The topic of INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS and PRAGMATICS gained its importance in the past twenty years: globalization and worldwide contacts between countries and individuals evoked the necessity to communicate inthe most successful way. Intercultural communication is derived from the following fundamental definitions: COMMUNICATION is an active relationship established between people through language, and INTERCULTURAL means a communicative relationship between people of different cultures, where culture is a structured manifestation of human behaviour in social life within specific national and local contexts, e.g. political, linguistic, economic, institutional, professional, and pragmatic. Without good knowledge of the target language rules of usage, language learners would have great difficulty in acquiring the appropriate ways to communicate language functions and may fail in interactive communications with the native speakers of the language unless they are well equipped with pragmatic knowledge of the target language. One of the means to assist the development of foreign language students' pragmatic and intercultural awareness is a text (Bardovi-Harlig 2001). [.]
The topic of INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS and PRAGMATICS gained its importance in the past twenty years: globalization and worldwide contacts between countries and individuals evoked the necessity to communicate inthe most successful way. Intercultural communication is derived from the following fundamental definitions: COMMUNICATION is an active relationship established between people through language, and INTERCULTURAL means a communicative relationship between people of different cultures, where culture is a structured manifestation of human behaviour in social life within specific national and local contexts, e.g. political, linguistic, economic, institutional, professional, and pragmatic. Without good knowledge of the target language rules of usage, language learners would have great difficulty in acquiring the appropriate ways to communicate language functions and may fail in interactive communications with the native speakers of the language unless they are well equipped with pragmatic knowledge of the target language. One of the means to assist the development of foreign language students' pragmatic and intercultural awareness is a text (Bardovi-Harlig 2001). [.]
The results of the research show that political participation of women in both analysed countries is relatively low due to social attitudes and difficulties experienced in reconciling political activities with family life and lack of education. Participation of women in the labour market in both countries is characterised by high level of employment and deep horizontal professional segregation. The high level of employment of women is partially related to the necessity determined by the economical situation to contribute to the family's maintenance. Though, for Lithuanian women jobs are also a sphere of self-realization, but the family is a smaller obstacle for participation in the labour market and for making a professional career. In Lithuania professional segregation is much lower. The article comes to the conclusion that existing differences of the status of gender in both countries are related to the influence of patriarchal attitudes, still prevailing gender role stereotypes and practical problems of reconciling work and family life. The better status of Lithuanian women in all the analysed spheres, first of all, is related to the weaker expression of the above-mentioned attitudes and stereotypes. The investigation shows that the main obstacles which impede implementation of gender equality in practice lie in Islamic cultural traditions, which are more favourable for the prevalence of patriarchal attitudes. In order to improve the status of women, it is suggested that more attention be given to education on gender equality and to special means applied at the national level, inducing equal opportunities for both genders.
The results of the research show that political participation of women in both analysed countries is relatively low due to social attitudes and difficulties experienced in reconciling political activities with family life and lack of education. Participation of women in the labour market in both countries is characterised by high level of employment and deep horizontal professional segregation. The high level of employment of women is partially related to the necessity determined by the economical situation to contribute to the family's maintenance. Though, for Lithuanian women jobs are also a sphere of self-realization, but the family is a smaller obstacle for participation in the labour market and for making a professional career. In Lithuania professional segregation is much lower. The article comes to the conclusion that existing differences of the status of gender in both countries are related to the influence of patriarchal attitudes, still prevailing gender role stereotypes and practical problems of reconciling work and family life. The better status of Lithuanian women in all the analysed spheres, first of all, is related to the weaker expression of the above-mentioned attitudes and stereotypes. The investigation shows that the main obstacles which impede implementation of gender equality in practice lie in Islamic cultural traditions, which are more favourable for the prevalence of patriarchal attitudes. In order to improve the status of women, it is suggested that more attention be given to education on gender equality and to special means applied at the national level, inducing equal opportunities for both genders.
Social work is a quite new expanding profession trying to solve different social problems. A social worker attempts to relieve the interaction of society and separate individuals in the space of their problems. The theme of this master's work is actual because media presenting the various information about social worker mostly lets to form the society opinion which is adverse for social worker. The purpose of research is to reveal the formative image of social worker in the biggest Lithuanian daily papers. These goals are set to achieve the purpose: to discuss the professional work peculiarities of social worker; to present the role of media in society opinion formation; to reveal the characteristics of social worker's image presentation in the biggest Lithuanian daily papers. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods are combining in the researching part of work. Daily papers "Respublika", "Lietuvos žinios", "Lietuvos rytas" and "Vakaro žinios" are chosen for the analysis of social worker's image in media. Daily papers period from 1st January, 2010 till 31st December, 2011 is chosen for research. 144 articles about social workers were found and analyzed during this work. During the qualitative research the image was analyzing through distinguishing implicit positive and negative attitude categories and meaningful subcategories. The possible positive image of social worker was revealed through providing social services, worker's peculiarities and the requirements of government institutions. The possible negative image was influenced by social worker's asocial behaviour client groups, negative relationships with clients and society evaluation. The analysis of research has proved that in daily papers the social worker is described in positive and negative possible aspects.
Social work is a quite new expanding profession trying to solve different social problems. A social worker attempts to relieve the interaction of society and separate individuals in the space of their problems. The theme of this master's work is actual because media presenting the various information about social worker mostly lets to form the society opinion which is adverse for social worker. The purpose of research is to reveal the formative image of social worker in the biggest Lithuanian daily papers. These goals are set to achieve the purpose: to discuss the professional work peculiarities of social worker; to present the role of media in society opinion formation; to reveal the characteristics of social worker's image presentation in the biggest Lithuanian daily papers. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods are combining in the researching part of work. Daily papers "Respublika", "Lietuvos žinios", "Lietuvos rytas" and "Vakaro žinios" are chosen for the analysis of social worker's image in media. Daily papers period from 1st January, 2010 till 31st December, 2011 is chosen for research. 144 articles about social workers were found and analyzed during this work. During the qualitative research the image was analyzing through distinguishing implicit positive and negative attitude categories and meaningful subcategories. The possible positive image of social worker was revealed through providing social services, worker's peculiarities and the requirements of government institutions. The possible negative image was influenced by social worker's asocial behaviour client groups, negative relationships with clients and society evaluation. The analysis of research has proved that in daily papers the social worker is described in positive and negative possible aspects.
The novelty of thesis topic defines the fact that social insurance and social welfare as symbiosis of social protection measures, which affect public finances, have not been thoroughly examined by scientists and government agencies. The research problem. What influence has social insurance and social welfare for Lithuania's public finance system? Research objects: Lithuanian financial, social insurance and social welfare systems. Research aim – institutional and economic assessment of the social insurance and social welfare systems on public finances. Objectives: 1. To examine financial system definitions and key aspects in scientific literature; 2. To examine legal regulation of the most important social insurance and welfare aspects. 3. To identify the most actual problems; 4. To examine social insurance and welfare funding sources. 5. To evaluate social insurance and welfare economic impact on public finance system. 6. To propose improvements for social insurance and welfare systems. Work structure. The work consists of three parts. The first part presents financial system, social insurance and social welfare theoretical and legal aspects as well as its problems. The second part justifies research problem, selects relevant research methods and presents research instrumentation. The third part evaluates social insurance and social welfare economic influence on public finance sector and proposes some solution for this system improvement. Research methods. It was applied comparative and logical analysis as well as descriptive statistical methods (graphical data visualization methods, characteristics of the numerical data) time series, scientific literature, legal documents; government institution summary reports generalization and analysis. Conclusion: National financial system consists of 4 units: national budget, non-budget funds, national credit and national companies finance. Social insurance is being financed by social insurance instalments paid by employees, employers and other insured bodies. Social welfare is being financed by national budget through local municipalities. Social security and welfare cost constitutes the largest national expenditure part – 40%. Proposals: 1. Legally regulate social insurance and welfare systems characterization and classification of subsystems: to define social insurance and welfare principles. 2. To separate government expenditure classification of "Social Insurance" into two parts social insurance and welfare costs. 3. To rearrange social pay-outs calculation system which would be associated with the amount of personal social insurance instalments.
The novelty of thesis topic defines the fact that social insurance and social welfare as symbiosis of social protection measures, which affect public finances, have not been thoroughly examined by scientists and government agencies. The research problem. What influence has social insurance and social welfare for Lithuania's public finance system? Research objects: Lithuanian financial, social insurance and social welfare systems. Research aim – institutional and economic assessment of the social insurance and social welfare systems on public finances. Objectives: 1. To examine financial system definitions and key aspects in scientific literature; 2. To examine legal regulation of the most important social insurance and welfare aspects. 3. To identify the most actual problems; 4. To examine social insurance and welfare funding sources. 5. To evaluate social insurance and welfare economic impact on public finance system. 6. To propose improvements for social insurance and welfare systems. Work structure. The work consists of three parts. The first part presents financial system, social insurance and social welfare theoretical and legal aspects as well as its problems. The second part justifies research problem, selects relevant research methods and presents research instrumentation. The third part evaluates social insurance and social welfare economic influence on public finance sector and proposes some solution for this system improvement. Research methods. It was applied comparative and logical analysis as well as descriptive statistical methods (graphical data visualization methods, characteristics of the numerical data) time series, scientific literature, legal documents; government institution summary reports generalization and analysis. Conclusion: National financial system consists of 4 units: national budget, non-budget funds, national credit and national companies finance. Social insurance is being financed by social insurance instalments paid by employees, employers and other insured bodies. Social welfare is being financed by national budget through local municipalities. Social security and welfare cost constitutes the largest national expenditure part – 40%. Proposals: 1. Legally regulate social insurance and welfare systems characterization and classification of subsystems: to define social insurance and welfare principles. 2. To separate government expenditure classification of "Social Insurance" into two parts social insurance and welfare costs. 3. To rearrange social pay-outs calculation system which would be associated with the amount of personal social insurance instalments.
This master's thesis presents the concept of social partnership, the origins of its appearance and its development. With the reference to the case law, legislation in force and academic literature, principles regulating the relations of social partnership are discussed as well as their influence on work relations. Moreover, levels and forms of social partnership are presented. This final paper provides a consistent evolution of social partnership and its development in the European Union. By the analysis the European Union law, the status and the criteria of representativeness of European social partners, their functions and a gradual increase of impact on the legislative and social and economic policy in the European Union is discussed. Also, this paper introduces with the authorities responsible for the European social dialogue. A separate section of this thesis deals with the preconditions for the emergence and development of social dialogue in Lithuania, the legal status and role of social partners and dominant forms and levels of social partnership. Greater attention is paid to the problematic aspects of representation of workers and employers, the activities of the Tripartite Council and the promotion of social dialogue instruments. With the reference to the aspects of social partnership discussed in this paper and considering the current situation, some perspectives and suggestions for social dialogue in the European Union and Lithuania are given.
This master's thesis presents the concept of social partnership, the origins of its appearance and its development. With the reference to the case law, legislation in force and academic literature, principles regulating the relations of social partnership are discussed as well as their influence on work relations. Moreover, levels and forms of social partnership are presented. This final paper provides a consistent evolution of social partnership and its development in the European Union. By the analysis the European Union law, the status and the criteria of representativeness of European social partners, their functions and a gradual increase of impact on the legislative and social and economic policy in the European Union is discussed. Also, this paper introduces with the authorities responsible for the European social dialogue. A separate section of this thesis deals with the preconditions for the emergence and development of social dialogue in Lithuania, the legal status and role of social partners and dominant forms and levels of social partnership. Greater attention is paid to the problematic aspects of representation of workers and employers, the activities of the Tripartite Council and the promotion of social dialogue instruments. With the reference to the aspects of social partnership discussed in this paper and considering the current situation, some perspectives and suggestions for social dialogue in the European Union and Lithuania are given.
The subject of the thesis: the influence of social investigation to the efficiency for the activity of educational organizations. The objective of the thesis is to determine the significance of the results of social investigation to the educational organizations. In the first part of the thesis it is made the analysis of the scientific research. It is discussed the condition of the educational institutions, the analysis of its situation and solving the problems. It is being determined the indicators of the activity for the educational organizations and it is discussed the social investigation which are being performed in the years of 2003 - 2012. Also it is being discussed the perspectives of the activity of educational institutions in order to improve their work. In the second part of the thesis it was performed an investigation by applying the method of survey by making a questionnaire and the purpose of it is to clearify the influence of social analysis for the efficiency of educational institutions. The respondents will help to identify what kind of social investigations are being applied in the educational institutions and what is their benefit for the efficiency of education. The relevancy of this thesis: the main problem is the efficiency of investigations for the educology. The investigator of the educational problems is not able to create his secondary or high school where he could try one of the other novelties of the education. Rare head of secondary school or the dean of the faculty of university will risk to rely on the scientist especially young one competence and the reality of his ideas. In the politics of education it is being permitted to apply just trustful pedagogical measures if there are no conditions for this; mostly it is not even able to reward for the teachers for their job in realizing the ideas of the scientists. In the world it is permitted a lot of narrow purposes educological scientific and methodical magazines. In the aspect of the amount of educological articles Lithuanian scientists are far from the world practice. One of the main reasons of that is the insufficient qualified culture of application of the investigation methodology. It is because of the lack of the sponsorship, the social investigations in the education sphere takes a lot of time, use the resources, the incompetence of the workers is making the influence for the results of the investigations. Hypothesis: the social investigations applied in Lithuania are not determining the results of the activity of the educational organizations. The main conclusions of the investigation: Investigation revealed the main defects for which it should be put more attention in order to improve the organization of social investigations and to improve the efficiency of the educational organizations. Relying on the opinion of the respondents it should be put more financial support while applying social investigations. Most of the employers of the educational institutions have no competence to organize and perform the social investigations. Lecturers / teachers have no time to apply the social investigations. There is no stability, clearance and concreteness. Most of the respondents think that social investigations have no big influence for the efficiency for the activity of the educational institutions.
The subject of the thesis: the influence of social investigation to the efficiency for the activity of educational organizations. The objective of the thesis is to determine the significance of the results of social investigation to the educational organizations. In the first part of the thesis it is made the analysis of the scientific research. It is discussed the condition of the educational institutions, the analysis of its situation and solving the problems. It is being determined the indicators of the activity for the educational organizations and it is discussed the social investigation which are being performed in the years of 2003 - 2012. Also it is being discussed the perspectives of the activity of educational institutions in order to improve their work. In the second part of the thesis it was performed an investigation by applying the method of survey by making a questionnaire and the purpose of it is to clearify the influence of social analysis for the efficiency of educational institutions. The respondents will help to identify what kind of social investigations are being applied in the educational institutions and what is their benefit for the efficiency of education. The relevancy of this thesis: the main problem is the efficiency of investigations for the educology. The investigator of the educational problems is not able to create his secondary or high school where he could try one of the other novelties of the education. Rare head of secondary school or the dean of the faculty of university will risk to rely on the scientist especially young one competence and the reality of his ideas. In the politics of education it is being permitted to apply just trustful pedagogical measures if there are no conditions for this; mostly it is not even able to reward for the teachers for their job in realizing the ideas of the scientists. In the world it is permitted a lot of narrow purposes educological scientific and methodical magazines. In the aspect of the amount of educological articles Lithuanian scientists are far from the world practice. One of the main reasons of that is the insufficient qualified culture of application of the investigation methodology. It is because of the lack of the sponsorship, the social investigations in the education sphere takes a lot of time, use the resources, the incompetence of the workers is making the influence for the results of the investigations. Hypothesis: the social investigations applied in Lithuania are not determining the results of the activity of the educational organizations. The main conclusions of the investigation: Investigation revealed the main defects for which it should be put more attention in order to improve the organization of social investigations and to improve the efficiency of the educational organizations. Relying on the opinion of the respondents it should be put more financial support while applying social investigations. Most of the employers of the educational institutions have no competence to organize and perform the social investigations. Lecturers / teachers have no time to apply the social investigations. There is no stability, clearance and concreteness. Most of the respondents think that social investigations have no big influence for the efficiency for the activity of the educational institutions.
The aspect of gender (equality) often goes down among other general statements defining equality of all individuals as regards such aspects as age, achievements etc. Lithuanian scientific society still lacks discussion on equality between women and men in science and equal opportunities for women and men in decision making. Male prevail in decision making bodies, composed by state, science and academic studies institutions. Participation of women and men in decision making is not proportional. In this study more substantial changes of legal regulation that are important to reconcile scientific activity and family duties are described. The attention is also drawn to the fact, that in practice science and academic institutions lack initiatives when solving specific problems that women and men experience reconciling family duties and scientific activity. Equality between women and men is one of the fundamental values of the European Union and horizontal priority in all activity areas. Equal and effective participation of both women and men in all activity areas is not only a requirement of social justice, but also a necessary precondition for further development of state's economic growth, competitiveness and welfare of the society. [.]
