Suchergebnisse

Introduction: German colonialism and national identity / Michael Perraudin and Jurgen Zimmerer -- section A. Colonialism from before the empire -- Imperialism, race, and genocide at the Paulskirche : origins, meanings, trajectories / Brian Vick -- Time, identity, and colonialism in German travel writing on Africa, 1848-1914 / Tracey Dawe -- Gray zones : on the inclusion of Poland in the study of German colonialism / Kristin Kopp -- section B. Colonialism and popular utterance in the imperial phase -- The war that scarcely was : the Berliner Morgenpost and the Boxer Uprising / Yixu Li -- Boy's and girl's own empires : gender and the uses of the colonial world in Kaiserreich youth magazines / Jeffrey Bowersox -- Picturing genocide in German consumer culture, 1904-1910 / David Ciarlo -- The visual representation of Blackness during German imperialism around 1900 / Volker Langbehn -- Colonialism and the simplification of language : Germany's kolonial-Deutsch experiment / Kenneth Orosz -- section C. Colonialism and the end of empire -- Fraternity, frenzy, and genocide in German war literature, 1906-1936 / Jorg Lehmann -- Colonial heroes : German colonial identities in wartime, 1914-1918 / Michael Pesek -- Crossing boundaries : German women in Africa, 1919-1933 / Britta Schilling -- Abuses of German colonial history : the character of Carl Peters as weapon for volkisch and National-Socialist discourses : Anglophobia, anti-Semitism, and Aryanism / Constant Kpao Sar? -- "Loyal Askari" and "Black rapist" : two images in the German discourse on national identity and their impact on the lives of Black people in Germany, 1918-1945 / Susann Lewerenz -- section D. German colonialism in the era of decolonization -- (Post-)colonial amnesia? : German debates on colonialism and decolonization in the post-war era / Monika Albrecht -- Denkmalsturz : the German student movement and German colonialism / Ingo Cornils -- Vergangenheitsbewaltigung a la francaise : post-colonial memories of the Herero genocide and 17 October 1961 / Kathryn Jones -- The persistence of fantasies : colonialism as melodrama on German television / Wolfgang Struck -- section E. Local histories, memories, legacies -- Communal memory events and the heritage of the victims : the persistence of the theme of genocide in Namibia / Reinhart Kossler -- The genocide in German South-West Africa and the politics of commemoration : how (not) to come to terms with the past / Henning Melber -- The struggle for genocidal exclusivity : the perception of the murder of the Namibian Herero (1904-08) in the age of a new international morality / Dominik J. Schaller -- Narratives of a "model colony" : German Togoland in written and oral histories / Dennis Laumann -- Suspended between worlds : the discipline of Germanistik in sub-Saharan Africa / Arndt Witte.

"The construction industry is one of the most booming industries in the world. In particular, in the United Arab Emirates this industry has experienced a constant growth over the course of the last few years. Driven by the UAE's oil wealth, the country has witnessed an unmatched development and transformation. Oil revenues have lead to a driving construction boom and completely change the face of the state. The construction industry is still one of the engines of economic growth in the UAE. One of the highest concentrations of cranes in the world speaks volumes about the incredible pace of construction taking place, particularly in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but also in the other emirates. The fact that about 30,000, or 24 percent of the world´s 125,000 construction cranes are currently operating in the region speaks for itself. The UAE's construction projects stands out clearly from building projects in other parts of the world, due to the fact that there is no constraint on constructional imagination and there is no place in the world where construction moves as fast as in the UAE. With some of the most innovative mega projects such as ""Burj Khalifa"" (the tallest building in the world), or ""The Palm Jumeirah"", ""The Palm Jebel Ali"" and ""The Palm Deira"" (the world's largest man-made islands) with epithets of world's biggest, best, and tallest the UAE construction industry remains unbeaten. The construction industry is a complex environment in which each organization is faced with numerous opportunities and threats. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the fast growing construction industry in the UAE, while scanning the construction business for opportunities and threats. This book implements the PESTEL analysis that will be used to analyze the UAE's construction industry. The main objective of the research reported in this book is to identify the factors in the macro-environment that might affect an organization. Having the PESTEL context, this output is used to execute a SWOT analysis. The PESTEL factors combined with external micro-environmental factors are classified as opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis. Thus, this research also aims to identify the opportunities and threats in the construction business. This study does not assess company's internal strengths and weaknesses. Through strategic analysis of the UAE's construction business this book creates an adequate framework that helps participants of the construction business to take advantage of opportunities while protecting them from threats."

FOREWORD /Linda Rising --INTRODUCTION.I.1.What's the Dark Side? --PART 1.DARK SIDE ISSUES --CHAPTER 1.SUBVERSION.1.1.Introductory Case Studies and Anecdotes.1.2.The Survey: Impact of Subversive Stakeholders On Software Projects.1.3.Selected Responses 37.1.4.A Follow-Up to the Survey: Some Hypotheses and Related Survey Findings --CHAPTER 2.LYING.2.1.Introductory Case Studies and Anecdotes.2.2.Incidents of Lying: The Survey.2.3.Qualitative Survey Responses on Lying.2.4.What Can Be Done About Lying?.2.5.The Questionnaire Used in the Survey --CHAPTER 3.HACKING.3.1.Case Studies of Attacks and Biographies of Hackers.3.2.Cyber Terrorism and Government-Sponsored Hacking.3.3.The Hacker Subculture.3.4.How a Hacker Is Identified.3.5.Time Line of a Typical Malware Attack.3.6.Hacker Economy: How Does a Hacker Make Money?.3.7.Social Engineering.3.8.A Lingering Question.3.9.Late-Breaking News --CHAPTER 4.THEFT OF INFORMATION.4.1.Introduction.4.2.Case Studies.4.3.How Do the Victims Find Out That Their Secrets Are Stolen?.4.4.Intellectual Property Protection.4.5.Open Versus Closed Source --CHAPTER 5.ESPIONAGE.5.1.Introduction.5.2.What Is Espionage?.5.3.Case Studies.5.4.Cyber Warfare --CHAPTER 6.DISGRUNTLED EMPLOYEES AND SABOTAGE.6.1.Introduction and Background.6.2.Disgruntled Employee Data Issues.6.3.Disgruntled Employee Software Issues.6.4.Disgruntled Employee System Issues.6.5.What to Do About Disgruntled Employee Acts.6.6.Sabotage --CHAPTER 7.WHISTLE-BLOWING.7.1.A Hypothetical Scenario.7.2.Whistle-Blowing and Software Engineering.7.3.More Case Studies and Anecdotes.APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 7.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH INTO WHISTLE-BLOWING --PART 2.VIEWPOINTS ON DARK SIDE ISSUES --Introduction --CHAPTER 8.OPINIONS, PREDICTIONS, AND BELIEFS.8.1.Automated Crime 246 Donn B. Parker Information Sources.8.2.Let's Play Make Believe /Karl E. Wiegers.8.3.Dark, Light, or Just Another Shade of Grey? /Les Hatton.8.4.Rational Software Developers as Pathological Code Hackers /Norman Fenton --CHAPTER 9.PERSONAL ANECDOTES.9.1.An Officer and a Gentleman Confronts the Dark Side /Grady Booch.9.2.Less Carrot and More Stick /June Verner.9.3."Them and Us": Dispatches from the Virtual Software Team Trenches /Valentine Casey.9.4.What is it to Lie on a Software Project? /Robert N. Britcher.9.5."Merciless Control Instrument" and the Mysterious Missing Fax /A.H. (anonymous).9.6.Forest of Arden /David Alan Grier.9.7.Hard-Headed Hardware Hit Man /Will Tracz.9.8.A Lighthearted Anecdote /Eugene Farmer --CONCLUSIONS.

In advocating an action-oriented and issues-based curriculum, this book takes the position that a major, but shamefully neglected, goal of science and technology education is to equip students with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to confront the complex and often ill-defined socioscientific issues they encounter in daily life as citizens in an increasingly technology-dominated world carefully, critically, confidently and responsibly. In outlining proposals for addressing socioscientific issues through a curriculum organized in terms of four increasingly sophisticated levels of consideration, the author adopts a highly critical and politicized stance towards the norms and values that underpin both scientific and technological development and contemporary scientific, engineering and medical practice, criticizes mainstream STS and STSE education for adopting a superficial, politically naïve and, hence, educationally ineffective approach to consideration of socioscientific issues, takes the view that environmental problems are social problems occasioned by the values that underpin the ways in which we choose to live, and urges teachers to encourage students to reach their own views through debate and argument about where they stand on major socioscientific issues, including the moral-ethical issues they often raise. More controversially, the author argues that if students are to become responsible and politically active citizens, the curriculum needs to provide opportunities for them to experience and learn from sociopolitical action. The relative merits of direct and indirect action are addressed, notions of learning about action, learning through action and learning from action are developed, and a case is made for compiling a user-friendly database reflecting on both successful and less successful action-oriented curriculum initiatives. Finally, the book considers some of the important teacher education issues raised by this radically new approach toteaching and learning science and technology. The book is intended primarily for teachers and student teachers of science, technology and environmental education, graduate students and researchers in education, teacher educators, curriculum developers and those responsible for educational policy. The author is Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (University of Toronto), Adjunct Professor of Science Education at the University of Auckland and Visiting Professor of Science Education at the University of Hong Kong. His research interests include considerations in the history, philosophy and sociology of science and their implications for science and technology education, STSE education and the politicization of both students and teachers, science curriculum history, multicultural and antiracist education, and teacher education via action research.

The Netherlands is home to one million citizens with roots in the former colonies Indonesia, Suriname and the Antilles. Entitlement to Dutch citizenship, pre-migration acculturation in Dutch language and culture as well as a strong rhetorical argument ('We are here because you were there') were strong assets of the first generation. This 'postcolonial bonus' indeed facilitated their integration. In the process, the initial distance to mainstream Dutch culture diminished. Postwar Dutch society went through serious transformations. Its once lilywhite population now includes two million non-Western migrants and the past decade witnessed heated debates about multiculturalism. The most important debates about the postcolonial migrant communities centered on acknowledgement and the inclusion of colonialism and its legacies in the national memorial culture. This resulted in state-sponsored gestures, ranging from financial compensation to monuments. The ensemble of such gestures reflect a guilt-ridden and inconsistent attempt to 'do justice' to the colonial past and to Dutch citizens with colonial roots. Postcolonial Netherlands is the first scholarly monograph to address these themes in an internationally comparative framework. Upon its publication in the Netherlands (2010) the book elicited much praise, but also serious objections to some of the author's theses, such as his prediction about the diminishing relevance of postcolonial roots. - Nederland telt ruim een miljoen burgers met wortels in de voormalige koloniën, Indonesië, Suriname en de Antillen. Juridisch staatsburgerschap, voorgaande bekendheid met de Nederlandse taal en cultuur en een sterk retorisch argument ('Wij zijn hier omdat jullie daar waren') gaven deze migranten een vergelijkenderwijs sterke uitgangspositie. Deze 'postkoloniale bonus' bevorderde de integratie, waarbij gaandeweg de verschillen tussen deze gemeenschappen en de bredere samenleving afnamen. Gelijktijdig veranderde die samenleving sterk. In 1945 had Nederland een roomblanke bevolking, vandaag telt twee miljoen niet-westerse migranten en worden heftige debatten gevoerd over multiculturalisme. De belangrijkste ideologische debatten van de afgelopen decennia rond de postkoloniale gemeenschap draaiden om erkenning en het opnemen in de nationale herdenkingscultuur van het kolonialisme en zijn erfenissen. Dit leidde tot een reeks officiële gebaren, variërend van financiële compensatie tot monumenten, waarin op schuldbewuste en vaak weinig consistente wijze 'recht wordt gedaan' aan het koloniale verleden en aan de afstammelingen van de koloniale onderdanen. Postcolonial Netherlands is het eerste boek dat deze thematiek systematisch behandeld en in vergelijkend perspectief plaatst. Het boek werd bij publicatie in Nederland (2010) overwegend positief ontvangen, al riepen de uitgesproken stellingen van de auteur over 'het einde van de postkoloniale geschiedenis' heftige tegenspraak op.

"The NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health provides summaries of publications like this. You can sign up to receive the NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health by email. Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and obesity-related chronic diseases have become increasingly common among U.S. adults, posing a major health policy challenge. While individuals may be interested in exercising more to reduce these health risks, they often have difficultly forming long-term exercise habits. Behavioral economic devices like commitment contracts aid individuals make repeated actions in situations where there are upfront costs and the benefits, though substantial, are delayed. It is not known whether such contracts can help individuals to sustain increased exercise. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether nudges and anchoring could be used to shift the types of exercise commitment contracts people entered into using a web-based contract creation tool. At the time of contract creation, users selected a contract length (duration); number of times a week to exercise (frequency); and a financial penalty for failing to live up to the contract in a given week (stake). We randomly set the default duration shown to users (8 weeks, 12 weeks, or 16 weeks). Outcomes include: contract acceptance; chosen duration, frequency, total exercise sessions; and chosen financial stake. We analyzed the data using multivariable regressions and also developed a theoretical model of active choice in the context of nudges, fitting the model to the data using non-linear optimization. 619 users, age 18-69, were included in the study, of whom 61% accepted/signed an exercise commitment contract. Users who were shown a longer default contract durations were significantly more likely to choose a contract of longer duration. There was no difference in the likelihood of accepting contracts or in the chosen exercise frequency or financial stakes. Our model of active choice suggested that almost 50% of users were highly susceptible to default values for contract duration, with the greatest effect for users interested in exercise contracts with durations nearer to the nudged defaults. This implication of the model was confirmed by quantile regressions (greatest effect of nudges for contract durations between the 40th and 80th percentiles). With changes in default values, individuals can be nudged into longer exercise commitment contracts that obligate them to greater numbers of exercise sessions"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

1: Introduction -- I. Overview -- II. Historical Development of The Right -- III. The Function of Free Speech and Protest -- IV. Protest and Democracy -- V. A Simple Dichotomy: Protest v Direct Action -- VI. Deciding to Engage in Collective Action -- VII. The Socio-Legal Aspect -- VIII. The Role and Behaviour of the Police -- IX. Protest and Protesters at the Start of the New Millenium -- 2: Protecting Human Rights in the Human Rights Act Era -- I. The Right to Protest at Common Law -- II. The European Convention on Human Rights -- III. A Home-Grown Bill of Rights? The Human Rights Act 1998 -- IV. Conclusion: The Likely Influence of the Human Rights Act on Peaceful Protest -- 3: Strasbourg Case Law on the Right to Peaceful Protest -- I. Introduction -- II. A Content Study of Protest Cases -- III. The Scope of the Right to Peaceful Protest -- IV. The Extent of Lawful Interferences with the Right -- V. Conclusions -- 4: The Locus of Protest -- I. Introduction and Overview -- II. Rights of Access Over Land for the Purpose of Protest -- III. Place-Specific Restrictions on Protest -- IV. Police Powers in Relation to Protests on Land -- V. Conclusion -- 5: Peaceful Persuasion and Communicating Dissent -- I. Overview -- II. Marching, Meeting and Holding Demonstrations: The Statutory Scheme in the Public Order Act 1986 -- III. Showing Support for Causes and Campaigns -- IV. Conclusion -- 6: Taking Direct Action -- I. Introduction and Overview -- II. Direct Action Protesters as Terrorists -- III. Crimes of Violence and Damage -- IV. Aggravated Trespass -- V. Harassment and Intimidation -- VI. Other Criminal Measures to Control Direct Action -- VII. Conclusion -- 7: Preventive Action by the Police -- I. The General Duties of the Police -- II. Stop and Search Powers -- III. Preventing Breaches of the Peace -- IV. Anti-Social Behaviour Orders -- V. Dispersal Orders -- VI. Strasbourg Case Law -- VII. Conclusions -- 8: Private Law Remedies and Proceedings -- I. Introduction -- II. Possible Claims by Private Parties -- III. Conclusions -- 9: Conclusion -- I. A Strasbourg Snapshot: The Right of Peaceful Protest under the ECHR in 2010 -- II. A Domestic Snapshot: The Right of Peaceful Protest in England and Wales in 2010 -- III. The Wider Picture: A Recap of Some Key Themes -- IV. An Agenda for Change -- Appendix I: European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 -- Appendix II: Bringing an Individual Case to Strasbourg: An Overview -- Appendix III: A Summary of Strasbourg Case Law on the Right to Peaceful Protest -- Appendix IV: Human Rights Act 1998, Chapter 42

Preliminary Material -- Introductory Essay: Theology of Culture, Secularity, and Plurality /Wessel Stoker -- The Background and Nature of the Deep Changes in the Religious Realities in Modern Europe /André Droogers -- The Concept of Culture in Abraham Kuyper, Herman Bavinck, and Karl Barth /Cornelis van der Kooi -- The Role of Faith in Science and in Religion /Keith Ward -- Christian Faith and Reason: A Hermeneutical Approach /Edwin Koster -- Amor Mundi in a (Post)Liberal Era: The Relevance of an Arendtian Theme for Christian Self-Understanding Today /Ronald A. Kuipers -- Equality, Difference, and Justice /Ton van Prooijen -- Business Ethics and Intrinsic Motivation in a Pluralist World /Connie Aarsbergen -- Renewal of Civilization: Toward Justice and Peace /Henk E.S. Woldring -- Populism: A Blessing in Disguise for Democracy? /Govert J. Buijs -- Poverty, Oppression, and Christian Faith /Jerald D. Gort -- The Public Role of Churches in Present Democratic South Africa /Etienne de Villiers -- Imagination and Art in the Christian Faith: On Imagination and Art in the Church /Desiree Berendsen -- Language, Literature, and Transcendence: The Contribution of F.R. Leavis /Henry Jansen -- Readiness and Timing: The Early Modern Virtues of Hamlet's Providential Christianity /Lourens Minnema -- Indigenous Spirituality and Sustainable Development: A Critical Appraisal of African Renaissance Rhetoric /Frans Wijsen -- African Philosophy, Contextualisation, Multiculturalism /W.L. van der Merwe -- Untouchables, Christians, and Hindus: How the Sacred World Order is Preserved and Renounced /Victor van Bijlert -- Contemporary Christian-Hindu Relations in Britain and the Netherlands /Jan Peter Schouten -- Superseded, Obstructive, or Crucial?: Christian Views of Judaism and its Sacred Texts /Alberdina Houtman -- Recent Developments in Christian-Jewish Dialogue /Simon Schoon -- Sympathy and Empathy: The Compassionate Bodhisattva and the Love of Christ /John D'Arcy May -- Christian and Buddhist Spiritualities: Their Differences and Complementarities /Christa Anbeek -- Present-Day Europe and Islam in Encounter: Emerging European Islam and its Dialogue Partners /Gé Speelman -- The Council of Churches in the Netherlands and its Encounter with Islam /Alle G. Hoekema -- Proximity and Distance China and the Christian West: An Essay in Intercultural Philosophy /Sander Griffioen -- Christian Views of the New Religiosities of the Western World /Reender Kranenborg -- Recent Ecclesiological Developments in the World Council of Churches: Continuity or Discontinuity? /Conrad J. Wethmar -- Conversion in the Ecumenical Debate: Great Joy or Great Discomfort? /Jan van Butselaar -- Confessio and Traditio: A Reformed Approach in Dialogue with the Lutheran Tradition /Michael Weinrich -- Christianity and Culture: WARC at the Millennium /George Newlands -- Intercultural Theology as the Integration of Ecumenism and Missiology: The Example of Current Latin American Christology /Martien E. Brinkman -- God Has No Favourites: Ecumenism and Interreligious Dialogue The Unity of God's Creation /Anton Houtepen -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names -- Contributors.

This volume presents the state of the art with respect to the most important elements of the Bologna process. The reflections on the past are also used to fuel a debate about the next decade. In 2008, the Flemish Ministry of Education and Training invited the editors to produce a volume with chapters discussing topics that are deemed to be most salient in the coming decade. Based on a tentative list of themes to be covered initially suggested by the Ministry, the editors have solicited contributions from appropriate scholars, experts on the specific topics. As a result this volume contains a rich set of chapters which address the promises and perils of the Bologna process and its preliminary outcomes. A difficult task, given that the process is a target on the move and even changing in nature during the process. It is also a difficult task because evidence can be interpreted differently paving the way for new paradoxes and complex interactions between the actors in the field. Consequently we are faced with new questions every time we believe answers to old questions have been found. The contributors to the volume not necessarily agree in their analyses of the Bologna process, but there is - nevertheless - a fair amount of consensus. According to their analyses governance, quality, mobility and diversity are the topics that have been most important to the Bologna process in the past, and will be at centre stage in future discussions. Contents: Huisman, Jeroen/Stensaker, Bjorn/Kehm, Barbara M.: Bologna, Quo Vadis? - PART I. Governance (Neave, Guy: Institutional Autonomy 2010-2020. A Tale of Elan - Two Steps back to make one very Large Leap Forward. - Välimaa, Jussi: The Relevance of Higher Education to Knowledge Society and Knowledge-Driven Economy: Education, Research and Innovation. - Teixeira, Pedro: Economic Imperialism and The Ivory Tower: some Reflections upon the Funding of Higher Education in the Ehea 2010-2020. - Boer, Harry de/Enders, Jürgen/Jongbloed, Ben: Market Governance in Higher Education. - Groof, Jan de: European Higher Education in Search of a New Legal Order). - PART II. Quality (Kwiek, Marek: The Changing Attractiveness of European Higher Education: Current Developments, Future Challenges, and Major Policy Issues. - Stensaker, Bjorn/Gornitzka, Ase: The Ingredients of Trust in European Higher Education. - Brennan, John/Naidoo, Rajani/Patel, Kavita: Quality, Equity and the Social Dimension: The Shift from the National to the European lev ...

"In the wake of the Enlightenment ... the suddenness with which Jews began to appear and make a mark in numerous ... areas ... is nothing short of astounding. It seemed as if a huge reservoir of Jewish talent, hitherto dammed up behind the wall of Talmudic learning were suddenly released to spill over into all fields of Gentile cultural activity."--Raphael Patai, The Jewish Mind "Quite suddenly, around the year 1800, this ancient and highly efficient social machine for the production of intellectuals began to shift its output. Instead of pouring all of its products into the closed circuit of rabbinical studies, where they remained completely isolated from general society, it unleashed a significant and ever growing proportion of them into secular life. This was an event of shattering importance in world history." -Paul Johnson, History of the Jews The Golden Age of Jewish Achievement chronicles the astonishing record of one people's disproportionate achivements and the causes behind it. The stunning performance of Jews over the last 125 years can only be compared with that of the Italians during the Renaissance, the Greeks during the era of Pericles, or the Dutch during their own Golden Age. The Golden Age details that record in more than 60 exhibits covering the range from Nobel prizes to Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame awards, from Pulitzer Prizes to chess champions, from philanthropy to Supreme Court Justices and more. But more intriguing is the question, "Why has this happened?" (the question posed by Rabbi Harold N. Kushner, author of When Bad Things Happen to Good People). Through fascinating stories, such as "Lev Leviev and the Soviet Jews" (at the start of Chapter 20) and "The Jazz Singer" (at the start of Chapter 13) the book illustrates the life and circumstances of hundreds of remarkable Jews before drawing its perspective together in Chapter 25 - Why? Timely, the book raises notions advanced by Malcolm Gladwell's Outliers, and recent debates over "Jewish genes" as well as Charles Murray's 2007 Commentary article where he argued for natural selection. The Golden Age makes the case for culture. It explains how the evolution of Judaism, coupled with a tortured 2,000 year history has shaped a unique combination of cultural values which have made Jews into the world's most successful tribe of Outliers. For example, they were history's first tribe to mandate literacy for all of their people. The book challenges natural selection, second generation immigra ...

This book offers a portrait of Leningrad in the 1960s, of its cultural life in those years permeated by a great hope for change. Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, is the heir and witness of the rise and fall of the 'Soviet hope' for an authentic change, its evolution and its inevitable decline. Through an analysis of the poems of Iosif Brodskij, Stefania Pavan maps out the process that led the intelligencija of Leningrad to disclose their claims, to give shape to the intellectual conscience of the city, and that subsequently constrained them to adopt the opposite approach, concealing – in a semi-visible space and in the myriad modes of the 'samizdat' – the values, names and images of the hope of change. Through an analysis of the linguistic peculiarities of The dregs , one of the 'classic' short stories of Boris Ivanov, Simonetta Signorini proposes a micro-history of the Russian language in the 60s, to which the study carried out by Ljudmila Zubova on the poems of Viktor Sosnora makes a useful contribution. The essay by Irina Dvizova highlights an aspect of the culture of Leningrad that can be considered extremely topical, in terms both of argument and as a method of reading literary history: the relation between the city and the Dostoevskij museum. - Il volume propone un ritratto di Leningrado degli anni Sessanta, della sua vita culturale nell'Unione Sovietica, in quegli anni attraversata da una forte speranza di cambiamento. Leningrado, oggi San Pietroburgo, è erede e testimone della parabola della 'speranza sovietica' di un mutamento autentico, del suo evolversi e inevitabile esaurirsi. Stefania Pavan, attraverso l'analisi dei versi di Iosif Brodskij, disegna il percorso che ha condotto l'intelligencija di Leningrado nel 'disvelare' le proprie istanze, nel dare forma alla coscienza intellettuale della Città, e che l'ha vista costretta ad adottare successivamente la via inversa, a 'celare' in uno spazio semivisibile e tramite infinite modalità del 'samizdat', i valori, i nomi e le immagini della speranza del cambiamento. Con l'analisi delle particolarità linguistiche di La feccia, uno dei racconti 'classici' di Boris Ivanov, Simonetta Signorini propone una micro-storia della lingua russa negli anni Sessanta, alla quale lo studio di Ljudmila Zubova condotto sui versi di Viktor Sosnora dà un utile contributo. Il saggio di Irina Dvizova mette in evidenza un aspetto della cultura di Leningrado che è da considerare molto attuale sia come argomento che come metodo di lettura della storia letteraria: il rapporto fra la città e il Museo Dostoevskij.

Gelehrt und erzählerisch leicht führt der Kirchenhistoriker Diarmaid MacCulloch in diesem großen, mehrfach ausgezeichneten Werk durch die revolutionäre Epoche der Reformation. Über die Ereignisse in den einzelnen Ländern hinweg entwirft er eine faszinierende Gesamtschau der politischen, sozialen und mentalitätsgeschichtlichen Prozesse auf dem ganzen europäischen Kontinent. Er beschreibt anschaulich, wie die verschiedensten historischen Ereignisse an den Rändern Europas auf die zentralen Reformationsgeschehnisse einwirkten und wie umgekehrt diese wiederum weitreichende Wirkungen auf das europäische Staatengefüge hatten. Im ersten Teil des Buches nimmt MacCulloch die Reformatoren, ihre Lehren und ihre Gegenspieler in den Blick, während er im zweiten Teil die realpolitischen Folgen der Reformation und Gegenreformation untersucht. Die religiösen, politischen und sozialen Umwälzungen des reformatorischen Zeitalters beendeten das Mittelalter, bereiteten den Weg in die Neuzeit und gaben Europa ein neues Gesicht. - Diarmaid MacCulloch wrote what is widely considered to be the authoritative account of the Reformation-a critical juncture in the history of Christianity. "It is impossible to understand modern Europe without understanding these sixteenth-century upheavals in Latin Christianity," he writes. "They represented the greatest fault line to appear in Christian culture since the Latin and Greek halves of the Roman Empire went their separate ways a thousand years before; they produced a house divided." The resulting split between the Catholics and Protestants still divides Christians throughout the Western world. It affects interpretations of the Bible, beliefs about baptisms, and event how much authority is given to religious leaders. The division even fuels an ongoing war. What makes MacCulloch`s account rise above previous attempts to interpret the Reformation is the breadth of his research. Rather than limit his narrative to the actions of key theologians and leaders of the era-Luther, Zingli, Calvin, Loyola, Cranmer, Henry VIII and numerous popes-MacCulloch sweeps his narrative across the culture, politics and lay people of Renaissance Western Europe. This broad brush approach touches upon many fascinating discussions surrounding the Reformation, including his belief that the Latin Church was probably not as "corrupt and ineffective" as Protestants tend to portray it. In fact, he asserts that it "generally satisfied the spiritual needs of the late medieval people." As a historical document, this 750-page narrative has all the key ingredients. MacCulloch, a professor of history as the Church of Oxford University, is an articulate and vibrant writer with a strong guiding intelligence. The structure is sensible-starting with the main characters who influenced reforms, then spreading out to the regional concerns, and social intellectual themes of the era. He even fast forwards into American Christianity-showing how this historical era influences modern times. MacCulloch is a topnotch historian-uncovering material and theories that will seem fresh and inspired to Reformation scholars as well as lay readers

Dieses Buch führt ein in die grundlegenden Ansätze: Korrelation, Regression (linear, multipel, nichtlinear), logistische und ordinale Regression, sowie die Überlebenszeitanalyse (Survivalanalyse). Bei allen Ansätzen werden Voraussetzungen und häufig begangene Fehler ausführlich erläutert. Das Buch ist für Mauslenker und Syntaxprogrammierung gleichermaßen geeignet. Das Buch wurde für SPSS Version 16 geschrieben. Zahlreiche Rechenbeispiele werden von der Fragestellung, der Anforderung der einzelnen Statistiken (per Maus, per Syntax) bis hin zur Interpretation des SPSS Ausgaben systematisch durchgespielt. Es wird auch auf diverse Fehler und Fallstricke eingegangen. Zur Prüfung von Daten vor der Durchführung einer statistischen Analyse wird auf "Datenqualität mit SPSS" (Schendera, 2007) verwiesen. Bei der Korrelationsanalyse werden z.B. die Voraussetzungen wie z.B. Skalenniveau, Homoskedastizität und Kontinuität erläutert. Weitere Abschnitte behandeln die Themen Linearität, Scheinkorrelation und Alphafehler-Kumulation. Auch wird erläutert, warum die bloße Angabe eines Korrelationskoeffizienten im Prinzip Unfug ist. Als spezielle Anwendungen werden der Vergleich von Korrelationskoeffizienten und die Kanonische Korrelation vorgestellt. Bei der Regressionsanalyse werden z.B. das Grundprinzip der klassischen bivariaten, linearen Regression vorgestellt: Eine lineare Funktion wird mittels einer linearen Regressionsanalyse untersucht. An einem einfachen Beispiel die Überprüfung der Linearität und Identifikation von Ausreißern anhand von Hebelwerten und Residuen erläutert. Auch wird das Überprüfen auf eine möglicherweise vorliegende Autokorrelation erläutert. Am Beispiel der nichtlinearen einfachen Regression wird demonstriert, warum es ein (nicht selten begangener) Fehler ist, eine nichtlineare Funktion mittels einer linearen Regressionsanalyse zu untersuchen. Weitere Abschnitte bieten zwei Lösungsmöglichkeiten an: Eine nichtlineare Funktion kann linearisiert und mittels einer linearen Regression analysiert werden. Alternativ kann eine nichtlineare Funktion mittels einer nichtlinearen Regression geschätzt werden. Außerdem werden Sinn und Grenzen der SPSS Prozedur CURVEFIT für die (non)lineare Kurvenanpassung erläutert. Abschließend wird eine nichtlineare Regression mit zwei Prädiktoren vorgestellt. An der multiplen linearen Regression werden Besonderheiten des Verfahrens, sowie die Multikollinearität und andere Fallstricke erläutert. Zu den Besonderheiten der multiplen Regression zählen u.a. die Verfahren der Variablenselektion, sowie die Interpretation der speziellen Statistiken der multiplen Regression. Neben dem Identifizieren und Beheben von Multikollinearität wird auch auf das Umgehen mit zeitabhängigen (autoregressiven) Daten eingegangen. Abschließend werden Hinweise für die Berechnung einer Partialregression gegeben. Bei den Verfahren der logistischen, sowie ordinalen Regression wird zunächst auf das Kausalmodell und das Messniveau der abhängigen Variablen eingegangen. Als grundlegendes Verfahren wird zunächst die binäre logistische Regression vorgestellt und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu anderen Verfahren erläutert. Anhand mehrerer Rechenbeispiele werden u.a. die unterschiedlichen Verfahren der Variablenselektion, sowie die Interpretation der ausgegebenen Statistiken erläutert. Abschließend wird auf das häufige Auseinanderklaffen von Modellgüte und Vorhersagegenauigkeit eingegangen. Die multinomiale logistische Regression wird analog behandelt. Zusätzlich wird der Spezialfall der Gematchten Fall-Kontroll-Studie (1:1) mit metrischen Prädiktoren vorgestellt. Anschließend wird die ordinale Regression vorgestellt und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede mit den anderen Verfahren erläutert. Anhand mehrerer Rechenbeispiele werden u.a. die Interpretation der SPSS Ausgaben für Modelle mit intervallskalierten und kategorial skalierten Prädiktoren erläutert. Bei der Überlebenszeitanalyse (syn.: Survivalanalyse, survival analysis, Lebenszeitanalyse, lifetime analysis, failure time analysis, time to effect, time to event analysis, etc.) werden z.B. das das Grundprinzip der Survivalanalyse, sowie die Bedeutung zensierte Daten erläutert. Als Verfahren zur Schätzung der Überlebenszeit S(t) werden die versicherungsmathematische Methode (Sterbetafel-Methode), der Kaplan-Meier-Ansatz, sowie Regressionen nach Cox behandelt. Bei der Sterbetafel-Methode werden Beispiele mit bzw. ohne Faktoren vorgestellt. Beim Kaplan-Meier-Ansatz werden Beispiele mit/ohne Faktoren, mit Schichtvariablen, sowie für die Ermittlung von Konfidenzintervallen vorgestellt. Bei den Regressionen nach Cox werden neben dem Unterschied zwischen Ansätzen für zeitunabhängige und zeitabhängige Kovariaten, ebenfalls zahlreichen Rechenbeispiele, sowie Cox-Regressionen für Interaktionen, sowie auch die Überprüfung der speziellen Voraussetzungen der Cox-Regression vorgestellt. Weitere Abschnitte behandeln weitere regressionsanalytische Ansätze und Modelle (u.a. PLS-Regression, Ridge-Regression, Modellierung individueller Wachstumskurven).

Inhaltsangabe: Das vorliegende Buch beschäftigt sich im weiteren Sinne mit den beiden übergeordneten Themen der politischen Steuerung und Politikfeldanalyse. Beide Begriffe gehören in denselben wissenschaftlichen Kontext. Trotz des größtenteils in der einschlägigen Literatur vorhandenen Defizits der Klärung des Verhältnisses der beiden Begriffe untereinander kann man eine Art Hierarchie - also eine besondere Form der Beziehung - zwischen ihnen ausmachen. Politische Steuerung als theoretischer Begriff wird in verschiedensten Kontexten verschieden definiert: Summarisch bleibt festzuhalten, daß trotz der Etiketten- und Definitionsvielfalt des Begriffs der politischen Steuerung eine policyanalytische, eine staatstheoretisch-gesellschaftstheoretische, eine systemtheoretisch-kybernetische und eine sozialtheoretische Dimension derselben festgestellt werden kann. Politikfeldanalyse thematisiert einen Bezug zwischen einer Politik und der zugeordneten Teilwelt, kurz man kann 'die Politikfeldanalyse als inhaltliche Dimension von Politik' bezeichnen. Politikfelder können nun durch die bereits angesprochenen verschiedenen Dimensionen politischer Steuerung zu regulieren versucht werden. Mit anderen Worten: Die Politikfeldanalyse kann sich verschiedener steuerungstheoretischer Problemlösungszugänge bedienen. Dadurch tritt hervor, daß Politikfeldanalyse ein Teilbereich politischer Steuerung ist. Politikfeldanalyse ist also hyponym zu den verschiedenen Dimensionen politischer Steuerung. Gegenstandsbereich der Politikfeldanalyse: Die in der Politikfeldforschung implizierten Ebenen bzw. Dimensionen werden immer noch am treffendsten mit der in die Jahre gekommenen Definition von Thomas Dye 'Policy analysis is finding out what governments do, why they do it, and what difference it makes.' angedeutet. Das Zitat besagt, daß Politikfeldanalyse drei verschiedene Ansatzdimensionen beinhaltet, die einander bedingen: (1) was (Inhalt) Regierungen (2) warum (Voraussetzungen) machen und (3) welchen Unterschied es (hinsichtlich der Wirkungen und Folgen) denn ausmacht. Dyes Zitat ist nicht sonderlich präzise in der näheren Gegenstandsbeschreibung der Politikfeldanalyse. Dieses Defizit Dyes genereller Beschreibung soll im folgenden durch Präzisierungen verringert werden. Im Verständnis der modernen Politikwissenschaft werden die aus der englischsprachigen Forschung übernommenen drei Bereiche 'Policy (Inhalt), Politics (Prozeß) und Polity (Form)' unterschieden. Gerade auch in der Politikfeldanalyse beeinflussen sich diese drei Gegenstandsbereiche der Politikwissenschaft gegenseitig, wie durch eine daraus abgeleitete (Haupt-) Fragestellung der Politikfeldanalyse deutlich gemacht werden kann. Sie lautet nämlich, 'welches Resultat (policy) sich ergibt, wenn in einem gegebenen politischen System (polity) eine bestimmte - aber prinzipiell veränderbare - Problemlösungsstrategie (politics) eingeschlagen wurde oder - antizipierend - eingeschlagen werden soll.' Bei dieser Gegenstandsumschreibung liegt der Aussagenfokus auf policy - also dem (Politik-) Ergebnis oder mit anderen Worten: Policy hängt (weitestgehend) von den Komponenten Polity und Politics ab. Legt man dem ganzen ein Variablenschema (der empirischen Sozialforschung) zugrunde, so zeigt sich, daß Policy bei dieser Betrachtungsweise die abhängige Variable ist, welche im Ergebnis von der gegebenen, unveränderbaren Variable Polity und der variier- bzw. veränderbaren Variable Politics bestimmt wird (wenn man andere mögliche Störeinlüße bzw. -effekte außer Acht läßt). Als konkreten Gegenstands- und Analysebereich der Politikfeldanalyse kann man zunächst die wissenschaftliche Analyse des Fällens und Durchsetzens verbindlicher Entscheidungen vom politischen System für die Gesellschaft betrachten. Diese Art von Herrschaftsausübung als staatliche Funktion kann man - aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive - auf der gesamtsystemischen Ebene ausmachen, denn es 'schält sich so ein politisches System heraus, das auf die gesellschaftliche Funktion der Selektion und Durchführung kollektiv bindender Entscheidungen spezialisiert ist.' Reformuliert bedeutet das, daß 'nicht zwangsläufig ... alle entscheiden (müssen, S.S.), aber es muß für alle entschieden werden.' Was hier pauschal mit dem Fällen von für die Gesellschaft verbindlichen Entscheidungen bezeichnet wird, wird in der Politikfeldanalyse, so z.B. im Policy-Making-System, als Struktur und Prozeß der Politikformulierung sowie Struktur und Prozeß der Politikdurchführung umschrieben. Aber auch andere wissenschaftliche Abfolgeversionen dieser vage angedeuteten 'Strukturprozeße' gibt es. Durch diese Be- und Umschreibungen werden die (potentiell) 'unendlich' weiten Betätigungsfelder der Politikfeldanalyse ersichtlich. Kritiker der Teildisziplin Politikfeldanalyse bestreiten hingegen dieser sogar den eigenen Status einer wissenschaftlichen (Teil-) Disziplin in der scientific community und beharren darauf, daß in ihr weder ein neues Paradigma noch einheitliche (neue) Methoden existent seien, kurz: 'Policy-Analyse ist ein neuer Fokus, auf alte Probleme gerichtet.' Derart polemische Aussagen gehen sicherlich am Kern der Sache vorbei und erinnern an ein krampfhaftes Festhalten von bereits allzu Bewährtem, um nicht in zwar bekannte, aber bisher ungenügend erforschte Gewässer tauchen zu müssen. Auf die sicherlich nicht ganz konfliktfrei erscheinende Kombination von empirisch-analytischem Wissenschaftsselbstverständnis und normativ-beraterischem Moment der Politikfeldanalyse wurde hingewiesen.

This thesis investigates Goth culture (in the widest sense, including Post-Punk, New Wave and New Romantic scenes, genres and styles) in the GDR between 1983 and 1989/1990 from state and participants perspectives. Drawing on the major works within Gothic, subculture, and postmodern theory, this thesis explores the 'subcultural capital' of the pluriform, multi-scene East German Goth culture in official state documents and in 'subcultural micro-media' to answer the key question how Goth scenes were represented by different participants and political actors. Participants are considered as agents whose 'spectacular style' brought them in conflict with society and authority, and who performed different politics of representation which varied between self-marginalisation and demystification, and between isolation and 'liberalisation through negotiation'. The thesis explores the uniqueness of East German Goth(ic) while considering it as a transnational phenomenon in the Cold War Zeitgeist of the 1980s. The 'local boundedness' made East German Goth develop both similarly and differently compared to Goth scenes in the West. The study demonstrates that symbolic representations of Goth contain sets of social and political relationships and practices as well as existential conflicts, strategies, and solutions. It will on the one side be shown how social groups which are considered 'Goth' produced meaning, identity, and 'ideology'. On the other side, it will be shown that the state applied the principle of homology and semiological method to understand subcultural phenomena and what the results of this were. The overarching question of this study is dual: How is Gothic culture and how are participants in Gothic culture represented in the individual interpretations and translations of 'Gothic' in micro-media produced by participants, and how is Gothic culture and how are participants in Gothic culture represented in official state documents and embedded in the political-ideological narrative and terminology? The dual perspectivity gives insights into what is referred to in this thesis as 'Post-Punk transition' in subcultural 'texts', and 'Post-Punk confusion' in state theory. It will be shown in this thesis how Punk evolved into Goth, what marks this transition in the subcultural micro-media, and how this transition is reflected in official state documentation. The thesis also shows that within both perspectives, there are difference and ambivalence. The representations of Goth in the GDR are an ideal case study to explore how subcultural identities and meanings are constructed through language and rhetoric, and that definitions of 'subculture' and 'Goth' are fluid and subject to time and space.