The nature of cooperation regularly changes under pressure from new calls and threats between the actors of international relations. By means of system analysis and comparison methods, the article discloses the basic theoretical approaches to understanding of the "new world order" phenomenon, which as a result turns into a comprehensive globalization. The article summarizes the modern trends of forming the XXI century international reality, taking into account new actors, their influence on stability and variability of the imperious systems, and analyzes in detail the concepts of modern scientists who form an international discourse on the search for a new paradigm of world order. The study identifies the main characteristics of the world order – legitimacy, the mechanism of change and balance of power. The key shortcomings of the post-war world order have been identified, which include the lack of effectiveness of international organizations at various levels in ensuring the principle of sovereignty for states, respect for borders; imbalance of economic growth between nations; lack of effective sanctions against violators of international law and ensuring the universal rights of citizens; discredited democratic political model, which was recognized as dominant in the post-bipolar era, and so on. Accordingly, there were considered modern approaches to a "new world order" formation, as a result of which it was proposed to take into account the new realities of interdependence that determine the future peaceful coexistence of nations – a balance between freedom of national actors action and international law; balance between legitimacy and power; balance between "regional order" and "international". In general, the international discourse on the search for the "new world order" boundaries is common in the construction of the XXI century multipolar world, the importance of consensus between nations and the legitimacy of new rules for all actors in international relations.
The article describes the spread of crime and its specific classes in the world and in the regions. It is established that in most countries there is a steady tendency to decrease relative crime rates, first of all, violent crime rates. Over the past 25 years, the homicide rates in the world have been gradually decreasing. At the same time, absolute figures for the number of victims of these crimes are on the rise. According to the UN, the intentional homicide rates in Asia in 2017 are the lowest in the world (2.3 per 100,000 population), the highest rate are in South America (25). In the EU Member States from 2008 to 2017, the number of motor vehicle thefts and assaults has decreased significantly. Although the number of crimes is decreasing, the world community has faced a new configuration of crime. Cybercrime, organized crime, including drug trafficking, is on the rise. These crimes are, for the most part, transnational. In Ukraine, the crime rate increased from 780 per 100,000 populations in 1991 to 1054 in 2019. The absolute number of reported crimes in Ukraine in 1991 was 405,516, in 2019 – 444,130. Ukraine's rate of intentional homicide per 100,000 population decreases: 2014 – 10.8, 2015 – 7.5; 2016 – 4.3; 2017 – 3.8; 2018 – 3.6; 2019 – 3.5. The increase in homicide rates in 2014-2015 is related to Russia's military aggression against Ukraine and the large number of people killed in the hostilities. The perception of crime depends largely on media coverage of the issue. Public opinion polls show that respondents believe that crime in the country is increasing at the national level even when official data and victim surveys indicate that it is decreasing. In many countries around the world, official reporting is compared to alternative sources of crime information, including National victimization surveys. Representative victim surveys should be conducted at a national level to verify and supplement official report in Ukraine.
Military confl icts are inherent in humanity throughout the entire historical process. An indispensable attribute of life is the confrontation and armed struggle between states, peoples and nations. The war looks like a negative phenomenon on the background of civilization's remarkable achievements. At the same time the war acts as the engine that determines the periodic domination of one over the other. Therefore, the nature of interaction between people implies the emergence of armed confrontation by type «invader-defender». When humanity is entering into new civilizational realities, as a rule, it explodes by military confl icts, which are based on the ideology, economy, etc. In the past century, racial and class factors were the basis of intergovernmental confl icts at the global society. The confrontation of dictatorial regimes in this background became a reason of the largest tragedy in the terms of victims number – World War II. The historical realities of the life of Pereiaslav are used in the article to show the local vision of the events of the time. The author of the article uses the latest theoretical and methodological innovations in order to recreate the atmosphere of the war age on the basis of documentary sources, scientifi c assessments. The conclusion is made on the necessity of an objective study of this time interval at the local level.
The article analyzes the peculiarities of changing socio-economic leadership at the end of the nineteenth century. It is shown that Britain`s lag behind its rivals in foreign markets is associated withthe transition to an extensive algorithm for the existence of the largest empire in the world, the homeland of the industrial revolution, its reorientation to financially usurious mechanisms forobtaining super-profits, an indicator of the beginning of the stadial-civilizational decline of the classical bourgeois formation. It is shown that Germany, which in our time continues to be consideredthe main culprit for World War I, during this period, receives competitive advantages, first of all, by forcing an innovative component of its development, due to the election of a fundamentally different,relative to the Anglo-Saxon, model of the postсapitalist type of social order. It is important that on the basis of similar principles of the new social system in the twentieth century, a number of developedcountries of the East and West have made an economic miracle. It has been proved that the sources of antagonism between the most powerful geopolitical players that led to the Great War are due not so much to the so-called colonial redistribution of the world, but to the collision of two incompatible strategies for the further existence of mankind. Moreover, the doom of the Russian Empire for such an approach was related precisely to the fact that once again lost the historical chance of its own modernization, it was in the world military conflict that was inevitable, because of the domination in the state of a compradoriously oriented "lazy class" (T .Veblen), elected the status of a satellite of the United Kingdom and France, which at that time was the main outpost of the rotting monopoly financial and invading imperialism of a qualitatively new global type, which eventually became the main cause of both worlds wars, and then the cold and present "hybrid" wars (the current Putin regime is derived from the modern global "postmodern system" of postmodern neocolonialism). The hypothesis that the cause of the First and Second World Wars was the only aggressive nationalism is refuted, which in fact, in the form of Nazism became a non-constructive reaction to the globally-permissive parasitism that caused the First World War and the "communist experiment", generated by the civil war caused by the catastrophe of the unprecedented in terms of the scale of the war of 1914-1918. ; У статті проаналізовано особливості зміни соціально-економічного лідерства наприкінці ХІХ століття. Показано, що відставання Великої Британії від своїх конкурентів на зовнішніхринках пов'язано з переходом на екстенсивний алгоритм існування найбільшої імперії світу, яка стала батьківщиною промислового перевороту, її переорієнтацією на фінансово-лихварськімеханізми отримання надприбутків, що є показником початку стадіально-цивілізаційного занепаду класичної буржуазної формації. Показано, що Німеччина, яку і в наш час багатоісториків продовжують вважати головним винуватцем Першої світової війни, в цей період отримує конкурентні переваги насамперед за рахунок форсування інноваційної складової свогорозвитку, обумовленого обранням принципово іншої, відносно англо-саксонскої, моделі суспільного ладу посткапіталістичного типу. Важливо, що саме на основі подібних засад новогосуспільного ладу вже у ХХ столітті низка розвинених країн Сходу і Заходу здійснили економічне диво.Доведено, що витоки антагонізму між найпотужнішими геополітичними гравцями, який призвів до Великої війни, обумовлені не стільки так званим колоніальним переділом світу, скількизіткненням двох несумісних стратегій подальшого існування людства. Причому, приреченість Російської імперії за такого підходу, була пов'язана саме з тим, що черговий раз втратившиісторичний шанс власної модернізації, вона у світовому воєнному конфлікті, який був неминучим, через панування в державі компрадорські орієнтованого «класу, що байдикує» (Т. Веблен),обрала статус сателіта Великої Британії та Франції, які на той час були основним форпостом саме загниваючого монопольно-фінансового та загарбницького імперіалізму якісно нового глобального типу, що, врешті-решт, став головною причиною обох світових, а потім Холодної та нинішньої «гібридної», війн (нинішній путінський режим є похідним від сучасної глобальної«світосистеми» вже постмодерного неоколоніалізму). Також спростовано гіпотезу, що причиною Першої та Другої світових воєн був виключно агресивний націоналізм, який насправді у формі нацизму став лише неконструктивною реакцією на глобально-лихварський паразитизм, що спричинив Першу світову війну та «комуністичний експеримент», породжений громадянською війною, обумовленою катастрофою ще небаченої за масштабами воєнної бійні 1914-1918 років.
This article highlights the key issue of conflict in a globalizing world. Conflict is seen as a military and political means of wars, "hybrid conflicts", conflict clashes, confrontation. The relevance of the article is to identify comparative methods of studying conflicts, as a manifestation of a new manifestation of the world community to counter. The purpose of the study is to analyze conflicts as a form of mass conflict interaction in the globalization space. In the article, the author uses the methods of analytical, historical and comparative analysis, which shows the dynamics of the issue with past events and to the present, the method of synthesis studies military-political conflicts. Based on the statistics of sociological research on this issue, we can conclude that world conflicts, which escalate into wars, are quickly implemented by non-standard conditions for counteracting conflicts. This could pose a potential threat to the peaceful coexistence of other countries, which are making every effort to help regulate the world's conflicts and global security.
The article is dedicated to an essential scientific problem of international system organization, hierar-chy specifics of its elements and correlation between them in the new world order forming. The peculiarities ofnew order composition and its global and regional trends are accentuated. A special attention has been paid to the theoretical basis of the world order studies. Assuming that the concept of international system is the key to the whole subject of international relations, the main attention is focused on alternative models of the new world order within the system evolution of international relations. Characteristics of new world order formation, its global trends and regional tendencies and their direct influence on Ukraine are being defined as well.In building a world order, a key question inevitable concerns the substance of its unifying principles. The Westphalian model relied on a system of independent states refraining from interference in each oth- er`s domestic affairs through a general equilibrium of power. But now the Westphalian principles are being challenged on all sides. It means the necessity of modernization of the Westphalian system informed by contemporary realities.Comparative analyses of the alternative models of world order was performed. Special attention is being paid to Chinese and Indian development paradigms in conditions of new world order composition. China was the center of its own hierarchical and theoretically universal concept of order. The process of Chi- na's perception of its status as a global power was long and difficult. China has agreed with its self-identifica- tion as a responsible global power. The emergence of China to the position of responsible global power has become as a result of a country's development. Chinese political analysts have devoted more attention since the late 1990s to the elaboration of the concept of the responsibility of China as a global power. The concept of "peaceful rise" of China and the formula of "peaceful development" have evoked broad response.The foreign policy activity of India is accompanied by putting forward a number of concepts, which are aimed at showing the world community the main targets, forms and methods of the country's activity in the international arena.Authors investigated the nature of Islamic model, the main provisions of its ideology, relating to inter- national relations and the new world order forming. Islamic fundamentalism dismantles states in quest of vision revolution based on the fundamentalist version of their religion.It was outlined that the new world order cannot be achieved by any one country ore civilization acting alone. ; Стаття присвячена важливій науковій проблемі формування нового міжнародного порядку. Визначаються особливості формування нового міжнародного порядку, його глобальні тенденції та регіональні особливості. Особлива увага приділяється альтернативним моделям нового міжнародного порядку, які сформувались у процесі системної еволюції міжнародних відносин, місцю України в сучасному міжнародному порядку.
The author generalizes the most significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the development of the global Muslim community. The article deals with alternative forecasts about rising of global Muslim population, considers reasonable use of the term «geodemographic revolution» to describe the dynamics of Ummah. Specific factors of population growth of Ummah rooted in the lifestyle, family and religious institutions, mass religious consciousness are considered. It is summarized the impact of modern geodemographical processes on political, ideological, institutional, religious characteristics of the global Ummah. It is proved that the new phase of self-organization of the world Ummah for which inherent, among other things, an intense accumulation of demographic resources, active dissemination of Muslim minorities outside their traditional areas of existence, multiplication of Muslim religious and cultural enclaves, processes of new integration of Muslim community and its ability to mobilize a total political, economic, human resources in response to external challenges, etc., can be regarded as an «alternative globalization» of the Muslim world. ; . The author generalizes the most significant quantitative and qualitative changes in the development of the global Muslim community. The article deals with alternative forecasts about rising of global Muslim population, considers reasonable use of the term «geodemographic revolution» to describe the dynamics of Ummah. Specific factors of population growth of Ummah rooted in the lifestyle, family and religious institutions, mass religious consciousness are considered. It is summarized the impact of modern geodemographical processes on political, ideological, institutional, religious characteristics of the global Ummah. It is proved that the new phase of self-organization of the world Ummah for which inherent, among other things, an intense accumulation of demographic resources, active dissemination of Muslim minorities outside their traditional areas of existence, multiplication of Muslim religious and cultural enclaves, processes of new integration of Muslim community and its ability to mobilize a total political, economic, human resources in response to external challenges, etc., can be regarded as an «alternative globalization» of the Muslim world.
The article deals with the provisions on international adoption through the prism of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in the field of International Adoption in 1993, the problematic issues adopted by foreign nationals. Issues of legal conflicts between the Hague Convention and Ukrainian legislation on the prohibition of same-sex marriage and its impact on inter-state adoption have been identified. In order to ensure more effective control and supervision of the fate of adopted children, it is proposed to create an international legal database (database) and to establish a single register of adopted Ukrainian children by foreign nationals. To resolve the issue of allowing same-sex couples to adopt a Convention, initiate before the United Nations the right of countries with the prohibition of same-sex marriage to admit a convention of non-acceptance of this article (as prohibited by Article 40 of the Convention) for the purpose of further implementation in the legislation of both our state and other states. with a reservation (restriction, exclusion) to strengthen the normative international regulation of the protection of the rights of the child. Regarding the issue of abuse of international adopters, we consider it necessary to offer an alternative - to strengthen by means of legislative enshrining in both national and international law measures to protect the life of the child as an object of international adoption by increasing the degree of control over the adoption and subsequent fate of the child in the form of specially created reports each country's Interstate Adoption Authority. To ensure more effective control and supervision of the fate of adopted children, we propose to create an international legal database (database) and to establish a single register of adopted Ukrainian children by foreign citizens.
The subject of work - is the theoretical and practical aspects of the global experience of budget regulation. The aim of work – is to analyze and systematize the experience of implementation of budgetary regulation in counries with developed and transformational economies. Method or the methodology of the work - In work we used methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, logical generalization of results. The results of work - A comparative analysis of the fiscal policy of the EU member states and Ukraine makes it possible to assert that the fiscal system established in our country as a whole corresponds to the general principles of construction, the rules for the formation of public expenditures and their distribution according to the priority directions of development of the socio-economic system used within the European the community. Accordingly, it enables the national economy to effectively integrate with the countries of the European Commonwealth and adhere to the established requirements for the economic convergence of the united social and territorial systems Field of application of the results - the results of this work can be applied in the practice of budgetary regulation of social development. Conclusions: The approach of developed countries to the implementation of budgetary regulation measures is important from the point of view of the need to assess the impact of fiscal policies on the dynamics of economic development at different stages of the economic cycle due to their many years of experience in forecasting budgetary indicators. The priority direction of fiscal policy of the countries of the European Union is to ensure stability of the system of public finances, to promote the achievement of financial equilibrium. In order to implement the above, the rates of consumption taxes were raised, the tax base on income and profits widened, the number of civil servants reduced, a moratorium on the indexation of social benefits was introduced. Increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures becomes ...
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. Negative phenomena in the field of public service and ways to resolve value conflicts for the sake of positive, progressive social development of the state and its economic, cultural, political, and social growth necessitate the study of the measurement of values in public administration. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with; identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. In the social sciences, more and more attempts are being made to measure values, as evidenced by the work of scientists from different countries. Certain attempts in the direction under study have been made by Ukrainian scientists. In particular, they use methods of sociological research. At the same time, there is a lack of development of comprehensive coverage of the measurement of values in public administration in the world and provisions on the importance of such research. The purpose (the objective) of this article is a coverage of the world experience of measuring values in public administration. The key results and the background. The research paper describes the implementation in the theory of public administration of intelligence on the measurement of values in the Netherlands (using surveys based on Q-methodology and technical support PQMethod), China (based on factor analysis and qualitative interviews), France (in-depth interviews). The main provisions of the intercultural study of the attitude of Dutch and Chinese civil servants to several values are highlighted. The article describes relevant research carried out in Ukraine. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. It is concluded that the value aspects of public service and training of public servants are inseparable from the management model inherent in a state; the need and demand for ethics in the public service have a universal dimension; changes in society, global trends in human development lead to changes in models of public administration, with changes in values that can lead to a kind of conflict. It is determined that in the implementation of research on the measurement of values based on the results of relevant world experience there is great theoretical and practical potential for public administration in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the importance of developing tools for measuring values in public administration. It is noted that the study of values in different contexts will contribute to a common discourse in the field of public administration. Keywords: values; public servants; public service; measurement; public administration; the educational process of public servants; value measurements; research; evidence-based policy. ; Негативні явища у сфері публічної служби та шляхи врегулювання ціннісних конфліктів заради позитивного, прогресивного суспільного розвитку держави та її економічного, культурного, політичного та соціального зростання зумовлюють необхідність дослідження проблематики вимірювання цінностей у суб'єктів публічного управління – публічних службовців. Метою статті є висвітлення світового досвіду з вимірювання цінностей публічних службовців. Наголошено на тому, що аналіз світового досвіду є підґрунтям для створення Україною власного інструментарію з вимірювання цінностей у публічному управлінні. Описано здійснені раніше в теорії публічного управління розвідки з вимірювання цінностей у Нідерландах (з використанням опитування на основі Q-методології та технічного забезпечення PQMethod), Китаї (на основі факторного аналізу та якісних інтерв'ю), Франції (глибинні інтерв'ю). Висвітлено основні положення міжкультурного дослідження ставлення голландських та китайських державних службовців до низки цінностей. Описано релевантні дослідження, проведені в Україні. Зроблено висновок, що ціннісні аспекти публічної служби та навчання публічних службовців є невіддільними від моделі управління, що притаманна тій чи іншій державі; потреба і попит на етику в публічній службі мають універсальний вимір; зміни в суспільстві, світових тенденціях розвитку людства приводять до змін у моделяхпублічного управління, причому відбуваються зміни в цінностях, що можуть призвести до конфліктів. Визначено, що в дослідженнях з вимірювання цінностей на основі результатів відповідного світового досвіду є великий теоретичний та практичний потенціал для публічного управління в Україні. Наголошено на значенні розробки інструментарію з вимірювання цінностей публічних службовців. Зазначено, що дослідження цінностей у різних контекстах сприятимуть спільному дискурсу в галузі публічного управління. Ключові слова: цінності; публічні службовці; публічна служба; вимірювання; публічне управління; освітній процес публічних службовців; ціннісні виміри; дослідження; доказова політика.
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. Negative phenomena in the field of public service and ways to resolve value conflicts for the sake of positive, progressive social development of the state and its economic, cultural, political, and social growth necessitate the study of the measurement of values in public administration. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with; identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. In the social sciences, more and more attempts are being made to measure values, as evidenced by the work of scientists from different countries. Certain attempts in the direction under study have been made by Ukrainian scientists. In particular, they use methods of sociological research. At the same time, there is a lack of development of comprehensive coverage of the measurement of values in public administration in the world and provisions on the importance of such research. The purpose (the objective) of this article is a coverage of the world experience of measuring values in public administration. The key results and the background. The research paper describes the implementation in the theory of public administration of intelligence on the measurement of values in the Netherlands (using surveys based on Q-methodology and technical support PQMethod), China (based on factor analysis and qualitative interviews), France (in-depth interviews). The main provisions of the intercultural study of the attitude of Dutch and Chinese civil servants to several values are highlighted. The article describes relevant research carried out in Ukraine. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. It is concluded that the value aspects of public service and training of public servants are inseparable from the management model inherent in a state; the need and demand for ethics in the public service have a universal dimension; changes in society, global trends in human development lead to changes in models of public administration, with changes in values that can lead to a kind of conflict. It is determined that in the implementation of research on the measurement of values based on the results of relevant world experience there is great theoretical and practical potential for public administration in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the importance of developing tools for measuring values in public administration. It is noted that the study of values in different contexts will contribute to a common discourse in the field of public administration. Keywords: values; public servants; public service; measurement; public administration; the educational process of public servants; value measurements; research; evidence-based policy. ; Негативні явища у сфері публічної служби та шляхи врегулювання ціннісних конфліктів заради позитивного, прогресивного суспільного розвитку держави та її економічного, культурного, політичного та соціального зростання зумовлюють необхідність дослідження проблематики вимірювання цінностей у суб'єктів публічного управління – публічних службовців. Метою статті є висвітлення світового досвіду з вимірювання цінностей публічних службовців. Наголошено на тому, що аналіз світового досвіду є підґрунтям для створення Україною власного інструментарію з вимірювання цінностей у публічному управлінні. Описано здійснені раніше в теорії публічного управління розвідки з вимірювання цінностей у Нідерландах (з використанням опитування на основі Q-методології та технічного забезпечення PQMethod), Китаї (на основі факторного аналізу та якісних інтерв'ю), Франції (глибинні інтерв'ю). Висвітлено основні положення міжкультурного дослідження ставлення голландських та китайських державних службовців до низки цінностей. Описано релевантні дослідження, проведені в Україні. Зроблено висновок, що ціннісні аспекти публічної служби та навчання публічних службовців є невіддільними від моделі управління, що притаманна тій чи іншій державі; потреба і попит на етику в публічній службі мають універсальний вимір; зміни в суспільстві, світових тенденціях розвитку людства приводять до змін у моделяхпублічного управління, причому відбуваються зміни в цінностях, що можуть призвести до конфліктів. Визначено, що в дослідженнях з вимірювання цінностей на основі результатів відповідного світового досвіду є великий теоретичний та практичний потенціал для публічного управління в Україні. Наголошено на значенні розробки інструментарію з вимірювання цінностей публічних службовців. Зазначено, що дослідження цінностей у різних контекстах сприятимуть спільному дискурсу в галузі публічного управління. Ключові слова: цінності; публічні службовці; публічна служба; вимірювання; публічне управління; освітній процес публічних службовців; ціннісні виміри; дослідження; доказова політика.
Currently, the entire world community is entering a new era, which is characterized by the emergence of numerous and widespread phenomena and challenges of world civilization, such as international terrorism, progressive nationalism, religious intolerance, as well as increasingly persistent political separatism. The disintegration of a number of political states in Asia, Africa and Europe, the destructive potential of disintegration of peoples that have existed for a long time within the framework of a single statehood, give grounds to believe that political separatism goes beyond the framework of not only national, but also regional security, acquiring an increasingly international aspect. These separatist movements use not only peaceful demonstrations in their arsenal, but violent forms such as uprisings also carry terrorist threats. Extremist acts in this context represent a form of realizing a separatist goal, acquiring more and more new forms and methods. Separate political, nationalist, religious organizations of a separatist orientation use violent methods to achieve their goals. Our era is an era of globalization of all aspects of social life, strengthening of interaction and mutual cooperation of different peoples, states, civilizations and cultures. But at the same time, it should be noted that at all times peoples exchanged material and spiritual values. Moreover, as mankind developed, this exchange intensified more and more. National sectors of the economy turned into international ones, trade, economic, cultural, social and political ties were strengthened. Separatism as a phenomenon is studied from various positions: both at the level of political science itself and at the trans-scientific level. An important task in this study is the analysis of the origins of separatism and the mechanisms of its emergence in various historical and geographical conditions. ; Визначено, що сьогодні все світове співтовариство вступає в нову еру, яка характеризується появою численних і широко розповсюджених явищ та викликів світової цивілізації, таких як міжнародний тероризм, прогресивний націоналізм, релігійна нетерпимість, а також усе більш стійкий політичний сепаратизм. Розпад ряду політичних держав в Азії, Африці та Європі, руйнівний потенціал дезінтеграції народів, які тривалий час існували в рамках єдиної державності, дають підстави вважати, що політичний сепаратизм виходить за рамки лише національної, а й регіональної безпеки, набуваючи дедалі більше міжнародного аспекту. Ці сепаратистські рухи використовують у своєму арсеналі не лише мирні демонстрації, але й такі насильницькі форми, як повстання, а також несуть терористичні загрози. Екстремістські дії в цьому контексті являють собою форму реалізації сепаратистської мети, набуття всенових і нових форм і методів. Окремі політичні, націоналістичні, релігійні організації сепаратистської орієнтації використовують насильницькі методи для досягнення своєї мети. Зазначено, що наша епоха – це епоха глобалізації всіх аспектів суспільного життя, посилення взаємодії та взаємної співпраці різних народів, держав, цивілізацій та культур. Зазначено, що в усі часи люди обмінювались матеріальними та духовними цінностями. Більш того, з розвитком людства цей обмін дедалі більше посилювався. Національні сектори економіки перетворилися на міжнародні, зміцнилися торговельно-економічні, культурні, соціальні та політичні зв'язки. Сепаратизм як явище вивчається з різних позицій: як на рівні самої політології, так і на транснауковому рівні. Важливим завданням у цьому дослідженні є аналіз витоків сепаратизму та механізмів його виникнення в різних історико-географічних умовах.
The subject of the study is the possibility of implementing the experience of social entrepreneurship in the world under the current economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of regulating social entrepreneurship in the world. Research methods are based on scientific principles and methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. Results of work. The opportunities for using the experience of developed countries in the field of regulation of social entrepreneurship are grounded. The stages of development of social entrepreneurship in the world are revealed. The peculiarities of development of social enterprises of Great Britain, Germany, USA are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the role and place of the state in ensuring the realization of social entrepreneurship. The author also revealed the positive effects of social entrepreneurship. Area of application of results. Management of the national economy under conditions of sustainable development in terms of research and opportunities to realize the experience of regulating social entrepreneurship of developed countries for the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. Foreign experience of social entrepreneurship demonstrates the opportunities and benefits of the non–profit sector, not only social but also economic. In addition, world experience is a benchmark that shows what needs to be changed in legislation, business and government. Indeed, business today is able to take on a large part of the social burden (health care, infrastructure) that is entrusted to the state, and in exchange it must receive favorable conditions and transparent guarantees of stable and unimpeded development. The key to successful development of social enterprises in Ukraine is the development of national strategies for the development of social entrepreneurship, which would coordinate the efforts of all stakeholders – entrepreneurs, public organizations, donor structures and the state.
The article is devoted to the problem of culinary diplomacy or "gastro-diplomacy", its role in world politics. In international practice, a new, innovative direction of culinary diplomacy or "gastro-diplomacy" becomes increasingly important every day. Culinary diplomacy, gastronomic promotion creates an important area of cultural diplomacy and requires that it be counted in cultural politics. As it is shown in the article, the world-famous historical processes that interact with civilizations and cultures, where national cuisine is a key aspect of mutual understanding and cooperation between states and peoples. The purpose of the paper is to consider and analyze the concept of "cultural diplomacy" or "gastro-diplomacy", its role in the cultural values of the state and the resolution of conflicts through national cuisine. To reveal methodological and methodical approaches to gastro-diplomatic relations and resolving conflicts by means of cooking and sociological-analytical analysis of cultural practices. Culinary diplomacy is a new direction in scientific studies in Ukraine, and it tries to use culinary practice to strengthen Ukrainian positions in world markets. It becomes interesting for various studies in the field of national-state, geopolitical and trade-economic interests. Analyzing today's gastro-diplomatic relations, we can say that they are the weapon of modern foreign policy on the one hand, and on the other, a peaceful instrument of softened influence in the relations of diplomacy. It is an innovative tool of cultural, diplomatic, social exchange between states. Culinary, we can name yet and public diplomacy to date is an innovative source, an instrument for social and cultural exchange.
The present work is devoted to the analysis of the current debt situation in foreign countries, investigated international practice of government debt management and summarized ways to minimize risk of increasing debt. Key words: budget deficit, government debt, world economy, government debt management, gross domestic product (GDP). ; У даній статті проаналізовано сучасний стан боргових зобов'язань зарубіжних країн, досліджено міжнародну практику управління державним боргом та узагальнено способи мінімізації ризику зростання боргу. Ключові слова: дефіцит державного бюджету, державний борг, світова економіка, управління державним боргом, валовий внутрішній продукт (ВВП).
