Suchergebnisse

В статье обосновывается актуальность и важность темы защиты прав мигрантов, даются основы миграционного законодательства, проводится анализ недостатков действующего законодательства, состояние законности, предмет прокурорского надзора за исполнением миграционного законодательства, анализ практики прокурорского реагирования на различные нарушения прав мигрантов, сформулированы предложения об усилении эффективности прокурорского надзора. ; The urgency and importance of subject matter of protection of the rights of migrants proves in article, bases of the migratory legislation are given. Examine conditions of applicable legislation, state of legality, subject matter of public prosecutor`s supervision of execution of the migratory legislation, the analysis of practice of public prosecutor`s reaction to various infringements of the rights of migrants, stated offers on streng-thening efficiency of public prosecutor`s supervision.

This study is about the formation and spread of the Sungusungu movement in Tanzania that arose in the early 1980s among the Sukuma-Nyamwezi people in west-central Tanzania, south of Lake Victoria. In the wake of the international oil crisis in the 1970s, aggravated by the costly war with Uganda that led to the demise of Idi Amin's regime in 1979, the country experienced a period of deep economic and social crisis with inflation, collapsing markets, a shortage of basic commodities and a breakdown of law and order, signified by increasing levels of violent crime, such as organized cattle theft and banditry in the rural areas. It was against this backdrop that people began to organize and arm themselves to cope with the disintegrating and malevolent forces they were experiencing, not only as an existential threat to their daily lives but to society at large. The quest for everyday peace, mhola, among people was omnipresent and the movement swept like a bush-fire from village to village over the large Sukuma-Nyamwezi area and beyond. Within only a couple of years several million people were involved in or affected by it. The emergence of Sungusungu in its particular sociocultural context constitutes a generic moment that sparks a process with, over time, many different far-reaching social, political and judicial repercussions. Based on long-term fieldwork engagements and an extensive literature review, the study sets out to trace the trajectory of the movement in its various cultural, social and political details from its early emergence as a genuine localized popular movement and then, over time until the present, through a series of various interventions that gradually transformed it into institutionalized forms of community policing under state supervision and control, emulated all over Tanzania and spread even to parts of Kenya.

This study is about the formation and spread of the Sungusungu movement in Tanzania that arose in the early 1980s among the Sukuma-Nyamwezi people in west-central Tanzania, south of Lake Victoria. In the wake of the international oil crisis in the 1970s, aggravated by the costly war with Uganda that led to the demise of Idi Amin's regime in 1979, the country experienced a period of deep economic and social crisis with inflation, collapsing markets, a shortage of basic commodities and a breakdown of law and order, signified by increasing levels of violent crime, such as organized cattle theft and banditry in the rural areas. It was against this backdrop that people began to organize and arm themselves to cope with the disintegrating and malevolent forces they were experiencing, not only as an existential threat to their daily lives but to society at large. The quest for everyday peace, mhola, among people was omnipresent and the movement swept like a bush-fire from village to village over the large Sukuma-Nyamwezi area and beyond. Within only a couple of years several million people were involved in or affected by it. The emergence of Sungusungu in its particular sociocultural context constitutes a generic moment that sparks a process with, over time, many different far-reaching social, political and judicial repercussions. Based on long-term fieldwork engagements and an extensive literature review, the study sets out to trace the trajectory of the movement in its various cultural, social and political details from its early emergence as a genuine localized popular movement and then, over time until the present, through a series of various interventions that gradually transformed it into institutionalized forms of community policing under state supervision and control, emulated all over Tanzania and spread even to parts of Kenya.

Our research aims to examine an information system through television newscasts in the context of Congo's new information ecosystem linked to the eruption of cross-border media and social media. This study was clearly long-term, addressing the study of television from the 1990s to the year 2018, and was devoted to the socio-historical analysis of television, the specific examination of television news programs, appropriation of information in Congolese context. Refusing to lock ourselves into the examination of a closed communication space, we have broadened our research by putting the concept of public space into perspective. At the end of this journey, it appeared that the media organizations Tele-Congo and DRTV remain under state supervision following the socio-historical heritage of television in the Congo. As a result, there is a national television mediation shared between the game of the institutional (Télé-Congo) and the game of proximity (DRTV) in the construction of JT This double national TV mediation is justified by the embryonic nature of the cultural industries and communication in the country. In the same way, it was revealed through these results, a negotiated appropriation of the contents of the J.T. and the information in Congolese context, testifying to the mutations of the construction of the social link and the fragmentation of the public sphere. Finally, this study allowed us to highlight the deployment of a fragmented public sphere in a Congolese context between a political public sphere in Tele-Congo, a societal public sphere in DRTV and an "alternative" societal public sphere on cross-border televisions and socio-digital media. This research paves the way for other avenues of research that will be part of the broadening of the types of programs, the number of transmitters, other types of media, the various corpora in terms of number of programs, surveyed persons and localities covered by the survey. ; Notre recherche vise l'examen d'un dispositif informationnel à travers les journaux ...

The actuality of this topic is The Ukrainian legislation hasn't had sourc­es which describe the procedure of ad­ministrative infractions at the marine transport. Inspite of having such a wide variety of by-laws, which describes pro­cedures of administrative infractions at the various kinds of transport, e. g.: at railway transport, at road transport, etc. The main aim of solving the prob­lem is so as to realize theoretical and practical sources, skills of administra­tive process into the Ukrainian state supervision port inspection of trade sea port's (USSPI TSP) administra­tive — jurisdiction activity. Also author makes a theoretical comparison and a theoretical analyze using the adminis­trative process theory, by-laws such as: the code of administrative violations of Ukraine; the Transport department's or­der about the order of making materials the procedure of administrative infrac­tions at the railway transport, in order to create the most convenient variant for USSPI TSP for realizing the proce­dure of administrative infractions at the marine transport. ; У цій статті автор проводить теоретичний аналіз і зіставлення теорії адміністративного процесу, теорії морського права, а також по­ложень таких джерел законодавства: Кодексу України про адміністратив­ні правопорушення 07.12.1984 р.; Наказу Міністерства транспорту і зв'язку України «Про затверджен­ня Порядку оформлення матеріалів про адміністративні правопору­шення на залізничному транспор­ті» від 12.04.2006 р. № 337 з метою знаходження прийнятного варіанта структури проваджень у справах про адміністративні правопорушення на морському транспорті, для застосу­вання на практиці ІДПН морського торговельного порту України. ; Актуальністю даної теми є та об­ставина, що на законодавчому рівні відсутня чітка правова регламента­ція провадження у справах про ад­міністративні правопорушення на морському транспорті, що здійснює Інспекція державного портового на­ гляду морського торговельного порту України (ІДПН морського торговель­ного порту України). Це виражаєть­ся як у відсутності нормативно - правових актів (законів), так і у відсутності підзаконних норматив­но-правових актів (наказів, інструк­цій, положень).

At the time of many Grenoble fiftieth anniversary celebrations - that of the AURG Urban Planning Agency of Grenoble Region in 2017, that of the Winter Olympics in 2018, that of the Villeneuve -, we propose a history of the Institut d'Urbanisme de Grenoble based on an original exploration of its archives as well as on interviews of former teachers and students. Founded in 1969 under the name Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche - Urbanisation, Aménagement, the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (attached to the University of Social Sciences and later to the University Grenoble-Alpes) emerged from the effervescence of May 1968 but also from the election a few years earlier (1965) of a team inspired by a renewed municipal socialism (Municipal Action Group led by Hubert Dubedout). In order to emancipate itself from state supervision, the "Grenoble urban laboratory" then acquired both an Urban Planning Agency and a training and experimentation tool in the field of teaching and research in urbanism, urbanization and planning. Why are we talking about experimentation? Because the initial pedagogical project is not common. Contrary to other trainings in urban planning from the same period, in Grenoble, in an Institute "ouvert à quatre vents", they focused on a dual training: on one hand a doctoral program, that led to a PhD and on the other hand continuing education. Research seminars, internships and case studies (before being called field workshops then project workshops) formed the students' schedules. By analyzing the links to the professional, political and activist worlds, by understanding the relations with other academic disciplines (architecture, law, economics, engineering, geography, psychology and sociology) and with urban research and contractual structures Finally, by studying, finally, the processes of institutionalization and territorial anchoring, we demonstrate how and when Grenoble's pedagogy of urban planning has proved innovative. The foundations and scope of this training will be discussed. ...

At the time of many Grenoble fiftieth anniversary celebrations - that of the AURG Urban Planning Agency of Grenoble Region in 2017, that of the Winter Olympics in 2018, that of the Villeneuve -, we propose a history of the Institut d'Urbanisme de Grenoble based on an original exploration of its archives as well as on interviews of former teachers and students. Founded in 1969 under the name Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche - Urbanisation, Aménagement, the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (attached to the University of Social Sciences and later to the University Grenoble-Alpes) emerged from the effervescence of May 1968 but also from the election a few years earlier (1965) of a team inspired by a renewed municipal socialism (Municipal Action Group led by Hubert Dubedout). In order to emancipate itself from state supervision, the "Grenoble urban laboratory" then acquired both an Urban Planning Agency and a training and experimentation tool in the field of teaching and research in urbanism, urbanization and planning. Why are we talking about experimentation? Because the initial pedagogical project is not common. Contrary to other trainings in urban planning from the same period, in Grenoble, in an Institute "ouvert à quatre vents", they focused on a dual training: on one hand a doctoral program, that led to a PhD and on the other hand continuing education. Research seminars, internships and case studies (before being called field workshops then project workshops) formed the students' schedules. By analyzing the links to the professional, political and activist worlds, by understanding the relations with other academic disciplines (architecture, law, economics, engineering, geography, psychology and sociology) and with urban research and contractual structures Finally, by studying, finally, the processes of institutionalization and territorial anchoring, we demonstrate how and when Grenoble's pedagogy of urban planning has proved innovative. The foundations and scope of this training will be discussed. ...

At the time of many Grenoble fiftieth anniversary celebrations - that of the AURG Urban Planning Agency of Grenoble Region in 2017, that of the Winter Olympics in 2018, that of the Villeneuve -, we propose a history of the Institut d'Urbanisme de Grenoble based on an original exploration of its archives as well as on interviews of former teachers and students. Founded in 1969 under the name Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche - Urbanisation, Aménagement, the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (attached to the University of Social Sciences and later to the University Grenoble-Alpes) emerged from the effervescence of May 1968 but also from the election a few years earlier (1965) of a team inspired by a renewed municipal socialism (Municipal Action Group led by Hubert Dubedout). In order to emancipate itself from state supervision, the "Grenoble urban laboratory" then acquired both an Urban Planning Agency and a training and experimentation tool in the field of teaching and research in urbanism, urbanization and planning. Why are we talking about experimentation? Because the initial pedagogical project is not common. Contrary to other trainings in urban planning from the same period, in Grenoble, in an Institute "ouvert à quatre vents", they focused on a dual training: on one hand a doctoral program, that led to a PhD and on the other hand continuing education. Research seminars, internships and case studies (before being called field workshops then project workshops) formed the students' schedules. By analyzing the links to the professional, political and activist worlds, by understanding the relations with other academic disciplines (architecture, law, economics, engineering, geography, psychology and sociology) and with urban research and contractual structures Finally, by studying, finally, the processes of institutionalization and territorial anchoring, we demonstrate how and when Grenoble's pedagogy of urban planning has proved innovative. The foundations and scope of this training will be discussed. ...

At the time of many Grenoble fiftieth anniversary celebrations - that of the AURG Urban Planning Agency of Grenoble Region in 2017, that of the Winter Olympics in 2018, that of the Villeneuve -, we propose a history of the Institut d'Urbanisme de Grenoble based on an original exploration of its archives as well as on interviews of former teachers and students. Founded in 1969 under the name Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche - Urbanisation, Aménagement, the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (attached to the University of Social Sciences and later to the University Grenoble-Alpes) emerged from the effervescence of May 1968 but also from the election a few years earlier (1965) of a team inspired by a renewed municipal socialism (Municipal Action Group led by Hubert Dubedout). In order to emancipate itself from state supervision, the "Grenoble urban laboratory" then acquired both an Urban Planning Agency and a training and experimentation tool in the field of teaching and research in urbanism, urbanization and planning. Why are we talking about experimentation? Because the initial pedagogical project is not common. Contrary to other trainings in urban planning from the same period, in Grenoble, in an Institute "ouvert à quatre vents", they focused on a dual training: on one hand a doctoral program, that led to a PhD and on the other hand continuing education. Research seminars, internships and case studies (before being called field workshops then project workshops) formed the students' schedules. By analyzing the links to the professional, political and activist worlds, by understanding the relations with other academic disciplines (architecture, law, economics, engineering, geography, psychology and sociology) and with urban research and contractual structures Finally, by studying, finally, the processes of institutionalization and territorial anchoring, we demonstrate how and when Grenoble's pedagogy of urban planning has proved innovative. The foundations and scope of this training will be discussed. ...

The article addresses the issue of change in the government-university relationships. As has become increasingly clear for both analysts of higher education policy and for administrators in higher education institutions, a fundamental shift in the relationship between national governments and higher education institutions is taking place in many Western European countries. In some countries, these changes are occurring at greater speed than in others, but movement to what has been labelled "state supervision" is quite dominant. The first part of the article analyses the rationale for this change at system level by tracing its historical imperatives; after which it discusses the concept of the supervisory governance model. The second part focuses in particular on one of the key of this objective and what doing so implies for the role and function of higher education institutions. By focussing on the specific issue of diversity, the authors intend to demonstrate the dynamic relationship between governments and higher education institutions that is implied in the supervisory model. ; Artykuł jest poświęcony zmianom w stosunkach między rządem i uniwersytetem. Zarówno dla analizujących politykę wobec szkolnictwa wyższego, jak i dla zarządzających szkołami wyższymi coraz bardziej oczywisty staje się fakt, że w wielu państwach Europy Zachodniej dokonują się zasadnicze zmiany w relacjach między państwem a instytucjami szkolnictwa wyższego. W niektórych krajach zmiany te zachodzą szybciej niż w pozostałych, lecz powszechna jest tendencja do przeobrażania stanu nazwanego "regulacją państwową" . W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy zajmują się systemowymi determinantami tych zmian, eksponując czynniki historyczne, oraz sposobem tworzenia państwowej regulacji. W drugiej części koncentrują się na jednym z kluczowych celów polityki w stosunku do szkół wyższych, to jest na problemie różnorodności i instrumentach realizacji strategii regulacji, a także na skutkach, jakie one wywierają w sferze misji oraz zadań szkół wyższych. Koncentrując się na problemie różnorodności, autorzy starają się pokazać zmiany zachodzące - pod wpływem modelu regulacji - w stosunkach między państwem a szkołami wyższymi.

BackgroundChile has recently been reclassified by the World Bank from an upper-middle-income country to a high-income country. There has been great progress in the last 20 to 30 years in relation to air and water pollution in Chile. Yet after 25 years of unrestrained growth, there remain clear challenges posed by air and water pollution, as well as climate change.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review environmental health in Chile.MethodsIn late 2013, a 3-day workshop on environmental health was held in Santiago, Chile, bringing together researchers and government policymakers. As a follow-up to that workshop, here we review the progress made in environmental health in the past 20 to 30 years and discuss the challenges of the future. We focus on air and water pollution and climate change, which we believe are among the most important areas of environmental health in Chile.ResultsAir pollution in some cities remains among the highest in the continent. Potable water is generally available, but weak state supervision has led to serious outbreaks of infectious disease and ongoing issues with arsenic exposure in some regions. Climate change modeling in Chile is quite sophisticated, and a number of the impacts of climate change can be reasonably predicted in terms of which areas of the country are most likely to be affected by increased temperature and decreased availability of water, as well as expansion of vector territory. Some health effects, including changes in vector-borne diseases and excess heat mortality, can be predicted. However, there has yet to be an integration of such research with government planning.ConclusionsAlthough great progress has been made, currently there are a number of problems. We suspect that the Chilean experience in environmental health may be of some use for other Latin American countries with rapid economic development.

Рассматривается вопрос об осуществлении контроля в сфере строительства и эксплуатации городского электрического транспорта (трамвая) различными органами государственной власти в Российской империи в конце XIX начале XX в. На примере конкретных фактов описывается применение действовавшего в то время соответствовавшего законодательства. Кроме того, анализируется история изучения данного вопроса в различные периоды. ; The article discusses the exercise control over the area of construction and operation of urban electric transit (tram) by different public authorities in the Russian Empire at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries. Having the archival materials and a number of published sources at hand the author deals with the application in specific situations, the legislation of the Russian Empire in the areas of legal and financial support of the tram companies, the approval of projects and monitoring of the construction of the electric tram system by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as the surveillance of the safety of passenger transportation by the local municipal authorities. The article considers a separate legal and financial regulation of foreign transportation companies. The article also explains why the scope of urban transport in the cities of the Russian Empire was attractive for foreign investors and why municipal authorities preferred to pass the organization of public transport in the communities to commercial entities on the rights of the concession. The work gives an overview of all issues considered by different researchers in different time periods. The author notes that the performance of the transport companies and the implementation of the state supervision and regulation of the industry, which were described in the publications, devoted to the study of public transport management in the Russian Empire, written during the Soviet period, were negatively assessed. And the historical works, which were published after the collapse of the Soviet Union, comprise a complete and coherent picture of the research on the issue.

Bobby and Esther Riddle, the Supreme Court of West Virginia conceded, "did an excellent job" teaching their children, Jill and Tim- possibly better than the public schools could do."' Like many fundamentalist parents, the Riddles believed the Bible required them personally to teach their children, protect them from heresy and worldly influence, and resist government intrusions that could imperil their eternal salvation. Moreover, they believed they had constitutional rights to do so. Jill and Tim Riddle studied the same subjects as public schoolchildren, but their studies were interwoven with religious lessons based upon their parents' idiosyncratic view of Christian doctrine. The Riddles chose to be "separated from, and at odds with, the values of the world," the West Virginia Supreme Court stated. Similarly, they believed it their divinely mandated duty to remove their children from institutional schools, places suffused with those values. Yet the court found it "inconceivable" that children could "lawfully be sequestered . during all of their formative years to be released upon the world only after their opportunities to acquire basic skills have been foreclosed and their capacity to cope with modern society has been so undermined as to prohibit useful, happy or productive lives." Allowing the Riddles to educate their children at home-as they chose and without state supervision-would "lead[ ineluctably to a hideous result." If the Riddles could homeschool their children, all parents or guardians would have the right to keep their children in medieval ignorance, quarter them in Dickensian squalor beyond the reach of the ameliorating influence of the social welfare agencies, and so separate [them] from organized society in an environment of indoctrination and deprivation that the children [would] become mindless automatons incapable of coping with life outside their own families.