Suchergebnisse

As the world's population increases every day, so does their need for food. Most of the world's population lives in urban centres away from food production sites. To reduce food dependence, the urban population turns to food production within the city, urban agriculture (UA). Attention to urban agriculture has increased rapidly during the last couple of decades. Enthusiasm for UA is growing on an international and domestic level, also with the scholar community. Still, there are policy makers that struggle to implement UA with city planning. Over time, various forms of agriculture production in the city have evolved, divided into three main categories: urban agriculture, peri-urban agriculture, and urban farms. In addition to its multiple impacts (economic and ecological), UA has a significant holistic approach. It appears differently depending on the context. Some of the social effects of urban agriculture can be: fostering activism, gender equality, social cohesion and social inclusion, education, and preservation of cultural heritage. There are many examples of urban agriculture in the world, often with an economic or environmental role as the primary one. However, in this paper, firstly, we analyse various social aspects, and secondly, we present examples from Croatia, where the primary purposes are social benefits. ; Kako se svjetsko stanovništvo svakodnevno povećava, tako se povećava i njihova potreba za hranom. Većina svjetske populacije nalazi se u urbanim središtima daleko od mjesta proizvodnje hrane. Kako bi se smanjila ovisnost o hrani, gradsko se stanovništvo okreće proizvodnji hrane u gradu, odnosno gradskoj poljoprivredi (GP). Naklonost prema gradskoj poljoprivredi povećava se u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Oduševljenje GP raste na međunarodnoj i domaćoj razini, ali i u znanstvenoj zajednici. Nažalost, političari na lokalnoj razini teško se odlučuju za implementaciju GP u urbanističko planiranje. Razvojem poljoprivredne proizvodnje u gradu, pojavili su se različiti tipovi GP, podijeljeni u tri glavne kategorije: gradska poljoprivreda, prigradska poljoprivreda i gradski uzgoj. Osim višestrukih utjecaja (ekonomskih i ekoloških), GP ima značajan holistički pristup. Pojavljuje se na različite načine, te je izrazito lokalnog karaktera. Neki od društvenih učinaka GP mogu biti: poticanje civilnog aktivizma, ravnopravnosti spolova, društvena kohezija i socijalna uključenost, obrazovanje i očuvanje kulturne baštine. U svijetu postoji mnogo primjera gradske poljoprivrede, često s ekonomskom ili ekološkom ulogom kao primarnom. Međutim, u našem radu navodimo primjere iz Hrvatske s primarnom društvenom ulogom, te zaključno iznosimo perspektivu razvoja navedene uloge gradske poljoprivrede.

Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan's influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic's markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study.

Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan's influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic's markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study.

Economic, financial and political development has strongly influenced on the textile industry, which accelerated the pace of change. In order to catch the pace it is necessary to take certain steps now or in the near future. The Far East countries record high economic growth, while other, mostly developed industrial countries growth has considerably declined. Consumer behaviour tends to restrain from purchasing of clothing products, raw material prices are growing and lack of raw materials on the market is noticeable. These trends are causing a certain amount of restlessness in the textile industry. The textile and clothing industry have their distinctive features visible in a manufacturing sector which dominantly depends on brand name firms that spread their business all over the world. Production mainly takes place in developing and fast growing countries, since their production destinations, working conditions and wages are most affordable. For example, about 90% of clothing items sold in northern countries are produced in Eastern Europe or at the Far East. At the same time, in the northern countries, where most of clothing products are sold, manufacturing facilities of the clothing industry almost doesn't exist.

If we as scientists cannot decide upon what research, monitoring and technical tools should be used as a basis for policy making and management within the European context, then the politicians and other decision makers will continue to follow the line of 'weak' sustainability (applying monetary substitution rules to natural capital) instead of 'strong' sustainability (applying alternative rules such as the precautionary principle). Suitable integral indicators or indices matching the 'ecosystem approach' (EA) and thus covering ecological as well as socio-economic aspects are required. There is, however, a clear friction between what can be delivered in terms of useful '(integral) indicators' and what decision makers require us to deliver in terms of 'simple, cheap, easy to understand' while the real situation is extremely complex. This social, economic and ecological complexity has been an important impediment to the realisation of an EA that should guarantee 'sustainability'. What is missing since the publication of the Brundtland report is technical co-operation between the decision makers and the natural and social scientists. To achieve development of integral indicators we propose to make the Odum food web concepts functional by the application of ecological network analysis (ENA) and at a scale where socio-economic and ecological information can be integrated, which is the 'habitat' level. At the habitat level ecological functioning (natural compartment), human activities (economic compartment) and ecosystem functions to humans (socio-ecological compartment) can be designated and measured. This process can further be facilitated by the use of the Driver-Pressure-State change-Impact-Response (DPSIR) approach. To facilitate weighing and decision making multi-criteria techniques can be used.

Regulatory mode theory distinguishes between two components, or modes, of effective self-regulation: locomotion and assessment. Locomotion refers to psychological state-to-state movement. Assessment refers to goal evaluation and means of goal achievement. The primary aim of this review is to synthesize the cognitive, neural, and social aspects and underpinnings of regulatory mode theory. This review also explores implications of regulatory mode theory on well-being and decision-making within and among groups and individuals. With an integrative research approach on the mechanisms and implications of regulatory mode theory across multiple domains and levels of analysis, we suggest new research directions by exposing lapses in the literature and by providing a foundation for novel explorations of regulatory mode theory.

EN: The paper deals with the relevant problems of religion in the Kazakhstan society and social components of the national unity in the historical prerequisites. The authors have studied the Alash intelligentsia, particularly, their influence on the formation of the public opinion regarding the acute religious problems. The authors have also considered the problem of the religious fanaticism in the context of the state's choice of the way for the secular way of development. They have concluded that the government having based on the secular and democratic principles, adopted various measures to solve the religious disagreements in the country. ES: El documento aborda los problemas relevantes de la religión en la sociedad de Kazajstán y los componentes sociales de la unidad nacional en los requisitos históricos. Los autores han estudiado la intelectualidad Alash, en particular, su influencia en la formación de la opinión pública sobre los problemas religiosos agudos. Los autores también han considerado el problema del fanatismo religioso en el contexto de la elección del estado como el camino para el desarrollo secular. Han llegado a la conclusión de que el gobierno, basándose en los principios seculares y democráticos, adoptó diversas medidas para resolver los desacuerdos religiosos en el país.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

In the research process the landscape space of Latvian rehabilitation centers was inspected and analyzed within the social context. The centers were singled out not only by their aesthetical quality, but also by their functional landscape values contained. Rehabilitation gardens and parks are spaces, where people do more than receive medical treatment, they can relax surrounded by nature, engage in physical activities and rest without taking into account ones social status, age, gender, nationality, political views and religion. The goal is to summarize how Latvian rehabilitation gardens and parks promote patients' physical activities in open space and analyze the functional quality of landscape of Latvian rehabilitation gardens and parks. Considering the quality of rehabilitation center environment, it is important to evaluated their accessibility and usability by possibly greater user spectrum that is characterized as a universal design. In Latvia a conceptual direction of design like this is relatively new, but already positively accepted and applied by specialists. Open space designs of rehabilitation center landscaping directly influence how a person feels and lives in the landscape. They sculpt not only the material quality of the environment, but also improve people's communication facility and attitude towards one another. It is important for the environment of Latvian rehabilitation institutions to be friendly, because they are created for the use by all social groups and individuals by applying universal standard principles for open space improvement. Santrauka Tiriant Latvijos reabilitacijos centrų sodų ir parkų erdves, pagrindinis dėmesys buvo skiriamas socialiniam aspektui, gilinantis ne tik į estetines savybes, bet ir į funkcines kraštovaizdžio vertes. Reabilitacijos centrų sodų ir parkų erdvėse žmonės ne tik mediciniškai gydomi, bet ir turi galimybę atsipalaiduoti gamtoje, užsiimti fizine veikla ir ilsėtis nepaisant asmens socialinio statuso, amžiaus, lyties, tautybės, politinių pažiūrų ar religijos. Straipsnio tikslas– apibendrinti, kaip Latvijos reabilitacijos centrų sodai ir parkai skatina pacientų fizinę veiklą atvirame ore analizuojant reabilitacijos centrų sodų ir parkų kraštovaizdžio funkcinę kokybę. Kalbant apie reabilitacijos centrų aplinkos kokybę, būtina pabrėžti jų prieinamumą ir naudojimą galimam platesniam veiklos spektrui, įvardijamam projekto universalumu. Latvijoje ši konceptuali projektavimo kryptis yra reliatyviai nauja, bet jau pripažinta ir palankiai vertinama specialistų. Reabilitacijos centrų sodų ir parkų erdvės daro tiesioginę įtaką žmogus savijautai kraštovaizdyje. Jos formuoja ne tik materialią aplinkos kokybę, bet kartu lengvina žmonių gebėjimą bendrauti ir tarpusavio nusistatymą. Svarbu, kad Latvijos reabilitacijos centrų institucijos kurtų palankias sąlygas naudoti jų sodų ir parkų erdves bet kuriai socialinei grupei ar asmeniui pagal universalius standartinius atvirųjų erdvių tobulinimo principus. Reikšminiai žodžiai:reabilitacijos centrų sodai ir parkai, universalus projektavimas, kraštovaizdžio panauda, prieinamumas, socialinis aspektas.

The global economy is in the throes of the strongest recession in history. This process is having direct negative impacts on the economic and social aspects of living standards. The EU and its candidate countries have their current policies oriented towards social security and the social protection of their citizens. This paper analyzes several questions: How are the EU countries facing the threats of the crisis? Are there possibilities for protecting the people affected with social risks? How is social policy in the EU prepared for such threats? What could help policies of social cohesion and which aspects of social development and opportunity exist for the people? How realistic are they? Should social policies in such periods be oriented to maintain the stability of the societies? Examining the social environment in small countries such as the Republic of Macedonia, how could they be organized towards realization of social policy during negative developmental periods? Are there some opportunities for better outcomes in small countries, or will they face the same threats, risks and consequences? Additional factors are analyzed concerning the expectations of the people and the possibilities for entrepreneurs and businessman to discover and to use their chances. Even in periods of crisis, there are some opportunities that should be highlighted and presented as market chances. Identifying them, examining how they are linked, and discussing how to offer innovation and to realize these market chances during times of economic crisis are the main focal points of this paper.

Public procurement concentrates large public sector's purchasing power, and has a significant impact on each country's economic development. The purpose of public procurement procedure is transparency, non-discrimination and accordance to the principles of fair competition in acquisition of goods, services and works necessary for the smooth functioning of the public administration. Besides, public procurement can be one of the most important instruments for sustainable development and other purposes useful to the whole society and the economy of the country. This article briefly discusses the concept of sustainable public procurement, reveals its main ideas and applications. One of them, the social sphere, was chosen the main object of the research. The possibility to decrease unemployment, to increase an integration of socially vulnerable group, and to achieve other socially-oriented goals through an effective implementation of the social aspect of sustainable public procurement has been illustrated. Thus, the article analyses the concept of social procurement, assesses the current situation in Lithuania, overviews the good practice of other countries and provides recommendations for measures to extend the application of socially oriented procurement.

Public procurement concentrates large public sector's purchasing power, and has a significant impact on each country's economic development. The purpose of public procurement procedure is transparency, non-discrimination and accordance to the principles of fair competition in acquisition of goods, services and works necessary for the smooth functioning of the public administration. Besides, public procurement can be one of the most important instruments for sustainable development and other purposes useful to the whole society and the economy of the country. This article briefly discusses the concept of sustainable public procurement, reveals its main ideas and applications. One of them, the social sphere, was chosen the main object of the research. The possibility to decrease unemployment, to increase an integration of socially vulnerable group, and to achieve other socially-oriented goals through an effective implementation of the social aspect of sustainable public procurement has been illustrated. Thus, the article analyses the concept of social procurement, assesses the current situation in Lithuania, overviews the good practice of other countries and provides recommendations for measures to extend the application of socially oriented procurement.

Shahnameh is the most significant Persian epic masterpiece and it is the world's lengthiest epic poem written by a single poet. Shahnameh mainly describes mythical and historical dimensions of the Persian Empire in series of stories. The manifestation of love in the stories of Shahnameh is a real stimulus to prowess and epic. In this regard, Ferdowsi delicately paid attention in developing women characters of Shahnameh. In this article, it is tried to investigate mythical, lyrical and social aspects of women in different sections of Shahnameh. Mythical aspects of Shahnameh including zoroastrian beliefs are reviewed. The lyrical bases including poetry, playing, loving and marriage are considered in this research. And many women such as Roodabeh, Tahmineh and Jarirehwho contribute to lyrical aspects of Shahnameh are found and their character and other related dimensions are investigated and described. Interestingly it is found that in Shahnameh stories, gallantry alone cannot help a hero reach his goals unless love and affection are combined with it. Also, our research shows that some women in Shahnameh express their love consciously over their beloved man. Further, social roles of women in the romantic stories are categorised in political, martial, and artistic forms and further discussed. ; Shahnameh es la obra maestra épica persa más importante y es el poema épico más extenso del mundo escrito por un solo poeta. Shahnameh describe principalmente las dimensiones míticas e históricas del Imperio persa en una serie de historias. La manifestación del amor en las historias de Shahnameh es un verdadero estímulo para la destreza y la épica. En este sentido, Ferdowsi prestó atención delicadamente en el desarrollo de personajes femeninos de Shahnameh. En este artículo, se intenta investigar aspectos míticos, líricos y sociales de las mujeres en diferentes secciones de Shahnameh. Se revisan aspectos míticos de Shahnameh, incluidas las creencias zoroastrianas. Las bases líricas que incluyen poesía, juego, amor y ...