Suchergebnisse

• Draft Board questionnaires will be held without expectation that they be filled for a few days. It is assumed that gathering men to fill these questionnaires may spread influenza.• The article discusses the opinions of officials in charge of meeting draft standards and workers who help men fill paperwork, and projections related to inducting men into military service. ; Newspaper article ; 12

This paper presents a series of experiments conducted by U.S. government public health officials designed to induce influenza in volunteers in order to observe the disease from onset to convalescence (or death). ; Health Report ; P and I Clinical Studies ; 42 - 53

• Officials believe influenza was brought over by people returning from Europe on American transports • Writer states that there is little that can be done to combat the disease besides absolute quarantine and that will be impossible at this time because it would "require interruption of intercourse between communities as drastic as was resorted to in the dreaded days of yellow fever in the South."• "Precautionary measures are considered the best weapons to combat the malady and as the disease is a new one to American physicians the government possibly may take the menace in hand by issuing country wide warnings and general instructions of how to avoid the infection if possible and how best to meet it if it is contracted." • Description of the effects of Spanish Influenza: "Spanish influenza, although short-lived and of practically no permanent serious results, is a most distressing ailment, which prostrates the sufferer for a few days…" ; Newspaper article ; 2

This paper relates a series of experiments conducted by U.S. government public health officials attempting to induce epidemic influenza in volunteers in order to observe the disease from onset to convalescence (or death). ; Health Report ; P and I Clinical Studies ; 5 - 41

Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Introduction; Part 1 Macroeconometric evidence on the transmission mechanism in the euro area; Part 2 Firms' investment and monetary policy: evidence from micro economic data; Part 3 The role of banks in the transmission: evidence from microeconomic data; Part 4 Monetary policy in the euro area: summary and discussion of the main findings; Appendix; References; Figures; Tables; Subject index; Author index

This paper presents a series of experiments conducted by U.S. government public health officials designed to induce influenza in volunteers in order to observe the disease from onset to convalescence (or death). ; Health Report ; P and I Clinical Studies ; 54 - 102

Theorizing vision and power at the intersections of the histories of psychoanalysis, media, scientific method, and colonization, Scenes of Projection poaches the prized instruments at the heart of the so-called scientific revolution: the projecting telescope, camera obscura, magic lantern, solar microscope, and prism. From the beginnings of what is retrospectively enshrined as the origins of the Enlightenment and in the wake of colonization, the scene of projection has functioned as a contraption for creating a fantasy subject of discarnate vision for the exercise of "reason." Jill H. Casid de

Abstract

Objectives
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contagion at work is well studied for healthcare workers, however it is not enough assessed in other working settings. Very little is known, indeed, about the risk of COVID-19 transmission through occupational exposure in non-health working places. This study aims to describe a COVID-19 cluster among workers in an office in Italy.


Methods
This was a retrospective observational study on a cluster of COVID-19 that occurred from 20 November through 3 December 2020 in a group of six colleagues (A–F) working in the same office full time 5 days a week, 8 h a day. The workers used the following prevention measures: social distancing (desks were >1 m, 1.76–5.01 m range), plexiglas panels, hands disinfection, and use of face mask. However, they did not wear face mask when in static position sitting at their desk and they did not aerate the place frequently.


Results
The disease spread from one worker (subject A) to four (80%) of the five colleagues (subjects B–F). Only subject D was negative to COVID-19 on 14 days after last contact with subject A (20 November 2020) as confirmed by nasopharyngeal swab testing. Subject D, in particular, did not contact subject A in the 48 h before symptoms onset. COVID-19 positivity of subject A was promptly communicated to the colleagues, who started self-isolation from their relatives and none of their households were infected. COVID-19 transmission was observed only in households of subject A.


Conclusions
The rapid communication of COVID-19 positivity to the colleagues and the prompt isolation of index case's close contacts allowed to eliminate the secondary transmission to their households. The contagion of index case's colleagues occurred from second day before symptoms onset. Distancing of >1 m, use of plexiglass panels, sanitizing hand gel, and inconstant use of face mask may not be enough for infection prevention in closed places with poor ventilation and high occupancy.

• Influenza is continuing the claim victims in Lowell and throughout the state• Preventative measures must be used again to beat the disease• It was thought that the disease was gone, but since its reappearance, must be fought again to drive it from the city• The flu is pandemic and spread throughout the world; it was initially thought to spread by war, but it did not end when the war ended• "It is almost certain to appear again next winter" and "having gained strength• "Flu killed more Americans this fall than were killed in all the American battles with Germany."• In Lowell, the four McGilly sisters succumbed to the disease, the worst family case of influenza in the community• It is said that every dollar spent is a dollar spent to protect American life as the disease attacks half the population• The serums used have not been tested and certified by scientific authorities; testing and research cost money• A small set of experiments at the Naval hospital at Chelsea have proven successful, but is said to have been too small to prove conclusive• It is believed that to be effective, research work on the influenza should begin now• It is believed a liberal appropriation from the U.S. government of at least $5,000,000 should be granted without delay, and part of the money should go to the surgeon generals of the army, navy, and U.S. public health service, with the rest going to the president • "The entire amount should be spent in isolating the flu germ, (and) experimenting with the best methods of treatment" • It is believed there was an incalculable loss with this past winter's losses to the epidemic as there were many deaths in the United States, South America, France, England, Asia, and Central Europe• The discovery of a real flu preventative would be a gift to the world ; Newspaper article ; 10

• Spanish influenza reported in American Atlantic coast cities• Officials think people on returning American transports have brought the infection• There is little means of combating the infection save for quarantine, which would be impossible now because it would interrupt intercourse between communities as drastically as the days of yellow fever in the South did• Precautionary measures considered the best weapons to combat the new malady; the disease is new to American physicians• Government may issue county wide warnings of how to avoid it and treat it• "Spanish influenza, although short-lived and of practically no permanent serious results is a most distressing ailment which prostrates the sufferer for a few days during which he suffers the acme of discomfort." ; Newspaper article ; 4

Target stimuli (the numeral 5 at 60 degrees to the left of the subject's fixation point) were extinguished at various times during the subject's eye movement to that stimulus and the subject was asked to guess what numeral had occurred. Threshold functions were constructed from these data, and it was found that at the beginning of the backward compensatory movement, very little information was transmitted. However, as the backward compensatory movement progressed, there was an increase in the correct identification of the stimulus, and a threshold was reached before the forward compensatory movement began.

Under bond-rate transmission of monetary policy, the authors show that a generalized Taylor Principle applies, in which the average anticipated path of policy responses to inflation is subject to a lower bound of unity. This result helps explain how bond rates may exhibit stable responses to inflation, even in periods of passive policy. Another possible explanation is time-varying term premiums with risk pricing that depends on inflation. The authors present a no-arbitrage model of the term structure with horizon-dependent policy perceptions and time-varying term premiums to illustrate the mechanics and provide empirical results that support these transmission channels.

• "A prominent sanitarian" discusses the validity of fumigation and scrubbing, the strength of health procedures enacted by health departments, and concept of miasmatic transmission of illness.• The examples are intended to show how medical practices go through fads, some valuable- and others weak-. "Sanitarian" discusses influenza precautions that are inconsistent with precautions against other illnesses, and he presents the opinion that education prevents more illness than restrictions.• He argues that banning public congregation against the spread of influenza is a fad. He indicates that fad preventive medicine occurs because medical colleges emphasize curative medicine more than preventive medicine.• He argues that the nation is experiencing a pandemic caused by large numbers of troops being housed in tight quarters nation-wide, and because of the interaction that occurs between military camps and local communities. • The "sanitarian" compares the high death rate of common diseases to influenza's low death rate, and discusses the disproportionately large worry that occurs during an influenza outbreak. He feels that fear is exploited during an epidemic.• He discusses the common sanitarian position on droplet infection, and some practical examples of when droplet infection may occur. ; Newspaper article ; 9

• Camp Sherman, Ohio, October 7—• Deaths have declined at the camp to fifty for the last reported day, as opposed to 102 the previous Saturday.• The Elks' home and the Majestic Theater in Chillicothe are serving as temporary morgues. City undertakers are overwhelmed with work.• Relatives are overwhelming the camp in spite of the danger of transmission. They were provided with influenza masks. The government is paying transportation costs for relatives who have traveled to the camp to retrieve the bodies of deceased soldiers.• "Hoosier Dead at Camp Taylor," Louisville, Kentucky, October 7—• The article lists by name the soldiers from Indiana who died at Camp Zachary Taylor. ; Newspaper article ; 5

• Few communities where influenza has not spread • Disease most prevalent in naval training stations and military camps • In past 48 hours, 32 deaths have been reported • Dr. Thomas Leen, died after attending to sailors with influenza ; Newspaper article ; 1