующего законодательства, регламентирующие вопросы реализации социальных прав граждан с диагнозом эпилепсии, и обратить внимание врачебного сообщества на сопутствующие проблемы этой категории пациентов.
Правовая охрана прав журналистов является необходимым элементом общества в правовом государстве. Социальная защита этих субъектов определяется с точки зрения права на справедливую защиту, которая действует в законодательстве и мировой практике. Рассматриваются гарантии прав журналистов, их права и обязанности. ; Legal security of journalist's rights is the necessary element of society in the legal state. Social defence of these subjects is determined from the point of operating and legislation and world practice. Journalist's rights guarantees, their rights and duties are reported.
The article is devoted to the analysis of V.S. Solovyov's "Sunday Letters". Aspects of the author's dialogue with the reader within the framework of this publicist cycle are considered. The relevance of the topic is based on the importance of this work for understanding the writer's last work, "Three Conversations" and the general direction of the development of his publicist writing. The "Sunday Letters" have relatively recently come to the attention of Solovyov scholars and remain little studied. On the basis of the main premises of M.M. Bakhtin's concept of speech genres, the article examines the works included in the Solovyov cycle from a communicative perspective, highlighting several perspectives: author – addressee, author – text, addressee – text. This approach is new for Solovyov studies and productive due to the combination of literary and linguistic methods of scientific research. As a result, the general scheme of the way Solovyov the publicist constructs a communicative act with the reader established and some features of his dialogue with the audience are characterized. The article concludes that 1) Solovyov's main goal in publishing "Sunday Letters" was to organize a regular and direct dialogue with the Russian reading public on a wide range of social, political, philosophical, religious and moral issues (reflecting the influence of the tradition of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Writer's Diary"); 2) the author of the cycle primarily implemented an educational and prophetic creative strategy; 3) during 1897–1898 Solovyov distinguished between various sections of the reading public, corrected his position regarding the addressee; 4) the choice of the genre form of the work (letter-sermon) was not accidental, it was justified by the nature of the speech situation, participants of dialogue, specifics of communication sphere, subject of speech and determined the uniqueness of his style; 5) the style of the Solovyov cycle is characterized by heterogeneity, unevenness, excitement. These conclusions clarify the specifics of the author's position in the works of Solovyov the publicist, the character of his implementation of creative strategies.
This article outlines the social approach of meeting the challenges of energy policy in Poland in the context of potential shale gas extraction, focused on social perception and environmental protection policy. While Poland holds promising shale gas resources, the state of current technology indicates that shale gas exploitation is not imminent. However, shale deposits are still considered a potential future resource that could play a central role in diversifying energy sources, developing the economy, and potentially increasing the country's energy security. This paper presents energy opportunities of Poland, a review of Polish society opinion about energy and environment security. This study shows that Polish society sees a connection between energy, environment and policy problems, as well as potential benefits in the context of shale gas, based on research results of various institutions, including the European Commission. The author draws attention to tasks before the economic exploitation of shale gas in order to optimizing socio-economic benefits, and short- and long-term impacts. Since we are a common Europe, a common space for people, we can create an energy policy. It is the way the topic of energy diversification opportunities in Poland and the building of consistent energy and environmental protection policy is still an important issue to discuss in humanistic and economic fields. ; W niniejszym artykule nakreślono społeczne podejście do wyzwań polityki energetycznej w Polsce w kontekście potencjalnego wydobycia gazu łupkowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem percepcji społecznej i polityki ochrony środowiska. Chociaż Polska posiada obiecujące zasoby gazu łupkowego, stan obecnej technologii wskazuje, że eksploatacja tego surowca nie jest bliska. Jednak złoża łupków są nadal uważane za potencjalny przyszły zasób, który mógłby odegrać kluczową rolę w dywersyfikacji źródeł energii i rozwoju gospodarczym oraz potencjalnym zwiększeniu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego kraju. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości energetyczne Polski, przegląd opinii polskiego społeczeństwa na temat bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i ochrony środowiskowego. Z badania różnych instytucji, w tym Komisji Europejskiej wynika, że społeczeństwo polskie widzi związek między problemami energetycznymi, środowiskowymi i politycznymi, a także potencjalnymi korzyściami w kontekście gazu łupkowego. Autorka zwraca uwagę na zadania stojące przed ekonomiczną eksploatacją gazu łupkowego w celu optymalizacji korzyści społeczno-ekonomicznych oraz oddziaływań krótko i długoterminowych. Jako że jesteśmy wspólną Europą, wspólną przestrzenią dla ludzi, możemy wspólnie kształtować politykę energetyczną i środowiskową. Stąd podjęty w `niniejszym artykule temat pozostaje ważną kwestią do dyskusji.
Авторы анализируют результативность факторов, формирующих религиозность студенческой молодежи на основе материалов социологического исследовании, проведенного в нижегородских вузах. Методологической основой изучения религии как социального института был взят функциональный анализ и теория рационального выбора. Эмпирически подтверждено, что вербальные самохарактеристики религиозности не имеют существенных гендерных отличий. Причину этого авторы видят в изменении религиозных потребностей.Для атомизированного человека на первый план вышла терапевтическая функция веры, которую не надо отождествлять с компенсаторной, ориентирующей на загробное воздаяние. За рубежом «терапевтами» выступают психологи и психиатры, в России – религиозные институты.«Веротерапия» дает возможность реализовать базовую потребность в самооправдании. У бога можно вымолить прощение или «купить» его через религиозный институт, обеспечив душевный комфорт. В условиях, когда образовательные институты и семья внушают одни нормы морали, а жить приходится по другим, это крайне важно для самосохранения личности.Студенты социализировалось в условиях посттравматического синдрома, в информационном пространстве, постоянно воспроизводящем утверждения, что религия учитель нравственности, утешитель, источник национальных традиций и т.д. Естественно, что именно они были воспроизведены в ответах юношами и девушками.Секуляризация в прошлом проявлялась как рефлексия более образованного мужского населения на противоречие научной картины мира религиозной. Современный гносеологический кризис вызвал сомнения в способности науки дать ответы на мировоззренческие вопросы и стал фактором изменения понятия бога. Религиозные иерархи делают акцент не на создании мира, а образе жизни верующих. В результате формула «чем выше образование, тем ниже религиозность» требует дополнительной верификации в каждом локальном исследовании. ; The authors analyze the effectiveness of the factors that shape the religiosity of student youth on the basis of the materials of a sociological survey conducted in Nizhny Novgorod higher educational establishments. The study of religion as a social institution was methodologically based on the functional analysis and the theory of rational choice. It is empirically confirmed that the verbal self-characteristics of religiosity do not have significant gender differences. The authors see the reason for that in the change of religious needs.For the atomized person, the therapeutic function of faith has come to the fore, which is not associated with a compensatory function, i.e. with a promise of compensation in the afterlife. In foreign countries, the function of "therapists" is performed by psychologists and psychiatrists, in Russia – by religious institutions."Faith therapy" makes it possible to satisfy the basic need for self-justification. One can beg God for forgiveness or "buy" forgiveness through a religious institution thus obtaining spiritual comfort. When educational institutions and the family instill one set of moral rules, but one has to live by quite different rules, this is extremely important for the self-preservation of the individual.Students socialize in the conditions of post-traumatic syndrome, in the information environment where they have been constantly taught that religion is a teacher of morality, a comforter, a source of national traditions, etc. It is only natural that exactly those assertions have been reproduced by young men and girls in their answers.In the past, secularization manifested itself as a reflection of a more educated male population on the contradiction between the scientific picture of the world and the religious one. The modern gnoseological crisis has raised doubts as to the ability of science to provide answers to worldview questions and become a factor in changing the concept of God. Religious hierarchs focus on the way of life of believers, rather than on the creation of the world. As a result, the formula "the higher the education, the lower the religiosity" requires additional verification in each local study.
The educational system and youth policy were important spheres in the social policy of the American military government. The paper focuses on the problems which the American occupation authorities faced when renewing the activity of educational institutions; the basic principles of educational policy are emphasized. The military government put big emphasis on work with youth, the organization of youth's leisure, and encouraged the creation of various youth associations. ; Система образования и молодежная политика были важными направлениями деятельности американской военной администрации в социальной сфере. В статье анализируются проблемы, с которыми сталкивались американские оккупационные власти при возобновлении деятельности образовательных учреждений, выделены основные принципы образовательной политики. Большое значение военная администрация придавала работе с молодежью, организации молодежного досуга, поощряла создание различных молодежных объединений.
