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It is impossible to imagine a modern world without conflicts. Struggle occurs every day between people for the possession of any good. Conflicts occur in different social strata and between people of different ages and different sexes. But what is conflict? And why are they constantly, even when we do not notice it? How to resolve the conflict in your favor or at least without losses?

The article analyzes the theme of the Civil War in Crimea in 1920 by the example of such works as the novel The Fall of Dair by A.G. Malyshkin, the novel The Sun of the Dead by I.S. Shmelev, the poem Perekop by M.I. Tsvetaeva and the novel The Beast from the Abyss by E.I. Chirikov. The purpose of the study is to identify the motives that reveal the mutually exclusive views of Soviet and emigre writers on what was happening in the 1920s in Crimea. In Malyshkin's The Fall of Dair and Shmelev's The Sun of the Dead, a contradictory image of the 'new man' of history is created, Malyshkin presents him as the creator of a new and wonderful life, while Shmelev views him as the destroyer of culture and civilization; in Tsvetaeva's poem, a "Volunteer legend" is created, the poet's sympathy for the Volunteer Army is expressed; and Chirikov in his novel reflects on the existential meaning of a person at a social turning point and objectively shows the destructive power of the Reds and the Whites. Therefore, in the prose of the metropolis and emigration of the 1920s, alternative approaches to understanding the truth - about the Civil War, about the revolution as the destruction of an established existence or hope for a brighter future -developed. The listed works reflect opposing attitudes of the authors to the "man of the masses", "the new man of history", "the coming Huns" and "the volunteers". As a result of the analysis of the texts, it is concluded that the mutually exclusive views reflected in Crimean text are considered as complementary in the artistic development of the Crimean cataclysm of the early 1920s, in understanding the fullness of the truth about the Civil War. At the same time, the works address similar existential, ontological, and social issues.

On the data from Rosstat the article presents dynamics in the incidence of socially significant diseases, the list of which is specified in the RF Government Decree No. 715 of I December 2004. The List includes the following diseases: disease caused by HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis B and C, sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms, mental and behavioral disorders, hypertensive disease — 9 diseases in total. In 2007 there was adopted Federal targeted program "Prevention and control of socially significant diseases (2007–2012)". In subsequent years similar programs were adopted and implemented by regional authorities. As a result, primary incidence in Russia declined in 2018 as compared to 2005: in active tuberculosis by 1.9 times, in syphilis — by 4 times. The number of patients taken under observation with diagnosis established for the first time in life, also declined: in mental disorders by 1.4 times, in alcoholism by 2.8 times, and in drug addiction by 1.7 times. And within these 13 years was registered an increase of primary incidence in non-communicable diseases: in hypertension by 1.9 times, diabetes mellitus by 1.4 times, malignant neoplasms by 1.2 times, and in infectious disease caused by HIV by 2.5 times. There were identified the causes of these differently directed dynamics. Regional differences in the incidence of socially significant diseases were examined by the number of patients being on the books in medical establishments. There were identified 10 RF subjects with the highest and 10 subjects with the lowest number of patients in 2018.

The topic identified in the title of this article drew researchers' attention not just once, so in the beginning a short overview of the works available on this topic as well as problem areas and the names of scientists involved in this issue are presented. It is highlighted that Vladimir Solovyov had influence on the creative development of Pavel Florensky mainly due to his written works, since they were representatives of different generations, as also to acquaintance with his close circle. The facts of the biographies of Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky are given: family, university studies, etc. The author emphasizes influence of Plato's work on both Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky. The topic of unity of «theory and life» by Plato and Vladimir Solovyov is explained, it is emphasized that the latter failed to achieve the unity. The theme of love in understanding of Vladimir Solovyov and Pavel Florensky is revealed through their personal experiences and philosophy. Finally, the article states that both philosophers are metaphysical authors, on whom Plato's philosophy had a decisive influence.

В главе речь идет об отдельных аспектах культурной идентичности двух греческих полисов, причем, пожалуй, самых знаменитых, постоянно противопоставлявшихся в нарративной традиции. В частности, отмечался контраст между ними в аспекте речевой культуры. Лаконизм спартанцев всем прекрасно знаком, равно как и их пренебрежение культурными ценностями. Нередко считается, что сам лаконизм — именно следствие культурной неразвитости, порождавшей скудость языкового арсенала. В Афинах же красноречие достигло огромного развития. Какой из этих двух типов речевого поведения следует сблизить с вербальным варварством? Ответ очевиден: богатую речь нельзя назвать варварской. Парадоксальным образом у самих античных греков было иное мнение. Специфика спартанской речевой культуры в Афинах не реципировалась, однако и никоим образом не осуждалась; в целом одобрялась и, во всяком случае, не воспринималась как вербальное варварство.
The chapter deals with some aspects of cultural identity of two Greek poleis, which were the most famous and were constantly contrasted with each other by the narrative tradition. In particular, a contrast between them in the sphere of speech culture was often noted. The Spartans' laconism is very familiar to everyone, as well as their scorn of cultural values. It is sometimes considered that the laconism itself was a consequence of cultural backwardness, which begot poverty of language arsenal. As to Athens, eloquence reached great development there. Which of these two types of speech behaviour should be associated with verbal barbarity? For us, the answer is evident: rich speech cannot be called barbaric. Paradoxically, Ancient Greeks themselves were of a different opinion. Specificity of Spartan speech culture was not a subject of reception in Athens, but neither was it by any means a subject of blame; moreover, it was rather approved of, and in any case it was never perceived as verbal barbarity.

Роман «Бесова Душа» Евгения Шишкина написан в соответствии с традицией классической русской литературы. В произведении можно найти характерные черты стиля повествования многих русских классиков, особенно Ф.М. Достоевского. Шишкин унаследовал и развил традиции Достоевского, на формирование характера героя Федора Завьялова в романе «Бесова Душа» глубоко повлияла тема «двойничества» Достоевского.
Evgeniy Shishkin's novel Devil's Soul follows the glorious tradition of Russian literature. In this novel, elements of many Russian classic writers can be founded, especially those of Dostoevsky's. Shishkin inherited and developed the traditions of Dostoevsky, the formation of the character of the hero Fyodor Zavyalov in the novel "Devil's Soul" was deeply influenced by the creative theme "duality" of Dostoevsky.

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

Fragments of interdisciplinary tradition in Russian sociology related to understanding the phenomenon of sociality are considered in this article. A special place in this tradition belongs to A.V. Espinas, who anticipated in his work "Social Life of Animals" certain important ideas of sociology, as well as ethology, theoretical biology and system studies. Meanwhile, the socio-scientific potential of Espinas' work was not appreciated neither by the first Russian sociologists, nor in subsequent periods of the development of sociology, both Russian and Western. In explaining the lack of success of the dialogue between sociology and biology, several reasons have been suggested related to the excessively pragmatic position of sociologists when it comes to the results of interdisciplinary analysis, the dominance of the Darwinian worldview in social and scientific thought, the excessive claims of biology for a comprehensive explanation of universal forms of social life, and stylistic features of biological descriptions of the social interactions of animals.

The article presents the results of work on the accessible archive of documents of literary institutes of the 1920-1930s, created by a research group from the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) project 'Transcript': Politics and Literature. Digital Archive of Literary Organizations of the 1920s-1930s (Project 20-18-00394). The archive will present to the vast scientific community documents from one of the most intense periods in the history of Soviet literature, which have never been published in such volumes - transcripts of MAPP, VAPP, RAPP and WOAPP conferences, plenums, the secretariat, fractions, etc.. The article explains the need to accompany digital documents in the Internet archive with a scientific apparatus, similarly to the academic archival publications of the IWL RAS and IRL RAS; the choice of such structural elements of the commentary accompanying the transcript as an index of names, agenda, keywords is motivated, and the problems associated with them are described: a large amount of material that required processing, errors in surnames, an abundance of forgotten surnames mentioned in documents, etc. One of the solutions found for working on the index is the digitization and decoding of an additional block of materials - questionnaires of writers, members of proletarian associations. The digital archive in the Transcript at this stage has by no means exhausted all the possibilities for development: a number of transcripts of thematic meetings, as well as numerous copies of speeches with corrections, remained outside the project. Protocols, transcripts from other literary archives could become the most important addition. The implementation of the project was accompanied by serious research work of the participants - articles were written on the materials of the digital archive, introducing new materials into circulation.

Im neuen Lehrbuch der Philosophie soll der bis jetzt wenig beachtete Fragenkomplex theoretisch aufgearbeitet werden: Aspekte der Entwicklung von Individuum, Individualität und Persönlichkeit. In der besonderen Akzentuierung dieser Fragestellungen zeigt sich auch das wachsende Interesse, das die Aspekte der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Verlauf der Reform der sowjetischen Gesellschaft gefunden haben. Ziel wissenschaftlicher Forschung ist die Analyse der subjektiven und objektiven Faktoren, die innerhalb eines gesellschaftlichen Umfelds Handeln und Wertorientierungen eines Individuums beeinflussen. Die Entstehung der Persönlichkeit wird anhand der Definitionen der marxistisch-leninistischen Philosophie und der Konzeptionen der bürgerlichen Philosophie dargelegt. (BIOst-Ldg)

Der schöpferische Beitrag Lenins in die Philosophie des Marxismus bedarf einer kritischen Analyse, nachdem sein theoretisches Gedankengut und philosophische Ideen jahrzehntelang mythologisiert und deformiert wurden. Wenn man über die "Leninsche Etappe in der marxistischen Philosophie" spricht, so ist es in Wirklichkeit die Falsifizierung Lenins Aussagen mit dem Ziel, sie an die Ideen Stalins anzupassen. Die Rehabilitierung der Werke und Texte Lenins, die "Destalinisierung" seiner philosophischen Ideen hat nach dem XX. Parteitag begonnen. Statt der autoritären Verehrung Lenins ist ein historischer Ansatz zum Studium seiner philosophischer Werke erforderlich. Dies bezieht sich auf eine bestimmte historische Periode und darauf, daß philosophische Studien Lenins im engen Zusammenhang mit seiner Erforschung politischer und ökonomischer Fragen standen. Denn Lenin war kein professioneller Philosoph, sondern ein professioneller Politiker. (BIOst-ldg)

Gegenwärtige Richtungen und Tendenzen der marxistischen Philosophie in Westeuropa in polemischer Darstellung der sowjetischen politischen Theorie. Ideologiebezogene,aber fundierte Auseinandersetzung aus Sicht der osteuropäischen Marxismus-Forschung. BIOst/Crp

On the basis of the work of S. Kierkegaard «Exercises in Christianity» and V.S. Solovyov's «Readings on God-manhood» the article presents a comparative analysis of the positions of the authors as religious thinkers, formed in line with the problem of limiting the claims of the mind, which in earlier philosophy had become the only and comprehensive explanatory principle. The article outlines the common ground of their positions, which is a criticism of the official religion and the formalism of state churches. It notes that the innovative and original religious philosophies of Kierkegaard and Solovyov have a common mission – the revival of Christianity degenerated into a public religion, but at the same time they differ in character and structure. It concludes that Kierkegaard and Solovyov, critically reinterpreting the Christian religion that is contemporary to them, offer their religious philosophy as a way out of the crises of their time.

Eine der Folgen der Stagnation sei die Selbstisolation des sowjetischen Marxismus. Die Arbeiten der westlichen Marxisten wurden nicht veröffentlicht, so daß die sowjetische marxistische Philosophie eine Wissenslücke über die Entwicklung der marxistischen Theorie im Westen aufzuweisen hat. Es sei die Bestandsaufnahme theoretischer Arbeiten über die Probleme des Marxismus erforderlich, denn im Westen hat man sich mit den krisenhaften Erscheinungen der marxistischen Theorie noch vor der Reformpolitik des Sozialismus in der UdSSR auseinandergesettzt. Indem man in der UdSSR in den 70er Jahren den reifen entwickelten Sozialismus proklamierte, entstand in der westlichen marxistischen Forschung der Begriff "Krise des Marxismus" mit einer breiten Polemik über die Weiterentwicklung des marxistischen Gedankenguts. (BIOst-Ldg)