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World Affairs Online
The OCDE scheme for the application of international standards for fruit and vegetables
In: International standardisation of fruit and vegetables.
Private standards in the United States and European Union markets for fruit and vegetables: implications for developing countries
In: FAO commodity studies 3
Over the past 20 years the number of standards and certification programs for agricultural production has grown rapidly. Producers who want to export are confronted not only by a plethora of import regulations, but also within import countries by different niche markets for which specific requirements have to be fulfilled. While the adoption of voluntary standards may grant export opportunities to farmers, they can also be considered barriers to entry for those who cannot apply them either because they are too onerous or because of the lack of knowledge about their requirements. In fact, some producers and exporters increasingly regard private standards as non-tariff barriers to trade. New and more stringent standards are being developed year after year, and there is an urgent need to determine today, and in the future, the extent to which these govern world trade. This report gives an overview of standards and certification programs relevant for fruit and vegetable producers and exporters in developing countries with a focus on the markets of the United States and the European Union. In addition, it gives an overview of current analytical work on standards and trade, reviews major assistance programs related to standards and provides recommendations for further research.--Publisher's description
Do EU member states apply food standards uniformly?: A look at fruit and vegetable safety notifications
In: Journal of common market studies: JCMS, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 387-405
ISSN: 0021-9886
World Affairs Online
The Banana regime of the European Union, the Caribbean, and Latin America
In: Journal of Inter-American studies and world affairs, Band 39, S. 5-36
ISSN: 0022-1937
Examines background conditions and problems that led to adoption of a new EU banana trade policy; reactions in Latin America, the Caribbean, the US, and Europe. Banana Protocol attached to the Fourth Lomé Convention and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Framework Agreement; roles of Standard Fruit (Chiquita), United Fruit (Dole), and Del Monte.
Value-adding standards in the North American food market: trade opportunities in certified products for developing countries
In: FAO commodities and trade technical paper 11
This publication analyzes the use of voluntary standards and certification schemes in the food markets of the United States of America and Canada. The main product categories examined are tropical fruits, coffee and cocoa owing to their economic significance to many developing countries and their high market potential in North America.--Publisher's description
The socialist good life: desire, development, and standards of living in Eastern Europe
"What does the good life mean in a "backward" place? As communist regimes denigrated widespread unemployment and consumer excess in Western countries, socialist Eastern European states simultaneously legitimized their power through their apparent ability to satisfy consumers' needs. Moving beyond binaries of production and consumption, the essays collected here examine the lessons consumption studies can offer about ethnic and national identity and the role of economic expertise in shaping consumer behavior. From Polish VCRs to Ukrainian fashion boutiques, tropical fruits in the GDR to cinemas in Belgrade, The Socialist Good Life explores what consumption means in a worker state where communist ideology emphasizes collective needs over individual pleasures."--
Sweet fruits - good for everyone?: record of the international expert meeting of the German Commission for Justice and Peace on 16 January 2014 in Berlin ; rural development through self-organisations, value chains and social standards
In: Schriftenreihe Gerechtigkeit und Frieden 128e
Literaturverz. S. [81] - 84
Gender Research as Labor Activism: The Women's Bureau in the New Era
In: Journal of policy history: JPH, Band 20, Heft 4, S. 482-515
ISSN: 0898-0306
Child labor in America: a history
"Until the close of the 19th century, many children in America were employed in farming, mills and mines or sold newspapers and fruits and vegetables on the streets. It took the Great Depression and New Deal legislation to pass the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (and receive the support of the Supreme Court)"--
The birth of big business in the United States, 1860 - 1914: commercial, extractive, and industrial enterprise
Introduction -- American business in the Civil War -- Giant business in communications and transportation -- The commercial response to a mass market -- The United Fruit Company -- The Singer Sewing Machine Company -- Giant farms -- The American Sugar Refining Company -- The American Tobacco Company -- The forest products industry -- Mining -- Standard Oil Corporation -- United States Steel Corporation -- The meat packers.
La Russie face à la mondialisation: la voie du trans-impérialisme
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Heft 1, S. 83-96
ISSN: 0032-342X
World Affairs Online