GLOBALIZATION AND DEMOCRACY: SOCIAL ASPECT ; ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЯ І ДЕМОКРАТІЯ: СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ
The problem of the social foundations of democracy in the context of globalization on the methodology of Aristotle: in the unity of its quantitative and qualitative measurements is studied. The author argues the lack of understanding of democracy primarily in the quantitative characteristics of the majority – minority. Democracy, which based on the majority of the poor, does not give them freedom. Demagogues turn people into a crowd. The state with the majority of the middle class - people whose wealth is based on the "average property, but adequate" is more perfect than such a democracy. In the competition between capitalism and socialism in the XX century, the doctrine of the middle class as a social support of democracy was proclaimed and implemented in the developed countries of the West. Based on Y. Dellinger's researches (2013) and the report of the ILO about wages in the countries of the world in 2014–2015 the authors analyze the tendency of the quantitative reduction of the middle class. As a result, the authors formulate social criteria of evaluation of democracy: the proportion of the middle class as a part of the people and the extent of its relative prosperity. They suggest the themes for further research: the socialization of ownership, in particular TNC to reduce inequality of the average class with the rich; people's defense mechanisms from the concentration of wealth and power in alliance of the oligarchy with the state bureaucracy, in particular, the revolutionary tradition in the system of law sources.Key words: democracy, qualitative and quantitative measurement of democracy, the middle class, absenteeism. ; Досліджується проблема соціальної основи демократії за методологією Арістотеля: в єдності кількісного (більшість – меншість) і якісного (свобода, заможність, освіченість, благородство) її вимірів. Обґрунтовуються соціальні критерії оцінки стану соціальної основи демократії: питома вага середнього класу в складі народу та достатній відносно класу багатих рівень його життя. Аналізуються загрози середньому класу і демократії, викликані тенденціями росту відносної соціальної нерівності та скорочення робочих місць середнього класу на ринку праці внаслідок глобалізації економіки. Ключові слова: демократія, кількісний і якісний виміри демократії, середній клас, абсентеїзм. Исследуется проблема социальной основы демократии по методологии Аристотеля: в единстве количественного (большинство – меньшинство) и качественного (свобода, достаток, образованность, благородство) ее измерений. Аргументируются социальные критерии оценки социальной основы демократии: удельный вес среднего класса в составе народа и достаточный относительно класса богатых уровень его жизни. Анализируются угрозы среднему классу и демократии, вызванные тенденциями роста относительного социального неравенства и сокращения рабочих мест среднего класса на рынке труда вследствие глобализации экономики. Ключевые слова: демократия, количественное и качественное измерения демократии, средний класс, абсентеизм. The problem of the social foundations of democracy in the context of globalization on the methodology of Aristotle: in the unity of its quantitative and qualitative measurements is studied. The author argues the lack of understanding of democracy primarily in the quantitative characteristics of the majority – minority. Democracy, which based on the majority of the poor, does not give them freedom. Demagogues turn people into a crowd. The state with the majority of the middle class - people whose wealth is based on the "average property, but adequate" is more perfect than such a democracy. In the competition between capitalism and socialism in the XX century, the doctrine of the middle class as a social support of democracy was proclaimed and implemented in the developed countries of the West. Based on Y. Dellinger's researches (2013) and the report of the ILO about wages in the countries of the world in 2014–2015 the authors analyze the tendency of the quantitative reduction of the middle class. As a result, the authors formulate social criteria of evaluation of democracy: the proportion of the middle class as a part of the people and the extent of its relative prosperity. They suggest the themes for further research: the socialization of ownership, in particular TNC to reduce inequality of the average class with the rich; people's defense mechanisms from the concentration of wealth and power in alliance of the oligarchy with the state bureaucracy, in particular, the revolutionary tradition in the system of law sources. Key words: democracy, qualitative and quantitative measurement of democracy, the middle class, absenteeism.