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Conceptual-typological Aspects of Local Electoral Systems A democracy cannot be built unless it is based on free elections. Elections are a sine qua non condition of democratic governance. Elections are the central procedure of representation in modern democracies, and our generation has made substantial progress in understanding how voters come to make decisions. The elections were imposed in the constitutional history of the world as activities whose social and political effervescence in society is specific, competitions in which the best ones win. In fact, we make the first finding: the local electoral system is a fundamental area of society, the way it is managed and carried out, it reflects the level of development of democracy. The country's implementing bodies are chosen and this is why it is so important that it is organized and carried out correctly, transparently and democratically. The local electoral system is essentially created for citizens and must represent their interests, which we must recognize, often in practice does not happen very often. The actuality of the theme of this article starts from the premise that an electoral system is closely linked to democracy, because it expresses its values, thus constituting an indicator of the democratic character of a society and, at the same time, it contributes to the strengthening of democracy. Although there are different realities, and the electoral procedures differ from state to state, however, it can be said that, depending on how the mandates for the eligible positions are distributed (won), there are three modalities of electoral system: majority electoral system; proportional electoral system; mixed electoral system.

The article substantiates the notion of pedagogical support of resocialization of pupils of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children as a complex of pedagogical means, mechanisms and forms of their realization. This support favors the activation of own experience and potential of pupils. It also widens possibilities of the learning-upbringing system of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children for increasing the effectiveness of the process of pupils' resocialization. There were characterized the components of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers (aim, principles, content, directions, mechanisms and forms of their realization). The aim of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers is to favor the overcoming of obstacles or lag in the process of children's socialization using the complex of correcting-rehabilitating forms of the social-pedagogical work. There were determined the principles of the pedagogical support of resocialization of pupils of centers: the principle of purposefulness, reflexivity, partnership, subjectivity, synergy, unity of the learning, upbringing and correcting work at realizing resocialization tasks. There were separated the content directions of the pedagogical support:– formation and assimilation of democratic culture skills;– realization of civic duties;– taking of responsibility (for oneself, family, society);– formation of integral worldview;– mastering of social skills;– conscious choice of life strategies;– realization of rights, possibilities and motivation of the future social and professional development;– development of communication skills, communication culture;– development of self-cognition, self-appraisal, self-determination.There were determined the mechanisms of introduction of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children: – mechanism of favoring pupils' participation in the process of resocialization;– mechanism of activation of the work of social teachers and psychologists of centers;– mechanism of involving, parents, persons, who replace them and tutors of pupils of centers to the cooperation in the direction of resocialization.The effectiveness of the elaborated pedagogical support of the process of recosialization of pupils of centers and forms of the social-pedagogical work with them was proved. There were presented the complex program of resocialization of pupils of centers "You are able to more!", forms of the social-pedagogical work with parents (persons, who replace them) of pupils and specialists of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children (lecture, pedagogical seminar) ; У статті запропоновано теоретичне узагальнення та практичне розв'язання наукової проблеми педагогічного забезпечення ресоціалізації вихованців центрів соціально-психологічної реабілітації. Дослідження полягає у здійсненні теоретико-методичного аналізу сутності педагогічного забезпечення ресоціалізації, розробці та впровадженні даного педагогічного забезпечення. Наведено основні ідей щодо ресоціалізації вихованців центрів та засвідчення досягнення мети і виконання поставлених завдань дослідження

The article substantiates the notion of pedagogical support of resocialization of pupils of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children as a complex of pedagogical means, mechanisms and forms of their realization. This support favors the activation of own experience and potential of pupils. It also widens possibilities of the learning-upbringing system of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children for increasing the effectiveness of the process of pupils' resocialization. There were characterized the components of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers (aim, principles, content, directions, mechanisms and forms of their realization). The aim of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers is to favor the overcoming of obstacles or lag in the process of children's socialization using the complex of correcting-rehabilitating forms of the social-pedagogical work. There were determined the principles of the pedagogical support of resocialization of pupils of centers: the principle of purposefulness, reflexivity, partnership, subjectivity, synergy, unity of the learning, upbringing and correcting work at realizing resocialization tasks. There were separated the content directions of the pedagogical support:– formation and assimilation of democratic culture skills;– realization of civic duties;– taking of responsibility (for oneself, family, society);– formation of integral worldview;– mastering of social skills;– conscious choice of life strategies;– realization of rights, possibilities and motivation of the future social and professional development;– development of communication skills, communication culture;– development of self-cognition, self-appraisal, self-determination.There were determined the mechanisms of introduction of the pedagogical support of the process of resocialization of pupils of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children: – mechanism of favoring pupils' participation in the process of resocialization;– mechanism of activation of the work of social teachers and psychologists of centers;– mechanism of involving, parents, persons, who replace them and tutors of pupils of centers to the cooperation in the direction of resocialization.The effectiveness of the elaborated pedagogical support of the process of recosialization of pupils of centers and forms of the social-pedagogical work with them was proved. There were presented the complex program of resocialization of pupils of centers "You are able to more!", forms of the social-pedagogical work with parents (persons, who replace them) of pupils and specialists of centers of social-psychological rehabilitation of children (lecture, pedagogical seminar) ; У статті запропоновано теоретичне узагальнення та практичне розв'язання наукової проблеми педагогічного забезпечення ресоціалізації вихованців центрів соціально-психологічної реабілітації. Дослідження полягає у здійсненні теоретико-методичного аналізу сутності педагогічного забезпечення ресоціалізації, розробці та впровадженні даного педагогічного забезпечення. Наведено основні ідей щодо ресоціалізації вихованців центрів та засвідчення досягнення мети і виконання поставлених завдань дослідження

The article looks into communication models of implementing the New Man project in recent Ukrainian history. The scientific novelty of this research implies thorough analysis of historical facts and communication processes through the lens of social engineering. The author draws on extensive theoretical material for a comprehensive interpretation of the social engineering concept. In this research social engineering in understood as an efficient technological model of managing social objects that is capable of working productively in crisis points of social, economic, and political development. Therefore, its main tool is a step-by-step system reform with ongoing communication support and careful forecasting of possible developments. However, recent world history has presented facts of radical social engineering when social modernization processes went hand in hand with political repressions, genocide programs, information blockade and massive propaganda. Unfortunately, in Ukraine the New Person project was implemented in the context of establishing a totalitarian regime. The author argues that the project of creating a New/Soviet Person turned into a communication platform of the Soviet regime establishment; it was implemented through the Bolsheviks' well-planned information and cultural policies, pedagogical and educational technologies. The article shows the dynamics of the New Man concept transformation into the ideological construct of Soviet people ubiquitous in public discourse of the Stalinism era. The researcher analyzes cultural and scientific roots of the Soviet People project and concludes that under favorable historical progress Ukraine could have implemented truly effective social development projects.Key words: eugenics, New Man, Soviet people, social engineering, communication technologies, propaganda. ; У статті досліджено комунікаційні моделі реалізації проєкту «нова людина» в українській новітній історії. Наукова новизна розвідки полягає в аналізі історичних фактів і комунікаційних процесів ...

The question of actualization of material support of employees at the enterprises due to the fact of temporary disability at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine at present stage is studied. It is determined that compulsory state social insurance presupposes legal relations between the insured persons, employers and representatives of social insurance funds in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. The changes in the regulatory affairs provision of settlements with employees because of the fact of temporary disability, which directly affects organization of the accounting process of settlements with social insurance bodies are overviewed. The social insurance commission established at the enterprise with a number of insured employees more than 15 makes the decision concerning the provision of material support. The terms of reviewing documents for the material aid assignment are during ten days after receipt of documents for the material aid assignment because of temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth. The new rules of receiving the work incapacity certificate to the accounting department for the compilation of the corresponding accounting records in the accounting system of the enterprise are considered. It is necessary to add the calculation of the average wage for 12 months to the work incapacity certificate. The signature of the head and chief accountant and the seal of the enterprise must certify this calculation. The Application-calculation to the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine is to be submitted not later than 5 working days from the date of the social insurance commission decision concerning the payment of financial security. The Application Form can be submitted in paper form directly to the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine or sent electronically using electronic digital signature. According to the new rules, it is necessary to inform the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine about payments to the insured employees and to report that the funds have been paid in full ...

Introduction. The modern development of the world globalization economy is accompanied by natural disasters, and instability of the political system and financial systems. In 2020, this development was significantly affected by the global pandemic COVID-19. These reasons significantly affected the financial results of enterprises. The effects of the economic crisis, especially the pandemic, have been felt by such a fund- building sector of the economy as construction. The development of this field provides additional jobs to companies in other industries. First of all, they include the building materials industry, furniture industry, chemical and machine-building industries. Many problematic issues have accumulated in accounting for the financial results of construction companies which require urgent solutions. They are related to the recognition of costs and revenues in accordance with the requirements of international and national accounting standards, the characteristics of their components, non-compliance with regulatory documents on pricing and accounting of enterprises in the industry, the definition of costs and revenues related to emergencies.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve the regulatory and legal support of accounting for financial results in construction in view of the changes that have occurred in the social and economic spheres of our state.Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the use of a systematic approach in the process of disclosing problematic aspects of accounting for financial results. The research methods of theoretical generalization, analysis, structural and functional approach were used to identify problem areas of accounting for financial results, while modeling, induction and deduction, and grouping helped to improve the accounting of costs and revenues from emergencies and clarification of sub-accounts and analytical accounts for accounting of financial results. Additionally, with abstract and logical, and comparison methods we substantiated the components of the contract price in construction and improved information support on the amount of net profit from each activity in management accounting. Finally, the results of the study are presented using tabular method. Results. The article analyzes the components of income of construction companies that affect the size of the financial result from the main activity. An improved structure of the contract price for construction projects is proposed, which is consistent with the costs in accordance with the requirements of accounting standards. This characteristic of the current state of accounting for costs and revenues in case of emergency is provided as part of determining the financial results of these events. It is proposed to reflect them as part of other operating expenses and other operating income in the event of loss on damage to current assets due to emergency. Where the construction company has suffered a loss of long-term assets as a result of such events, it is recommended that such losses be summarised in account 97 for "other expenses" and 74 for "other income". It is also proposed to retrain 97 "other costs and investment activities" and 74 "other income- generating investment activities", respectively. It is reasonable to change the names of sub-accounts to account 79 "financial results". It is recommended to charge income tax on each type of activity in order to more accurately determine the net profit. The proposals of scientists to improve the accounting of retained earnings (uncovered losses) are analyzed. Suggestions are made to improve this area accounting for financial results.Prospects for further research. Prospects for further research are the formation of components of income and expenses from all activities of construction companies as elements in the extraction of financial results. This is especially true of income and expenses of the main activities of the construction industry.

During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions: commitment of professional beggars, without a family, in specialized institutions, and home assistance of beggars with families (by a monthly pension and by an annual change of clothes). The article relies on archive documents, such as potential beneficiaries' help requests, administrative documents issued by the authorities, lists of help beneficiaries, inquiries, etc. It presents aspects related to the practical functioning of the social assistance: types of beneficiaries, pension distribution procedures, abuses and frauds. The legal limitations of the administrative rigidity of the pension system were strictly defined, even before the assessment of the real needs in society. This is the reason the efficiency of the pension system was lower than expected both by the authorities and the beneficiaries.

Purpose: a comprehensive philosophical study of social policy as a legal phenomenon, the study of its political and social components.Methodology: The research for the philosophical specifics axiologically legal features of social policy used scientific methods of analysis, synthesis - for the study of fundamental concepts; historical method - to summarize the «justice» of the concept as a component of social policy.Findings: considered especially philosophical concept of «social policy», shows the social and legal foundations of this phenomenon; listed components of social policy.Originality: social policy first considered as a derivative of social justice; defined levels and features of social policy in the Ukrainian society.Practical value: articles materials can be used in the study of these disciplines - philosophy, sociology, political science, law, and others. ; Цель: комплексное философское исследование социальной политики как правового явления, изучение его политико-социальных составляющих.Методика: для исследования философской специфики аксиологически-правовых особенностей социальной политики использовались общенаучные методы: анализ, синтез – для изучения фундаментальных понятий; исторический метод – для обобщения понятия «справедливость» как составляющей социальной политики.Результати: рассмотрены философские особенности понятия «социальная политика», показаны социально-правовые основы данного феномена; указаны составляющие социальной политики.Научная новизна: впервые рассмотрена социальная политика как производная социальной справедливости; определены уровни и особенности социальной политики в украинском обществе.Практическая значимость: материалы статьи могут быть использованы при изучении таких дисциплин – философия, социология, политология, правоведение и др. ; Мета: комплексне філософське дослідження соціальної політики як правового явища, вивчення його політико-соціальних складових. Методика: для дослідження філософської специфіки аксіологічно-правових особливостей соціальної політики використовувались загально-наукові методи: аналіз, синтез – для вивчення фундаментальних понять; історичний метод – для узагальнення поняття «справедливість» як складової соціальної політики. Результати: розглянуто філософські особливості поняття «соціальна політика», показано соціально-правові засади даного феномена; зазначено складові соціальної політики.Наукова новизна: вперше розглянуто соціальну політику як похідну соціальної справедливості; визначено рівні та особливості соціальної політики в українському суспільстві.Практична значущість: матеріали статті можуть бути використаними при вивченні таких дисциплін – філософія, соціологія, політологія, правознавство та ін.

It is established that at the present stage of development the networks bring cardinal changes in all spheres of public life, and consequently have influence on the formation of collective action. An example of this is the World Wide Web, computer tutorials, interactive installations in art, computer animation, digital video and photography that present new social space, which is found in new ways of world outlook and worldview by the person, in new technologies, forms, tools, activities, etc. It is mentioned that network interaction is democratic and transparent. The participant of the network interaction is an active personality who forms around himself or herself the coalition and the union that a priori forms collective action. It is proved that the network is always interaction between individuals aimed at the organization of groups for the purpose of forming collective action to settle certain problems. In this case, the network is defined as a group of three or more people that collaborate to achieve both personal and collective goals. The place of trust in the network interaction and what it matters for collective action has been studied. It is noted that trust can arise only on the basis of common values, compared perception of the social world, own and other social practices, realizing the opportunity of their harmonization.Key Words: network, collective action, group, interaction, virtual world, trust. ; Встановлено, що на сучасному етапі розвитку мережі вносять кардинальні зміни у всі сфери суспільного життя, а відповідно мають вплив і на формування колективної дії. Прикладом цього є всесвітня павутина, комп'ютерні навчальні програми, інтерактивні інсталяції у мистецтві, комп'ютерна анімація, цифрові відео й фотографія, що презентують новий соціальний простір, який виявляється у нових способах світобачення й світорозуміння його людиною, у нових технологіях, формах, засобах діяльності тощо. Відмічено,що мережева взаємодія є демократичною й прозорою. Учасник мережевої взаємодії є діюча, активна особистість довкола якої формується коаліція та союз, що в апріорі утворюють колективну дію. Обґрунтовано, що мережа – це завжди взаємодія між індивідами спрямована на організацію групи з метою формування колективної дії для вирішення тих чи інших проблем. У цьому випадку під мережею розуміється група з трьох та більше осіб, що співпрацюють з метою досягнення не лише власних, а й колективних цілей. Розглянуто місце довіри у мережевій взаємодії і те яке вона має значення для колективної дії. Відмічено, що довіра може виникнути лише на основі спільних цінностей, зіставленого сприйняття соціального світу, своїх власних та інших соціальних практик, усвідомлення можливості їхнього узгодження.Ключові слова: мережа, колективна дія, група, взаємодія, віртуальний світ, довіра. Установлено, что на современном этапе развития сети вносят кардинальные изменения во все сферы общественной жизни, а соответственно влияют и на формирование коллективного действия. Примером этого является всемирная паутина, компьютерные обучающие программы, интерактивные инсталляции в искусстве, компьютерная анимация, цифровые видео и фотография, представляющих новое социальное пространство, которое оказывается в новых способах мировоззрения и миропонимания его человеком, в новых технологиях, формах, средствах деятельности и тому подобное. Отмечено, что сетевое взаимодействие является демократической и прозрачной. Участник сетевого взаимодействия является действующая, активная личность вокруг которой формируется коалиция и союз, что в априори образуют коллективное действие. Обосновано, что сеть – это всегда взаимодействие между индивидами направлена на организацию группы с целью формирования коллективного действия для решения тех или иных проблем. В этом случае под сетью понимается группа из трех и более человек, которые сотрудничают с целью достижения не только собственных, но и коллективных целей. Рассмотрено место доверия в сетевом взаимодействии и то какое она имеет значение для коллективного действия. Отмечено, что доверие может возникнуть только на основе общих ценностей, сопоставленного восприятия социального мира, своих собственных и других социальных практик, осознание возможности их согласования.Ключевые слова: сеть, коллективное действие, группа, взаимодействие, виртуальный мир, доверие. It is established that at the present stage of development the networks bring cardinal changes in all spheres of public life, and consequently have influence on the formation of collective action. An example of this is the World Wide Web, computer tutorials, interactive installations in art, computer animation, digital video and photography that present new social space, which is found in new ways of world outlook and worldview by the person, in new technologies, forms, tools, activities, etc. It is mentioned that network interaction is democratic and transparent. The participant of the network interaction is an active personality who forms around himself or herself the coalition and the union that a priori forms collective action. It is proved that the network is always interaction between individuals aimed at the organization of groups for the purpose of forming collective action to settle certain problems. In this case, the network is defined as a group of three or more people that collaborate to achieve both personal and collective goals. The place of trust in the network interaction and what it matters for collective action has been studied. It is noted that trust can arise only on the basis of common values, compared perception of the social world, own and other social practices, realizing the opportunity of their harmonization.Key Words: network, collective action, group, interaction, virtual world, trust.

The article investigates an important factor of democratic society – legal culture. The article analyzes the research approaches that can be used in the study of legal culture. In particular, to investigate legal culture researchers use the following approaches: subjec-tive, activity, anthropological, technological, sociological, axiological, philosophical, socio-anthropological and informationally semiotic. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the theoretical approaches in the study of legal culture are shown. It is pointed out that depending on the chosen approach in the study of legal culture, the focus of the research will be placed within research capabilities of the certain approach. Most research approaches consider different aspects of legal culture, such as sense of justice, values, practices, status and dynamics of legal culture development. This imposes certain limitations for the researchers, as it does not allow to study this topic fully. Comprehensive study of the legal culture can be carried out in terms of sociological approach. The article shows that it is a sociological approach that allows to examine all components of the legal culture, namely sense of justice and legal practices. Also within this approach, it is possible to study the status and evolution of the legal culture on different stages of society development. The study of legal culture in a modern Ukrainian society is considered as well. It is revealed that modern legal culture studies have certain disadvantages and shortcomings. In particular, sociological investigations of the legal culture in Ukraine are characterized with fragmentation and practical orientation.Keywords: legal culture, sense of justice, theoretical approaches. ; Проаналізовано дослідницькі підходи, які можна використовувати під час ви-вчення правової культури. Виявлено переваги та недоліки кожного із них у дослідженні правової культури. Запропоновано оптимальний підхід до вивчення правової культури в межах соціології.Ключові слова: правова культура, правосвідомість, теоретичні підходи.

У статті розглянуто основні проблеми, що виникають у процесі консолідації колективної дії громадянського суспільства. З'ясовано, що колективна дія цього соціального інституту є керованою і зазнає впливу таких факторів як: бідність, невизначеність у подальшому розвитку, маніпулювання тощо. Установлено, що колективна дія громадянського суспільства є сильною соціальною зброєю, яку політики часто використовують у власних інтересах. ; The basic problems appearing in the process of consolidation of collective activity of civil society have been studied. It was found out that collective activity of this social institution is controlled and is opened to the influence of such factors as poverty, uncertainty in further development, manipulation etc. It was determined that collective activity of civil society is powerful social weapons, which is often used by politicians in their own interests.

The article analyzes the normative legal acts, scientific views and approaches regarding normative-legal support of competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. The problems of selection of candidates to contest, and especially the emergence of labour relations with scientific-pedagogical workers have been analyzed. It has been highlighted that competitive selection is an important legal tool for the rational selection of personnel and to guarantee the objectivity of business, professional, moral qualities of the applicant for the position. Trends of development of social relations require rethinking of many established positions and approaches in the context of the reform of the education system of Ukraine. The main feature of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers is that, first of all, this is a kind of creative activity, a highly skilled work of the mentoring and training of specialists of higher qualification. Priority in the actual legal composition of the emergence of labor relations with scientific and pedagogical workers is competition. Competitive order of recruitment of scientific-pedagogical workers is of great importance in the selection of the teaching staff, which must possess deep professional knowledge and scientific achievements in the relevant branch of science, to have high moral qualities, to provide training and education of highly qualified specialists. The purpose of this publication is to develop concrete proposals to improve rules on the competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. Today is a great need to improve legislation in the legal regulation of the right to work of scientific-pedagogical workers. And also, it should be understood that the selection process was created to find qualified personnel, which could efficiently carry out its work.

У статті розглядається феномен ментальності особистості як системи внутрішніх глибинно-психічних соціально-культурних установок індивіда. Розглядаються та обґрунтовуються ментальний підхід до осмислення феноменів соціально-індивідуального буття. Актуалізуються філософсько-освітні аспекти становлення ментальності особистості й основні «проблемні сторони» сучасної освіти через призму ментального підходу. ; Concepts and categories used in the modern social-humanitarian knowledge for the general and aspect characteristics of phenomena of society's and humans' activities, differing in universality have, nevertheless, certain national-ethnic or ethno-cultural length. This applies to the concept of «mentality», which in recent decades has been very actively used in the human sciences. Socio-philosophical understanding of problems ' complex of modern society (socio-economic and political failures and achievements, as well as the possible prospects of development) involves a detailed and in-depth study of the mental bases of occurring and emerging social processes.The need for developing the problem of the mentality is determined by the needs of social and humanitarian sciences: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, history and others. The materialistic approach to society, that helped to clarify its structure and dynamics, focuses on the disclosure of material conditioning of humans' activities. But any particular historical society is socio-cultural education, and therefore human activity is defined by the social and cultural ties, peculiarities of psychological make-up and others. Studying mentality allows to open new determinants of human behavior on the one hand, and to enrich the content of the subject of philosophy, on the other hand.Mentality as the focus and openness of consciously mental world of the person can be seen as an ontological characteristic feature of human existence. By overrunning bodily and physical existence in the world of multi-dimensional relations, a person is able to engage in various forms of social and cultural process.

У статті розглядається феномен ментальності особистості як системи внутрішніх глибинно-психічних соціально-культурних установок індивіда. Розглядаються та обґрунтовуються ментальний підхід до осмислення феноменів соціально-індивідуального буття. Актуалізуються філософсько-освітні аспекти становлення ментальності особистості й основні «проблемні сторони» сучасної освіти через призму ментального підходу. ; Concepts and categories used in the modern social-humanitarian knowledge for the general and aspect characteristics of phenomena of society's and humans' activities, differing in universality have, nevertheless, certain national-ethnic or ethno-cultural length. This applies to the concept of «mentality», which in recent decades has been very actively used in the human sciences. Socio-philosophical understanding of problems ' complex of modern society (socio-economic and political failures and achievements, as well as the possible prospects of development) involves a detailed and in-depth study of the mental bases of occurring and emerging social processes.The need for developing the problem of the mentality is determined by the needs of social and humanitarian sciences: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, history and others. The materialistic approach to society, that helped to clarify its structure and dynamics, focuses on the disclosure of material conditioning of humans' activities. But any particular historical society is socio-cultural education, and therefore human activity is defined by the social and cultural ties, peculiarities of psychological make-up and others. Studying mentality allows to open new determinants of human behavior on the one hand, and to enrich the content of the subject of philosophy, on the other hand.Mentality as the focus and openness of consciously mental world of the person can be seen as an ontological characteristic feature of human existence. By overrunning bodily and physical existence in the world of multi-dimensional relations, a person is able to engage in various forms of social and cultural process.

У дослідженні проаналізовано сутність Болонського процесу як складної багатоаспектної сукупності реформаційних процесів у сфері вищої освіти, що відбуваються на наднаціональному, національному й інституційному рівнях. Схарактеризовано політичний, соціальний, академічний і культурний виміри змін, що здійснюються в рамках Болонського процесу. Зроблено висновки про позитиви та негативи Болонських реформ у кожному з досліджуваних вимірів. ; The study analyzed the essence of the Bologna process as a complex multidimensional set of reform processes in the field of higher education that take place at the supranational, national and institutional levels. The political, social, academic and cultural dimensions of the Bologna process are described. Conclusions are made on the positive and negative aspects of the Bologna reforms in each of the investigated dimensions.