Suchergebnisse

The rapidly aging populations of many developed countries--most notably Japan and member countries of the European Union--present obvious problems for the public pension plans of these countries. Not only will there be disproportionately fewer workers making pension contributions than there are retirees drawing pension benefits, but the youth-to-age imbalance would significantly affect the total contributive capacity of future generations and hence their total income growth. In Children and Pensions, Alessandro Cigno and Martin Werding examine the way pension policy and child-related benefits affect fertility behavior and productivity growth. They present theoretical arguments to the effect that public pension coverage as such will reduce aggregate fertility and may raise aggregate household savings. They argue further that public pensions, as they are currently designed, discourage parents from private human capital investment in their children to improve the children's future earning capacity. - After an overview of pension and child benefit policies (focusing on the European Union, Japan, and the United States), the authors offer an empirical and theoretical analysis and a simulation of the effects of the policies under discussion. Their policy proposals to address declines in fertility and productivity growth include the innovative suggestion that relates a person's pension entitlements to his or her number of children and the children's earning ability--proposing that, in effect, a person's pension could be financed in part or in full by the pensioner's own children.

Klappentext: Die Tunesische Revolution von 2010/2011 sowie die postrevolutionäre Phase wurden begleitet von einer regen Kommunikation in sozialen Medien, allen voran Facebook. Die tunesischen User reagierten besonders mit Bildzeichen auf die politische Situation im Land. Dennoch sind die soziokulturellen Dimensionen dieser Online-Bilder während politischer Umbrüche kaum Gegenstand der Forschung.Im Vordergrund der kultursemiotischen Untersuchung steht deshalb die Frage, inwiefern die in Facebook veröffentlichten Bilder zur Ausbildung, Verbreitung und Veränderung der tunesischen Protestkultur beitrugen und damit zu einem geeigneten Mittel für symbolischen Protest wurden. Hinsichtlich der tunesischen Revolution wird eine Auswahl veröffentlichter Bildzeichen mithilfe kultur- und bildsemiotischer Methoden in Verbindung mit qualitativen Interviews von Akteuren des Protests analysiert.Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Bildkommunikation eine visuelle Protestkultur mit spezifischen Signifikationsnormen und semiotischen Ressourcen entstand. Bilder trugen nicht nur zur Abbildung der revolutionären Proteste bei, sondern dienten primär der Abgrenzung einer widerständigen Kultur unter Kritik gesellschaftlich etablierter Bedeutungsstrukturen

Three decades of biodiversity governance has largely failed to stop the ongoing environmental crisis of global species loss. Yet that governance has resulted in undeniably important political outcomes. In Counting Species, Rafi Youatt argues that the understanding of global biodiversity has produced a distinct vision and politics of nature, one that is bound up with ideas about species, norms of efficiency, and apolitical forms of technical management. Since its inception in the 1980s, biodiversity's political power has also hinged on its affiliation with a series of political concepts. Biodiversity was initially articulated as a moral crime against the intrinsic value of all species. In the 1990s and early 2000s, biodiversity shifted toward an association with service provision in a globalizing world economy before attaching itself more recently to the discourses of security and resilience. Even as species extinctions continue, biodiversity's role in environmental governance has become increasingly abstract. Yet the power of global biodiversity is eventually always localized and material when it encounters nonhuman life. In these encounters, Youatt finds reasons for optimism, tracing some of the ways that nonhuman life has escaped human social means. Counting Species compellingly offers both a political account of global biodiversity and a unique approach to political agency across the human-nonhuman divide.

This volume offers a significant and engaging overview of the phenomenon of populism in time and in the two countries of the United States and Canada. The focus on populism as a political discourse, both in the rhetorical sense, is one particular merit of this book helping to understand this extremely topical political phenomenon. Anyone concerned about how populist discourse works will benefit from this study. Francesca De Cesare, University of Naples, Italy This book examines the origins of populism in Canada and the United States and its development into a powerful and at times disturbing political force. Focus is on five historical periods: The Populist Party of the United States in the 1890s, Prairie Populism in Canada during the early and mid-20th century, the Reform Party of Canada in the 1980s and 90s, the left and right populism of Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump in the early 21st century, and the phenomenon of Ford Nation in modern day Ontario, Canada. The author extends Ernesto Laclaus analysis of populism as a logic in On Populist Reason (2005) to explore how a people come into being in their conflict or clash with an elite, defined by Chartists in the 19th century as providing a contrast between producers and non-producers. The author examines the linguistic media (speeches, books, radio, twitter, Facebook) used in populist discourse to covey a political message and to articulate the needs, wishes and will of a newly born people in their numerous guises and expressions, from "The plain people," "The little guy," "Brothers and sisters." This volume will be of interest to researchers in an interdisciplinary range of fields, including discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, pragmatics, rhetoric and stylistics, political communication, social movements theory, media studies, and Canadian and American history. Marcia Macaulay is an Associate Professor of English and Linguistics at Glendon College, York University, Canada. Her work focusses on linguistic variation, speech act theory, stylistics, political discourse and gender and language. She is the co-editor of Pragmatics and Context (2012) and the editor of Populist Discourse: International Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).

The fields of pharmaceutical economics and health economics/policy are reaching a point of convergence. This is due to both the widespread availability of pharmaceutical treatments, accompanied by broader insurance coverage, and the regulation of prescription drugs in both private and government plans. This book will bridge the gap. We will explore developments in both U.S. and International setting. The system of the U.S. is characterized by a mix of private and government insurance for prescription drugs with the expansion of Medicare Part D. Most other developed countries are characterized by social insurance with either the government as a single payer such as in Canada or Australia, or a national health service as in many other European countries.

1. Introduction Benjamin Leruth, Stefan Gänzle and Jarle TrondalPart 1: Conceptualising differentiation IntroductionJarle Trondal, Benjamin Leruth and Stefan Gänzle2. Studying differentiated integration: Methods & DataMarian Burk and Dirk Leuffen3. On the legitimacy of differentiated integrationErik Oddvar Eriksen4. Differentiated (dis)integration beyond Europe: A Comparative Regionalism ApproachStefan Gänzle and Jens Uwe Wunderlich5. De facto Differentiation in the European Union: Circumventing Rules, Law, and Rule of LawTobias C. Hofelich6. Constitutive differentiationJohn Erik Fossum7. EU External Differentiated Integration and Compliance: Theoretical and Legal AspectsAnne Pintsch and Marina Rabinovich8. From Integration to Fragmegration: Political symbols and the emergence of differentiated European identitiesRussell Foster9. Differentiation and segmentationJosef Batora and John Erik FossumPart 2: Institutionally-based differentiation IntroductionJarle Trondal, Stefan Gänzle and Benjamin Leruth10. An ever more fragmented Union? On the emerging relevance of differentiated integration for governance structures within the EUAlexander Schilin11. Promise Unfulfilled? Managing Differentiated Integration in EU Secondary Law Through Enhanced CooperationDaniela Kroll12. Differentiation in the European Parliament: United about diversity?Guri Rosén13. Differentiation and the European Central Bank: A bulwark against (differentiated) disintegration?Daniel Schulz and Amy Verdun14. Differentiation and the European CommissionDiane Fromage and Cristina Fasone15. Differentiation and the European Court of JusticeSabine Saurugger and Fabien Terpan16. Third country participation in EU agencies: Towards "condominio"?Sandra Lavenex17. The Council of the European Union: Organizational and Social Dynamics of DifferentiationJeff LewisPart 3: Policy-based differentiationIntroductionStefan Gänzle, Benjamin Leruth and Jarle Trondal18. Differentiated integration in EU energy market policyTorbjørg Jevnaker19. Brexit and the Common Fisheries Policy: Opportunities for multi-level differentiated (dis)integration?Arno van der Zwet, John Connolly, Christopher Huggins and Craig McAngus20. Brexit and the Common Fisheries Policy: Opportunities for multi-level differentiated (dis)integration?Foteini Asderaki and Eleftheria Markozani21. Differentiated integration in EU climate policyElin Lerum Boasson, Merethe Dotterud Leiren and Jørgen Wettestad22. Differentiated integration in European External ActionThomas Henökl23. PESCO: A formula for positive integration in European defenceSteven Blockmans and Dylan Macchiarini Crosson24. The Increasingly Differentiated European Single Market?David Howarth25. Differentiation and social policy: A sustainable way forward?Benjamin Leruth and Sven Schreurs26. Differentiation in EU Security and Defense PolicyStephan Klose, Elie PerotPart 4: Territorial differentiationIntroductionBenjamin Leruth, Stefan Gänzle and Jarle Trondal27. The Nordic countries as pioneers of differentiationBenjamin Leruth and Jarle Trondal28. Risky Advantageous Differentiation: Iceland and the EEABaldur Thorhallsson29. The Swiss and Liechtenstein relations with the EU - an ongoing institutional challengeChristian Frommelt30. Turkey's external differentiated integration with the EU in the field of migration governance: the case of border managementEbru Turhan and Ayselin Yildiz31. Visegrad Four and EU Differentiated Integration: Activities, Perception and Self-Perception after the Refugee CrisisPetr Kaniok, Vratislav Havlík and Veronika Zapletalová32. Poland as the (new) awkward partner: Differentiated integration or differentiated disintegration?Agnieszka Cianciara33. Trajectories of Differentiated EU Integration for the Western BalkansMarko Milenkovic34. European Neighbourhood Policy: Differentiated integration beyond the EU's Eastern and Southern BordersZuzana Reptova35. Differentiation at the local level: An overview of sub-national authority networks in the EUPier-Domenico Tortola and Stefan CouperusPart 5: BrexitIntroductionStefan Gänzle, Jarle Trondal and Benjamin Leruth36. Brexit as a phenomenon: national solidarity as a tool against the European project? Mikko Kuisma and Matthew Donoghue37. (Post-)Brexit: Negotiating Differentiated DisintegrationFrank Schimmelfennig38. International perceptions of BrexitJohanna Speyer, Natalia Chaban and Arne Niemann39. Differentiation and Power Asymmetry: How Brexit is Changing UK Relations with Czechia and SlovakiaMonika Brusenbauch Meislová and Andrew Glencross40. Brexit and Northern IrelandDavid Phinnemore41. Border Conflicts and Territorial Differentiation after Brexit: The cases of Northern Ireland, Gibraltar and the UK Sovereign Base Areas in CyprusNikos Skoutaris42. Growing Apart Together? Brexit and the Dynamics of Differentiated Disintegration in Security and DefenseBenjamin Martill and Monika Sus43. Conclusion Benjamin Leruth, Stefan Gänzle and Jarle TrondalEpilogue: Polycrisis and Resilience in the European Union: Covid-19 and avenues for future studiesMarianne Riddervold, Akasemi Newsome and Jarle Trondal

This book explores the recent international decline in democracy and the psychological appeal of authoritarianism in the context of rapid globalization. The rise of populist movements and leaders across the globe has produced serious and unexpected challenges to human rights and freedoms. By understanding the psychological foundations of the surge in populism and authoritarian leadership, we can better develop ways to nurture and safeguard democracy. Why and how do authoritarian leaders gain popular support? In this book, social psychologist Fathali M. Moghaddam discusses the stages of political development on the continuum from absolute dictatorship to the ideal of actualized democracy. He explains how "fractured globalization" - by which technological and economic forces push societies toward greater global unification, while social identity needs pull individuals back into tribal identification - can produce a turn toward dictatorship, even in previously democratic societies. The book concludes with potential solutions to the rise of authoritarian leaders and ways to strengthen democracy.

"Braided Waters sheds new light on the relationship between environment and society by charting the history of Hawaii's Molokai island over a thousand-year period of repeated settlement. From the arrival of the first Polynesians to contact with eighteenth-century European explorers and traders to our present era, this study shows how the control of resources--especially water--in a fragile, highly variable environment, has had profound effects on the history of Hawaii. Wade Graham examines the ways environmental variation repeatedly shapes human social and economic structures and how, in turn, man-made environmental degradation influences and reshapes societies. A key finding of this study is how deep structures of place interact with distinct cultural patterns across different societies to produce similar social and environmental outcomes, in both the Polynesian and modern eras--a case of historical isomorphism with profound implications for global environmental history"--Provided by publisher

"Analyzing the origins of conflicts and wars in the Persian Gulf, this study assesses the conflicts' shared trajectories and fallouts. Although the origins of conflicts are varied (sectarian, religious, ethnic, and tribal, over territory and over resources), as conflicts evolve, the quest for "revenge" and the desire to settle old scores is only one, apparent fuel, which belies a more essential one. The evolution of most conflicts can, over time, be traced to a single source--the struggle for power and control over resources. Hossein Askari argues that reconciliation will require the simultaneous adoption of foundational political, social, and economic reforms by the countries in the region, as well as the cooperation of the global powers, especially the United States, to end support of dictators and reduce the human costs of aggression. The creation of a just society with freedom and equal opportunities for all is a necessary precondition if peace and prosperity are to flourish"--

This pathbreaking book looks at everyday storytelling as a twofold phenomenon--a response to our desire for coherence, but also to our need to probe and acknowledge the enigmatic aspects of experience. Letting us listen in on dinner-table conversation, prayer, and gossip, Elinor Ochs and Lisa Capps develop a way of understanding the seemingly contradictory nature of everyday narrative--as a genre that is not necessarily homogeneous and as an activity that is not always consistent but consistently serves our need to create selves and communities. Focusing on the ways in which narrative is co-constructed, and on the variety of moral stances embodied in conversation, the authors draw out the instructive inconsistencies of these collaborative narratives, whose contents and ordering are subject to dispute, flux, and discovery. In an eloquent last chapter, written as Capps was waging her final battle with cancer, they turn to "unfinished narratives," those stories that will never have a comprehensible end. With a hybrid perspective--part humanities, part social science--their book captures these complexities and fathoms the intricate and potent narratives that live within and among us