Suchergebnisse

Aim of the study: to evaluate Kaunas University of Medicine residents preparation for a practical activity and work in health care institutions. Objectives: 1. the evaluation of description of residential studies programs; 2. the evaluation of structure of medical standards; 3. the evaluation of resident's opinion of their preparation for practical activity. Methods: The object of analysis: KMU programs of residency studies; medical standards; KMU doctors graduated in 2006. Methods of analysis: the analysis of scientific literature; the analysis of documents; questionnaire; the analysis of statistical data using the program SPSS 12. Results: 1. There was 28 residency studies programs evaluated, that had clear and equal for all programs structure. The constitution and content of programs were clearly described. There was no security of common internal residency programs quality politics and procedures. Some inaccuracy was found in sixteen residency programs. 2. Seven professional qualifications did not have certified medical standards. The standards had equal and clear structure. The residency programs were organized according to these standards. 3. 53, 8 % of residents got to know the medical standards, they also better knew their specialty diseases (p=0,029). Medical residents of traditional profile better knew the symptoms of their specialty diseases (Fisher exact test p=0,027). 36, 5 % of residents assumed that they had enough experience in communication with patients. Diagnose and heal tumors could 19, 2 %, do surgery 15 %. Approximately 65 % of respondents evaluated well the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. Only 25 % could forecast heal results independently. 34, 6 % of respondents spared maximum time for their studies and tried hardest, they stated, they could independently make tests, decisions while healing. The same amount of respondents thought that their specialty was considered to be prestigious. Those residents, who spared more time for their studies and tried harder, better evaluated the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. 48, 1 % of respondents were satisfied with their studies. Those residents, who better evaluated lecturers (p<0,001) and environment (p=0,027) were more satisfied. Asked where they would like to work after graduating from the university, 30,8 % said they would choose not healing sphere, 32,6 % would choose the second level of HCI in Lithuanian cities. 63, 5 % of respondents think about leaving to foreign countries. Conclusions: 1. The programs of KMU residential studies were created and prepared for all professional qualifications and conformed to higher education residential programs and their principles. 2. The medical standards were structured, easily written, certified with Health service minister order and were available for all medical professions, but were certified not with all professional qualifications. 3. The residents, who spared more time for studies, statistically could better evaluate their knowledge, qualification, and preparation for practical activity; however the majority (65, 4 %) did not pay much time for their studies. In the residents opinion their theoretical knowledge was good, but there was lack of practical skills.

Aim of the study: to evaluate Kaunas University of Medicine residents preparation for a practical activity and work in health care institutions. Objectives: 1. the evaluation of description of residential studies programs; 2. the evaluation of structure of medical standards; 3. the evaluation of resident's opinion of their preparation for practical activity. Methods: The object of analysis: KMU programs of residency studies; medical standards; KMU doctors graduated in 2006. Methods of analysis: the analysis of scientific literature; the analysis of documents; questionnaire; the analysis of statistical data using the program SPSS 12. Results: 1. There was 28 residency studies programs evaluated, that had clear and equal for all programs structure. The constitution and content of programs were clearly described. There was no security of common internal residency programs quality politics and procedures. Some inaccuracy was found in sixteen residency programs. 2. Seven professional qualifications did not have certified medical standards. The standards had equal and clear structure. The residency programs were organized according to these standards. 3. 53, 8 % of residents got to know the medical standards, they also better knew their specialty diseases (p=0,029). Medical residents of traditional profile better knew the symptoms of their specialty diseases (Fisher exact test p=0,027). 36, 5 % of residents assumed that they had enough experience in communication with patients. Diagnose and heal tumors could 19, 2 %, do surgery 15 %. Approximately 65 % of respondents evaluated well the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. Only 25 % could forecast heal results independently. 34, 6 % of respondents spared maximum time for their studies and tried hardest, they stated, they could independently make tests, decisions while healing. The same amount of respondents thought that their specialty was considered to be prestigious. Those residents, who spared more time for their studies and tried harder, better evaluated the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. 48, 1 % of respondents were satisfied with their studies. Those residents, who better evaluated lecturers (p<0,001) and environment (p=0,027) were more satisfied. Asked where they would like to work after graduating from the university, 30,8 % said they would choose not healing sphere, 32,6 % would choose the second level of HCI in Lithuanian cities. 63, 5 % of respondents think about leaving to foreign countries. Conclusions: 1. The programs of KMU residential studies were created and prepared for all professional qualifications and conformed to higher education residential programs and their principles. 2. The medical standards were structured, easily written, certified with Health service minister order and were available for all medical professions, but were certified not with all professional qualifications. 3. The residents, who spared more time for studies, statistically could better evaluate their knowledge, qualification, and preparation for practical activity; however the majority (65, 4 %) did not pay much time for their studies. In the residents opinion their theoretical knowledge was good, but there was lack of practical skills.

From the end of the 1870's, Higher Education in France underwent important changes linked to the reforms of the Third Republic. The Faculty of Arts of the University of Bordeaux, took up residence in the "Palais des Facultés" - one of the very first in France – in the town centre of Bordeaux. We can observe the upheavals which affected not only the teaching staff and the students who were constantly increasing in numbers, but also the university curriculum and the subjects taught. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux acquired a certain specificity within a national movement: the innovation of "Social Sciences" with Emile Durkheim or the development of Colonial Geography being just a couple of examples. More than a century later, in the 1960's, The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux distinguished itself yet again with the writing of the History of Bordeaux under the supervision of Charles Higounet, the first of its kind for a metropolis whether in France or in Europe. A prosopographical study distinguished certain characteristics of the body of Professors, who had often studied in the "Grandes Ecoles", and for whom the Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux could prove to be a stepping stone towards a position in Paris or the achievement of a long university career. The study of the students' records shows the mass movement which affected Higher Education as well as its feminization and a certain diversification of social origins. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux, ministerial Headquarters during the two World Wars, was involved in important political issues, from the Dreyfus case to May 68 whilst playing an important role in Aquitaine and remaining open to the outside world, especially in overseas territories of Hispanic culture. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux is thus a reflection of the gradual democratization of the access to education and its limits, but also of the structural changes within French society from the end of the nineteenth century to 1968. ; A partir de la fin des années 1870, l'enseignement supérieur en France connaît ...

From the end of the 1870's, Higher Education in France underwent important changes linked to the reforms of the Third Republic. The Faculty of Arts of the University of Bordeaux, took up residence in the "Palais des Facultés" - one of the very first in France – in the town centre of Bordeaux. We can observe the upheavals which affected not only the teaching staff and the students who were constantly increasing in numbers, but also the university curriculum and the subjects taught. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux acquired a certain specificity within a national movement: the innovation of "Social Sciences" with Emile Durkheim or the development of Colonial Geography being just a couple of examples. More than a century later, in the 1960's, The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux distinguished itself yet again with the writing of the History of Bordeaux under the supervision of Charles Higounet, the first of its kind for a metropolis whether in France or in Europe. A prosopographical study distinguished certain characteristics of the body of Professors, who had often studied in the "Grandes Ecoles", and for whom the Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux could prove to be a stepping stone towards a position in Paris or the achievement of a long university career. The study of the students' records shows the mass movement which affected Higher Education as well as its feminization and a certain diversification of social origins. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux, ministerial Headquarters during the two World Wars, was involved in important political issues, from the Dreyfus case to May 68 whilst playing an important role in Aquitaine and remaining open to the outside world, especially in overseas territories of Hispanic culture. The Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux is thus a reflection of the gradual democratization of the access to education and its limits, but also of the structural changes within French society from the end of the nineteenth century to 1968. ; A partir de la fin des années 1870, l'enseignement supérieur en France connaît ...

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco's socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC's scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University's institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely ...

Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco's socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC's scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University's institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely ...

Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco's socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC's scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University's institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC's science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context. ; Notre travail de thèse vise à établir un diagnostic des potentialités scientifiques marocaines et à concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs pour la mesure, la cartographie et l'open access à la science locale.Pour bâtir des systèmes nationaux de recherche et garantir le développement socioéconomique du Maroc, les décideurs des universités ont besoin d'indicateurs d'analyse et d'évaluation de leur patrimoine scientifique. Les principales sources utilisées pour effectuer cette analyse sont les bases de données internationales « Scopus » et « Web of Science », en dépit de leurs biais d'indexation et de couverture de la science des pays du Sud. Cela induit un questionnement quant au manque hypothétique de la visibilité de la science marocaine. Ce manque de visibilité serait-il dû à la faible présence des revues nationales dans les bases de données internationales ? Ou relèverait-il de la faible qualité des publications marocaines ? La science marocaine est-elle une science à visée locale, abordant des thèmes qui ne figurent pas dans l'agenda de la science universelle ? Les apports de l'open access quant à l'augmentation de la visibilité et de l'impact de la recherche sont-ils méconnus des universitaires marocains ? La réponse à ces questions est accomplie à travers l'étude de cas de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca (FMPC). Elle s'articule autour de trois objectifs spécifiques : 1/ Recenser la production scientifique ; 2/ cartographier la production scientifique et explorer l'existence d'une relation entre l'indexation des publications dans les bases de données internationales et leur visibilité 3/ évaluer les comportements et les usages de l'open access par les chercheurs.Les principaux résultats de l'analyse et de la cartographie de la production scientifique de la FMPC, attestent que celle-ci jouit d'une grande visibilité à l'échelle internationale. La juxtaposition des publications nationales et internationales permet de confirmer que 70% des publications scientifiques de la FMPC sont intégrées dans les bases de données internationales et que 74.21 % de l'ensemble des articles sont publiés en anglais. Par ailleurs, on ne pourrait exclure 30% des publications nationales de l'évaluation bibliométrique au risque de biaiser les politiques scientifiques du pays.D'autres résultats de la thèse sont constitués par la mise en place du dépôt institutionnel de l'Université et du portail de revues médicales, créés afin d'assurer une large diffusion de la production des chercheurs de la FMPC et d'augmenter sa visibilité et son impact. Néanmoins, les résultats de l'enquête menée auprès des chercheurs ont montré que la principale barrière à l'adoption de l'open access est la méconnaissance des avantages des dispositifs de libre accès à l'IST quant à l'augmentation de leur impact et de leur visibilité. Les résultats de la cartographie de la FMPC et de l'étude des comportements des chercheurs à l'égard de l'open access, nous ont permis de proposer des fondements pour l'édification d'indicateurs adaptés au contexte marocain.

Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco's socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC's scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University's institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC's science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context. ; Notre travail de thèse vise à établir un diagnostic des potentialités scientifiques marocaines et à concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs pour la mesure, la cartographie et l'open access à la science locale.Pour bâtir des systèmes nationaux de recherche et garantir le développement socioéconomique du Maroc, les décideurs des universités ont besoin d'indicateurs d'analyse et d'évaluation de leur patrimoine scientifique. Les principales sources utilisées pour effectuer cette analyse sont les bases de données internationales « Scopus » et « Web of Science », en dépit de leurs biais d'indexation et de couverture de la science des pays du Sud. Cela induit un questionnement quant au manque hypothétique de la visibilité de la science marocaine. Ce manque de visibilité serait-il dû à la faible présence des revues nationales dans les bases de données internationales ? Ou relèverait-il de la faible qualité des publications marocaines ? La science marocaine est-elle une science à visée locale, abordant des thèmes qui ne figurent pas dans l'agenda de la science universelle ? Les apports de l'open access quant à l'augmentation de la visibilité et de l'impact de la recherche sont-ils méconnus des universitaires marocains ? La réponse à ces questions est accomplie à travers l'étude de cas de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca (FMPC). Elle s'articule autour de trois objectifs spécifiques : 1/ Recenser la production scientifique ; 2/ cartographier la production scientifique et explorer l'existence d'une relation entre l'indexation des publications dans les bases de données internationales et leur visibilité 3/ évaluer les comportements et les usages de l'open access par les chercheurs.Les principaux résultats de l'analyse et de la cartographie de la production scientifique de la FMPC, attestent que celle-ci jouit d'une grande visibilité à l'échelle internationale. La juxtaposition des publications nationales et internationales permet de confirmer que 70% des publications scientifiques de la FMPC sont intégrées dans les bases de données internationales et que 74.21 % de l'ensemble des articles sont publiés en anglais. Par ailleurs, on ne pourrait exclure 30% des publications nationales de l'évaluation bibliométrique au risque de biaiser les politiques scientifiques du pays.D'autres résultats de la thèse sont constitués par la mise en place du dépôt institutionnel de l'Université et du portail de revues médicales, créés afin d'assurer une large diffusion de la production des chercheurs de la FMPC et d'augmenter sa visibilité et son impact. Néanmoins, les résultats de l'enquête menée auprès des chercheurs ont montré que la principale barrière à l'adoption de l'open access est la méconnaissance des avantages des dispositifs de libre accès à l'IST quant à l'augmentation de leur impact et de leur visibilité. Les résultats de la cartographie de la FMPC et de l'étude des comportements des chercheurs à l'égard de l'open access, nous ont permis de proposer des fondements pour l'édification d'indicateurs adaptés au contexte marocain.

Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco's socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC's scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University's institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC's science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context. ; Notre travail de thèse vise à établir un diagnostic des potentialités scientifiques marocaines et à concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs pour la mesure, la cartographie et l'open access à la science locale.Pour bâtir des systèmes nationaux de recherche et garantir le développement socioéconomique du Maroc, les décideurs des universités ont besoin d'indicateurs d'analyse et d'évaluation de leur patrimoine scientifique. Les principales sources utilisées pour effectuer cette analyse sont les bases de données internationales « Scopus » et « Web of Science », en dépit de leurs biais d'indexation et de couverture de la science des pays du Sud. Cela induit un questionnement quant au manque hypothétique de la visibilité de la science marocaine. Ce manque de visibilité serait-il dû à la faible présence des revues nationales dans les bases de données internationales ? Ou relèverait-il de la faible qualité des publications marocaines ? La science marocaine est-elle une science à visée locale, abordant des thèmes qui ne figurent pas dans l'agenda de la science universelle ? Les apports de l'open access quant à l'augmentation de la visibilité et de l'impact de la recherche sont-ils méconnus des universitaires marocains ? La réponse à ces questions est accomplie à travers l'étude de cas de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca (FMPC). Elle s'articule autour de trois objectifs spécifiques : 1/ Recenser la production scientifique ; 2/ cartographier la production scientifique et explorer l'existence d'une relation entre l'indexation des publications dans les bases de données internationales et leur visibilité 3/ évaluer les comportements et les usages de l'open access par les chercheurs.Les principaux résultats de l'analyse et de la cartographie de la production scientifique de la FMPC, attestent que celle-ci jouit d'une grande visibilité à l'échelle internationale. La juxtaposition des publications nationales et internationales permet de confirmer que 70% des publications scientifiques de la FMPC sont intégrées dans les bases de données internationales et que 74.21 % de l'ensemble des articles sont publiés en anglais. Par ailleurs, on ne pourrait exclure 30% des publications nationales de l'évaluation bibliométrique au risque de biaiser les politiques scientifiques du pays.D'autres résultats de la thèse sont constitués par la mise en place du dépôt institutionnel de l'Université et du portail de revues médicales, créés afin d'assurer une large diffusion de la production des chercheurs de la FMPC et d'augmenter sa visibilité et son impact. Néanmoins, les résultats de l'enquête menée auprès des chercheurs ont montré que la principale barrière à l'adoption de l'open access est la méconnaissance des avantages des dispositifs de libre accès à l'IST quant à l'augmentation de leur impact et de leur visibilité. Les résultats de la cartographie de la FMPC et de l'étude des comportements des chercheurs à l'égard de l'open access, nous ont permis de proposer des fondements pour l'édification d'indicateurs adaptés au contexte marocain.

Following the year 1848, while most of his contemporaries were focusing their attentions on the political emergence of nationalities and the renewal of colonial empires, Comte and his closest followers were claiming the reconstruction of the western association and denouncing the idea according to which the West was playing a civilisation role in its attempt to dominate the whole world.Already in 1820, Comte had been interested by the Western Re-organisation outside the reference to theological or metaphysical conceptions and outside the frame of modern nations. According to him, the constitution of a new spiritual power should be the ground of this re-organisation. Such spiritual power was defined as the foundation of a system of positive education shared across the whole western Republic. In his sociology, the term "West" which Comte was finding more accurate than the term "Europe", designated an elite group within humanity. In other words, the West was the most advanced part of the human kind on the path to an adult state represented by the scientific and industrial state. Comte's originality has been to think this elite group as a way to establish a universal and free association of men around the world.Hightlighting the streams of idea having influenced Comte and underlying the input of his positivist followers, this thesis isolates the singularity of the historical transition at stake in the West. This work focuses on the proposals of Comte's positive politics aiming at both preventing western superiority to become a force of uniforming oppression and stimulating its use as a force for a worldwide solidarity and a progress without revolution. ; De la obra de Auguste Comte, padre de la sociología y fundador de la "Revue occidentale", no más se recuerdan sus aportes a la filosofía de las ciencias. En cuanto a la política positiva, desconocerla y ridiculizarla es característico de la historiografía sobre la idea de Europa. ¿Quién sabe que mientras que la mayoría de sus contemporáneos estaban obsesionados, ...

The first section of the paper discusses the market situation of veterinary medicines, examines related laws and the principle of medicines selection in veterinary. The second chapter describes the collected data on human medicines and which medicines are mostly used by veterinarian in Lithuania. A survey was conducted on veterinarians about the human medicines usage in their practice. An overview of the use of human medicines for animals was also carried out at the private veterinary clinic "X" in Kaunas. It was identified what medicines are used for these diseases most commonly in the clinic "X".

The first section of the paper discusses the market situation of veterinary medicines, examines related laws and the principle of medicines selection in veterinary. The second chapter describes the collected data on human medicines and which medicines are mostly used by veterinarian in Lithuania. A survey was conducted on veterinarians about the human medicines usage in their practice. An overview of the use of human medicines for animals was also carried out at the private veterinary clinic "X" in Kaunas. It was identified what medicines are used for these diseases most commonly in the clinic "X".