Suchergebnisse

Aim of the study: to evaluate Kaunas University of Medicine residents preparation for a practical activity and work in health care institutions. Objectives: 1. the evaluation of description of residential studies programs; 2. the evaluation of structure of medical standards; 3. the evaluation of resident's opinion of their preparation for practical activity. Methods: The object of analysis: KMU programs of residency studies; medical standards; KMU doctors graduated in 2006. Methods of analysis: the analysis of scientific literature; the analysis of documents; questionnaire; the analysis of statistical data using the program SPSS 12. Results: 1. There was 28 residency studies programs evaluated, that had clear and equal for all programs structure. The constitution and content of programs were clearly described. There was no security of common internal residency programs quality politics and procedures. Some inaccuracy was found in sixteen residency programs. 2. Seven professional qualifications did not have certified medical standards. The standards had equal and clear structure. The residency programs were organized according to these standards. 3. 53, 8 % of residents got to know the medical standards, they also better knew their specialty diseases (p=0,029). Medical residents of traditional profile better knew the symptoms of their specialty diseases (Fisher exact test p=0,027). 36, 5 % of residents assumed that they had enough experience in communication with patients. Diagnose and heal tumors could 19, 2 %, do surgery 15 %. Approximately 65 % of respondents evaluated well the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. Only 25 % could forecast heal results independently. 34, 6 % of respondents spared maximum time for their studies and tried hardest, they stated, they could independently make tests, decisions while healing. The same amount of respondents thought that their specialty was considered to be prestigious. Those residents, who spared more time for their studies and tried harder, better evaluated the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. 48, 1 % of respondents were satisfied with their studies. Those residents, who better evaluated lecturers (p<0,001) and environment (p=0,027) were more satisfied. Asked where they would like to work after graduating from the university, 30,8 % said they would choose not healing sphere, 32,6 % would choose the second level of HCI in Lithuanian cities. 63, 5 % of respondents think about leaving to foreign countries. Conclusions: 1. The programs of KMU residential studies were created and prepared for all professional qualifications and conformed to higher education residential programs and their principles. 2. The medical standards were structured, easily written, certified with Health service minister order and were available for all medical professions, but were certified not with all professional qualifications. 3. The residents, who spared more time for studies, statistically could better evaluate their knowledge, qualification, and preparation for practical activity; however the majority (65, 4 %) did not pay much time for their studies. In the residents opinion their theoretical knowledge was good, but there was lack of practical skills.

Aim of the study: to evaluate Kaunas University of Medicine residents preparation for a practical activity and work in health care institutions. Objectives: 1. the evaluation of description of residential studies programs; 2. the evaluation of structure of medical standards; 3. the evaluation of resident's opinion of their preparation for practical activity. Methods: The object of analysis: KMU programs of residency studies; medical standards; KMU doctors graduated in 2006. Methods of analysis: the analysis of scientific literature; the analysis of documents; questionnaire; the analysis of statistical data using the program SPSS 12. Results: 1. There was 28 residency studies programs evaluated, that had clear and equal for all programs structure. The constitution and content of programs were clearly described. There was no security of common internal residency programs quality politics and procedures. Some inaccuracy was found in sixteen residency programs. 2. Seven professional qualifications did not have certified medical standards. The standards had equal and clear structure. The residency programs were organized according to these standards. 3. 53, 8 % of residents got to know the medical standards, they also better knew their specialty diseases (p=0,029). Medical residents of traditional profile better knew the symptoms of their specialty diseases (Fisher exact test p=0,027). 36, 5 % of residents assumed that they had enough experience in communication with patients. Diagnose and heal tumors could 19, 2 %, do surgery 15 %. Approximately 65 % of respondents evaluated well the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. Only 25 % could forecast heal results independently. 34, 6 % of respondents spared maximum time for their studies and tried hardest, they stated, they could independently make tests, decisions while healing. The same amount of respondents thought that their specialty was considered to be prestigious. Those residents, who spared more time for their studies and tried harder, better evaluated the knowledge, qualification and preparation for practical activity they got. 48, 1 % of respondents were satisfied with their studies. Those residents, who better evaluated lecturers (p<0,001) and environment (p=0,027) were more satisfied. Asked where they would like to work after graduating from the university, 30,8 % said they would choose not healing sphere, 32,6 % would choose the second level of HCI in Lithuanian cities. 63, 5 % of respondents think about leaving to foreign countries. Conclusions: 1. The programs of KMU residential studies were created and prepared for all professional qualifications and conformed to higher education residential programs and their principles. 2. The medical standards were structured, easily written, certified with Health service minister order and were available for all medical professions, but were certified not with all professional qualifications. 3. The residents, who spared more time for studies, statistically could better evaluate their knowledge, qualification, and preparation for practical activity; however the majority (65, 4 %) did not pay much time for their studies. In the residents opinion their theoretical knowledge was good, but there was lack of practical skills.

Günümüzde demokrasi en yaygın yönetim biçimidir. Bunu en büyük sebeplerinden biri demokrasinin insan doğasına en uygun yönetim biçimi olmasıdır. Demokrasi istenen ve çok değer gören bir kavram olduğundan onu korumak ve varlığını yaşatmak gerekmektedir. Bunu sağlamak ise eğitim yoluyla mümkün olabilir. Demokrasi eğitimiyle demokrasinin varlığını sürdürmek ise eğitimcilere düşmektedir. Bu araştırma demokrasi eğitimine odaklanmış olup Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi'nde Eğitim derslerine giren öğretim elemanlarıyla alan derslerine giren öğretim elemanların demokratik tutumlarını öğrenci algılarına göre karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde genel olarak öğretim elemanlarının demokratik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu, eğitim bilimleri öğretim elemanları ile alan bilgisi öğretim elemanları arasında eğitim bilimleri öğretim elemanlarının lehine bir farklılık bulunduğu, eğitim bilimleri öğretim elemanlarının kendi aralarında yapılan değerlendirmede demokratik tutumlarının birbirlerinden farklılık göstermediği, alan öğretim elemanlarının ise kendi aralarında yapılan değerlendirmede demokratik tutumlarının birbirlerinden farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. ; At the present day democracy is the most common polity. One of the main reasons f this is; democracy is the most convenient policy for human nature. Because democracy is desirable and worthy concept it should be protected and survived. This will be probable with the help of education. Educationalist can make the democracy survive with the help of democracy education. The focus of this research is democracy education and it aims to compare the democratic attitudes of the lecturers of Uludag University Faculty of Education who attends the pedogogy courses and the other specific courses according to students? opinions. With the help of the findings of this research it is possible to say that the lecturers that works at the Uludag University Faculty of Education have positive democratic attitudes generally, pedodogy teachers have much more democratic attitudes than other specific courses,there is no difference among the democratic attitudes of pedogogy teachers themselves and there is a diffrence between the democratic attitudes of other specific courses lecturers themselves.

Modern dünyanın yapı taşları olan örgütler informal topluluklardan oluşan ve her bir çalışanın çeşitli düzeylerde birer politik oyuncu (aktör) olarak güç mücadelesine giriştiği dinamik bir oyun alanıdır (Erol, 2015). Bu sebeple rol veya statü gözetmeksizin her çalışanın politika oyunlarında birer aktör olarak (Vecchio, 1988) birbirleriyle rekabet etmesi durumsal bir gerçeklik (Mintzberg, 1983; Pfeffer, 1992) olmakla birlikte çalışanların güce yönelik bu çabaları alanyazında örgütsel (örgüt içi) politika şeklinde kavramlaştırılmaktadır (Koçel, 2003; İslamoğlu ve Börü, 2007). Örgütsel politikanın uygulama biçimi olan politik davranış da çalışanın rol tanımlamasında yer almamasına karşın kendini örgüt içinde daha avantajlı konuma getirebilecek güç temelli gösterdiği her türlü davranışıdır (Mintzberg, 1985; Pfeffer, 1992; Kacmar ve Ferris, 1993). Politik davranışın stratejik yönü olan politik taktik ise çalışanın diğerlerine rağmen bireysel kazançlarını maksimize etmek için tasarlanmış her türlü etki girişimini kapsamaktadır (Bolman ve Deal, 2017). Örgütlerde kullanılan politik taktikleri tanımlamak amacıyla alanyazında farklı sınıflandırmalar yapılmış olsa da bu çalışmada "(A) Kendini Sevdirmeye Çalışma, (B) Çevre oluşturma, (C) Bilgi yönetimi, (D) İzlenim/Etki yönetimi, (E) Koalisyon oluşturma, (F) Suçlu arama, (G) Mecburiyeti/Bağımlılığı artırma" boyutlarından oluşan Robert P. Vecchio'nun (1988) politik taktik sınıflandırması temel alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki devlet üniversitelerinde çalışan 772 öğretim elemanından veri toplanarak üniversitelerde yaygın olarak kullanıldığı düşünülen politik taktiklerin yapısını belirlemeyi sağlayacak "Politik Taktikler Ölçeği – Üniversite / Fakülte Versiyonu (PTÖ-Ü/F)" nun geliştirilmesi, amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında öncelikle Vecchio'nun kurguladığı teorik yapı çerçevesinde madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Ardından Lawshe analizi ile kapsam geçerliliği, AFA ve DFA ile yapı geçerliliği, CR,  ve AVE değerleri ile DFA'dan elde edilen faktör yükleri kullanılarak yakınsama geçerliliği, MSV ve ASV değerleri ile DFA'dan elde edilen faktörler arası korelasyon katsayıları kullanılarak da ayrışma geçerliliği sınanmış ve ölçme modeli geliştirilmiştir. Son olarak geliştirilen bu ölçme modelinin iç tutarlılığı Cronbach Alfa değerleri ile, yapı güvenilirliği ise CR değerleri ile incelenmiş, daha sonra da modele ilişkin madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda politik taktikler ölçeğinin söz konusu örneklemlerde oldukça geçerli ve güvenilir sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. ; Organizations that are the building blocks of the modern world are a dynamic playground consisting of informal communities and each employee engages in a power struggle as a political actor (actor) at various levels (Erol, 2015). Therefore, regardless of role or status, the competitiveness of each employee as an actor in policy games (Vecchio, 1988) is a situational reality (Mintzberg, 1983; Pfeffer, 1992). In addition, these efforts of the employees towards power are conceptualized as organizational (in-organization) policies in the literature (Kocel, 2003; Islamoglu and Boru, 2007). Political behaviour, which is the mode of implementation of organizational policy, is the power-based behaviours that are not included in the employee's role description, but which make it more advantageous in the organization (Mintzberg, 1985; Pfeffer, 1992; Kacmar and Ferris, 1993). Political tactics, which are the strategic aspect of political behaviour, include all kinds of influence initiatives designed to maximize the individual gain of the employee despite the others (Bolman and Deal, 2017). Although different classifications were made in the literature in order to define the political tactics used in organizations, this study was based on the political tactical classification of Robert P. Vecchio (1988). This classification consists of the following dimensions: "(A) Ingratiating, (B) Networking, (C) Information management, (D) Impression management, (E) Coalition building, (F) Scapegoating, (G) Increasing indispensability". In this study, it was aimed to develop the "Political Tactics Scale – University/ Faculty Version". The sample of the study consisted of a total of 772 faculty members working at state universities in Turkey. For this purpose, firstly within the scope of the study, the item pool was created within the context of the theoretical structure of Vecchio. Then the content validity with Lawshe Analysis, structural validity with explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity using CR, Cronbach's Alpha and AVE values, and discriminant validity using MSV and ASV values were tested and then developed the measurement model. Finally, the internal consistency of the measurement model was calculated using Cronbach's Alpha values, and structure reliability with the CR values which is a value based on factor loadings and errors variance obtained from CFA was examined, later item analyses were performed. As a result of the analyses, it was seen that the "Political Tactics Scale – University/ Faculty Version" gave valid and reliable results in the mentioned samples.

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

With the entrance to European Union , Christians have become rather sensitive to a lot of challenges of modern life. Pragmatic way of thinking tries to replace Christian values. Is that also the situation at the Faculty of theology at Vytautas Magnus university? The article tries to prove how the Faculty of Theology at Vytautas Magnus university is a spiritual centre not only for the intellectuals of Lithuania but also to other European countries, searching for deeper spiritual life. It helps to implement by a brief look into the historiography of the Faculty, its programmes of studies and scientific research; and on the other hand, its acceptability to Bolonian treaty and evaluations of theologians. The material given allows to make such conclusions: 1. On the initiative of the Conference of Lithuanian Bishops and the leaders of Vytautas Magnus university and with the approval of Vatican Congregation of Catholic studies, it has become an academic part of Vytautas Magnus university, where priests, seminarians, monks , nuns and lay people are able to study; 2. Ecumenic contacts are treated with special attention, because it is impossible for some Christians to feel themselves as children of God and others to be like orphans; 3. With the entering to European Union, intellectual perspectives have become much wider, that is why Christian faith needs to have a very firm backround – the teaching of Jesus Christ; 4. University is the fountain of humanism, intelligence and erudition; it may become only the Babel of pride without the knowledge of God and communication with him; 5. Nowadays the world has become very small because of new scientific technologies; together with material and educational progress, spiritual life should also proceed. Polarization of mankind, rejection of Christianity, polytheism – that is the circle, directing to eschtological termination. [.]

21. yüzyılda Avrupa'da siyasi ve ekonomik alanlardaki gelişmeler eşliğinde eğitim alanında da gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Avrupa Birliği, üye ülkeler arasında işbirliği içinde olarak Avrupa Yükseköğretim Alanı oluşturmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu açıdan birinci bölümde Avrupa Birliği'nin tanımı ve Avrupa Birliği eğitim politikaları yer almıştır.Avrupa Yükseköğretim Alanı, üye ülkelerin yükseköğretim sistemlerindeki farklılıklar korunarak diğer üye ülkelerin yükseköğretim sistemleriyle karşılaştırılabilir seviyeye ulaşmasını ve ülkeler arası geçişi kolaylaştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bologna süreci Avrupa Yükseköğretim Alanı hedefleyen bir reform sürecidir. Bu bağlamda ikinci bölümde Bologna Süreci ve Temel Deklarasyonlar ele alınmıştır.Son bölümde ise öncelikle Bologna Süreci'nin Türkiye'deki uygulama alanı ile birlikte süreçle ilgili değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. ; In the 21st century, Europe has witnessed developments in the field of education in company with the developments in the fields of politics and economics. European Union aimed at creating European Higher Education Area in cooperation with the member states. In this respect, in the first part, the definition of European Union and education policies of European Union are included.European Higher Education Area aims at maintaining differences of higher education systems of member states by achieving comparable levels with the other member states' higher education systems and facilitate interstate transition. Bologna process is a reform process aiming at European Higher Education Area. In this context, Bologna Process and Basic Declarations are handled in the second part.In the last part of the study, some evaluations are made about the field of application of Bologna Process in Turkey together with the process.

The first section of the paper discusses the market situation of veterinary medicines, examines related laws and the principle of medicines selection in veterinary. The second chapter describes the collected data on human medicines and which medicines are mostly used by veterinarian in Lithuania. A survey was conducted on veterinarians about the human medicines usage in their practice. An overview of the use of human medicines for animals was also carried out at the private veterinary clinic "X" in Kaunas. It was identified what medicines are used for these diseases most commonly in the clinic "X".

The first section of the paper discusses the market situation of veterinary medicines, examines related laws and the principle of medicines selection in veterinary. The second chapter describes the collected data on human medicines and which medicines are mostly used by veterinarian in Lithuania. A survey was conducted on veterinarians about the human medicines usage in their practice. An overview of the use of human medicines for animals was also carried out at the private veterinary clinic "X" in Kaunas. It was identified what medicines are used for these diseases most commonly in the clinic "X".

One of the major weaknesses of the studies on the development of International Relations (IR) curricula in Turkey is the lack of systematic data on the characteristics history development and current status of the IR academia. In order to reveal research practices of academicians and how international relations is taught and how IR scholars perceive the discipline an online survey was conducted among the faculty members of the IR Departments in Turkey in June-July 2009. Scholars were asked to answer 55 questions about the IR curriculum courses research subjects and major theoretical approaches political attitudes funds language and types of publication academic journals universities the involvement of academy in policy-making process and non-academic intellectual activities. The results of the survey indicates that IR studies in Turkey seems to be foreign policy oriented focus on Turkey and the big power policies and the discipline is under the influence of Realism.

During the reign of Stanilaw August unprecedented reforms were undertaken in different domains: political institutions, military, economy, education and science. Some French citizens, with pen or personal commitment took part to these reforms. In the last decades of the 18th century, some French who established in the Republic left a lastable trace in economic and cultural domains. Their commitment had not yet been fully analized. This dissertation presents the first synthesis of the recommendations given by French thinkers as well as the achievements of those who lived in the Republic, using new materials found in different archives, giving the possibility to reassess relationship between France and the Republic in the 18th century. The main novelties of the thesis are: 1) study for the first time in the most exhaustive way the French influence in the Republic in the second half of the 18th century; 2) Present the proposals made by Mably, Rousseau, the physiocrats and other French thinkers to reform the Republic of the two Nations; 3) analyze in what extent extent their advice was put into practice and in which fields French citizens commitment was the most influential in the Republic; 4) highlight the links between France and Republic citizens in the 18th century; 5) use of new material from the archive.

During the reign of Stanilaw August unprecedented reforms were undertaken in different domains: political institutions, military, economy, education and science. Some French citizens, with pen or personal commitment took part to these reforms. In the last decades of the 18th century, some French who established in the Republic left a lastable trace in economic and cultural domains. Their commitment had not yet been fully analized. This dissertation presents the first synthesis of the recommendations given by French thinkers as well as the achievements of those who lived in the Republic, using new materials found in different archives, giving the possibility to reassess relationship between France and the Republic in the 18th century. The main novelties of the thesis are: 1) study for the first time in the most exhaustive way the French influence in the Republic in the second half of the 18th century; 2) Present the proposals made by Mably, Rousseau, the physiocrats and other French thinkers to reform the Republic of the two Nations; 3) analyze in what extent extent their advice was put into practice and in which fields French citizens commitment was the most influential in the Republic; 4) highlight the links between France and Republic citizens in the 18th century; 5) use of new material from the archive.

During the reign of Stanilaw August unprecedented reforms were undertaken in different domains: political institutions, military, economy, education and science. Some French citizens, with pen or personal commitment took part to these reforms. In the last decades of the 18th century, some French who established in the Republic left a lastable trace in economic and cultural domains. Their commitment had not yet been fully analized. This dissertation presents the first synthesis of the recommendations given by French thinkers as well as the achievements of those who lived in the Republic, using new materials found in different archives, giving the possibility to reassess relationship between France and the Republic in the 18th century. The main novelties of the thesis are: 1) study for the first time in the most exhaustive way the French influence in the Republic in the second half of the 18th century; 2) Present the proposals made by Mably, Rousseau, the physiocrats and other French thinkers to reform the Republic of the two Nations; 3) analyze in what extent extent their advice was put into practice and in which fields French citizens commitment was the most influential in the Republic; 4) highlight the links between France and Republic citizens in the 18th century; 5) use of new material from the archive.

During the reign of Stanilaw August unprecedented reforms were undertaken in different domains: political institutions, military, economy, education and science. Some French citizens, with pen or personal commitment took part to these reforms. In the last decades of the 18th century, some French who established in the Republic left a lastable trace in economic and cultural domains. Their commitment had not yet been fully analized. This dissertation presents the first synthesis of the recommendations given by French thinkers as well as the achievements of those who lived in the Republic, using new materials found in different archives, giving the possibility to reassess relationship between France and the Republic in the 18th century. The main novelties of the thesis are: 1) study for the first time in the most exhaustive way the French influence in the Republic in the second half of the 18th century; 2) Present the proposals made by Mably, Rousseau, the physiocrats and other French thinkers to reform the Republic of the two Nations; 3) analyze in what extent extent their advice was put into practice and in which fields French citizens commitment was the most influential in the Republic; 4) highlight the links between France and Republic citizens in the 18th century; 5) use of new material from the archive.