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In South Lorraine of the 16 th and 17 th centuries, the language of the mountain folk was replete with representations of diabolical animals. These malevolent beings, dubbed cacodemons, profoundly marked the fears of the inhabitants of isolated forest settlements. They were also one of the driving forces behind the upsurge in witch trials beginning in the 1580s. Using a lexicon specific to a period, population, and place, this article examines the mysterious workings of a widely shared imaginary world and strives to develop a coherent explanatory framework that broadens the approach to the concept of witchcraft, an area of special interest to historiographers today.

L'articolo propone un'analisi dedicata ai videogiochi in cui degli animali antropomorfizzati (o degli esseri umani zoomorfizzati) sono impiegati come personaggi per costruire contesti narrativi incentrati su piccole società e micro-comunità. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di osservare le peculiarità nell'uso dell'antro-zoomorfismo in contesti simili, dalle implicazioni in termini di identificazione al potenziale messaggio politico di tali prodotti. Il saggio – dopo un'introduzione sull'utilizzo degli animali nei videogiochi e un paragrafo di metodologia sulla scelta dei casi – si concentra su alcuni casi studio rappresentativi di categorie più ampie, distinguendo in particolare tra una prospettiva politico/bellica e una legata alle micro-comunità, le quali in modi differenti si legano a certe rappresentazioni del territorio. ; The present paper proposes an analysis on video games in which anthropomorphized animals (or zoomorphed humans) are used to build narrative contexts focused on small societies and micro-communities. The aim of this paper is to observe the peculiarities in the use of anthro-zoomorphism in similar contexts, from the implications in terms of identification to the potential political message of similar products. The essay, after an introduction on the use of animals in video games and a paragraph of methodology on the choice of cases, focuses on some case studies representative of broader categories, in particular distinguishing between the political/warlike perspective and the micro-community perspective, which are linked in different ways to representations of the territory.

Le Furry Fandom et sa production artistique prolifique basée sur le zoomorphisme méritent d'être découverts. Cet article présente une cartographie de cette subculture néomédiatique, mais lance aussi la réflexion sur ses spécificités : la proximité des Furries avec les médias actuels, le trouble dans l'espèce qu'ils explorent, et l'expression collective nouvelle qu'ils rendent possible.

1. Introduction -- 2. Theorizing racial consumption -- 3. Ethnic appropriateness : white nostalgia and Nordic noir -- 4. Engaging whiteness : black nerds -- 5. The taste of race : authenticity and food cultures -- 6. Race and children : from anthropomorphism to zoomorphism -- 7. Animals and plants : natural gardening and non-native species -- 8. Stories about race : knowledge and form -- 9. Conclusion.

Многочисленные памятники романской архитектуры разбросаны по всей Европе. Испанская романика выделяется своими яркими национальными чертами, которые были обусловлены историческими, политическими, географическими, а также культурными факторами. В данной статье рассматривается вопрос происхождения некоторых национальных особенностей испанской романики, а также приводится стилистический и иконографический анализы избранных памятников провинции Бургос, Испания. ; Numerous monuments of Romanesque architecture are scattered all over Europe. Spanish Romanesque is notable for local features, provoked with many factors: historical, political, geographical and cultural. This article studies origins of some local characteristics of the Spanish Romanesque, such as particular zoomorphism (beast-shapes) of monumental decorations, roviding stylistic and iconographic analysis of exemplar monuments of the province of Burgos, Spain.

According to the authors of the article, works of fiction that introduce shocking ideas into aesthetic reality fit into the general contemporary discourse of the extreme. Literary texts marked by the extreme are based on the principles of taboos violation which are expressed in the space of creativity as an invasion of forbidden topics, a rethinking of the concept of good and evil, a deviation from the norm of any type (from moral and ethical to linguistic). The material for the analysis is the modern Ural writers' works of various genre-generic forms: a book of poems "The Gospel of Lucifer" by A. Vavilov (2019), a novel "Department" by A. Salnikov (2018), a play "Claustrophobia" by K. Kostenko (2003). The paper shows how the category of the extreme manifests itself at all levels of the text: from problem-thematic (total alienation from traditional norms of life, identity crisis) to specific methods of world modeling associated with the image of the impaired consciousness of a modern person (zoomorphic code, dead-end space, obligatory motives of aggression) and linguistic extremism, based on prison and militaristic vocabulary, on taboo lexical units of the body bottom. Despite genre-generic difference of the works selected for the analysis, there is a similarity of the methods of depicting modern reality and the worldview of a person within the framework of everyday life combined not only by the extremely unusual (i. e., extreme) but also beyond the limits of the allowable and permissible. This poetics includes a lot of grotesque methods of amplification and redundancy with the help of which the recognizable features of modern reality are sharpened and depicted. © 2020 Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of RAS. All rights reserved.

The spectacular finds at Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Çorı: monolithic pillars representing stylized humans decorated with a large variety of animals, are the representation of an animist cosmos, in which animals and plants being may appear as persons, capable of will. Çatal Höyük represents a stage in which gods started to be shaped: the bull represented the Storm-god (a concept which reached the Classical period), the stag the god of the wild fauna, and female figurines symbolized the Mother-goddess. In Egypt, where gods where usually represented by animals, zoomorphism presents a continuity which ended only with the introduction of Christianity. The archaeological finds from Kaneš and the Hittite texts document an extraordinary continuity: each deity was represented by an animal, portraited in the vessel with which the celebrant (the royal couple or also a priest) reached a kind of communion with the god in drinking of the same wine and eating of the same bread.

"To Speak of Cattle is to Speak of Man": Anthroparchal Interactions in John Connell's The Farmer's Son. The present paper intends to build a critique of contemporary farming practices, based on Erika Cudworth's theory of "anthroparchy." By exemplifying how anthroparchal interactions function in John Connell's memoir, I will outline the becoming of a posthuman farmer that awakens certain sensibilities towards nonhuman animals, in ways that compel a rethinking of gendered relations, patriarchy, violence, and capitalist interests. The analysis provides a needed insight into recent developments in Irish rural farming, detailing the position of the human subject in relation to nonhuman otherness and describing some of the changes that need to be made regarding the power relations that are at work within patriarchal systems. To this extent, Cudworth's theoretical framework and Connell's memoir are proven to be contributing to the necessary restructuring of farming practices and of human-nonhuman interactions. Keywords: anthroparchy, posthumanism, gender relations, zoomorphism, capitalism, farming

Donald Griffin's writings, beginning with The Question of Animal Awareness (1976), strove to persuade scientists to study the possibility of animal sentience, the basis of Rowan et al.'s efforts to promote animal well-being. Facing great hostility (but also some acceptance) for his ideas, Griffin initially avoided animal welfare advocacy, fearing it would further undermine his efforts to gain recognition of animal sentience. In later years, however, he began to ponder the ethical implications of animal sentience, intending to study wild elephants' communication and social behavior to better understand their experienced life and apply it to improving conservation methods. As he recognized, ethical considerations require strategic prioritizing.

Donald Griffin's writings, beginning with The Question of Animal Awareness (1976), strove to persuade scientists to study the possibility of animal sentience, the basis of Rowan et al.'s efforts to promote animal well-being. Facing great hostility (but also some acceptance) for his ideas, Griffin initially avoided animal welfare advocacy, fearing it would further undermine his efforts to gain recognition of animal sentience. In later years, however, he began to ponder the ethical implications of animal sentience, intending to study wild elephants' communication and social behavior to better understand their experienced life and apply it to improving conservation methods. As he recognized, ethical considerations require strategic prioritizing.

Front Matter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction /Sabine Lenore Müller and Tina-Karen Pusse -- Ecocentric Ways of Being: Human-Nature Continuities in Philosophy and Poetry -- Chapter 1: The Language of Nature: Non-differentiation and Concept Formation in Early Modern Empiricisms /Aengus Daly -- Chapter 2: Environmental Modernism: Ecocentric Conceptions of the Self and the Emotions in the Works of R.M. Rilke and W.B. Yeats /Sabine Lenore Müller -- Chapter 3: Hortus Deliciarum/Garden of Delights: A Somatic Interpretation /Helen Phelan -- Chapter 4: From Dead Letters to Living Writing: The Aesthetic of Life in Novalis /Elisabeth Jütten -- Ecocentric Dwelling: The Global and the Local -- Chapter 5: A Voice from the Land: The Ecopoetics of a Gaeltacht Oral Poet /Gearóid Denvir -- Chapter 6: Murder in a Meadow: Environmental and Cultural Extinction in Cathal Ó Searcaigh's "Scrúdú Coinsiasa Roimh Dhul Chun Suain" /Lillis Ó Laoire -- Chapter 7: "Poetry's a Line of Defence": Ecopoetry and Politics in the 21st Century /Christian Schmitt-Kilb -- Chapter 8: Greening Democracy: A Defence of Critical Political Theory /Darrell Arnold -- Ecocentric Vision: Zoomorphism and Animal Perspectives -- Chapter 9: Dark Ecology and Black Comedy in Patrick McGinley's Foggage /Maureen O'Connor -- Above, Below and Behind the Camera: The Perspective of Animals /Karla McManus -- Ecocentrism at the Limits: Animal Encounters -- Against Exuberant Ecocentrism: Kafka, Coetzee and Transformative Mimesis /Roman Bartosch.

The psychology of bystanders, perpetrators, and heroic helpers / Ervin Staub -- What is a "social-psychological" account of perpetrator behavior? The person versus the situation in Goldhagen's Hitler's willing executioners / Leonard S. Newman -- Authoritarianism and the Holocaust: some cognitive and affective implications / Peter Suedfeld and Mark Schaller -- Perpetrator behavior as destructive obedience: an evaluation of Stanley Milgram's perspective, the most influential social-psychological approach to the Holocaust / Thomas Blass -- Sacrificial lambs dressed in wolves' clothing: envious prejudice, ideology, and the scapegoating of Jews / Peter Glick -- Group processes and the Holocaust / R. Scott Tindale ... [et al.] -- Examining the implications of cultural frames on social movements and group action / Daphna Oyserman and Armand Lauffer -- Population and predators: preconditions for the Holocaust from a control-theoretical perspective / Dieter Frey and Helmut Rez -- The zoomorphism of human collective violence / R.B. Zajonc -- The Holocaust and the four roots of evil / Roy F. Baumeister -- Instigators of genocide: examining Hitler from a social-psychological perspective / David R. Mandel -- Perpetrators with a clear conscience: lying self-deception and belief change / Ralph Erber -- Explaining the Holocaust: does social psychology exonerate the perpetrators? / Arthur G. Miller, Amy M. Buddie, and Jeffrey Kretschmar -- Epilogue: Social psychologists confront the Holocaust / Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber

Introduction-- 1. Writing in Animals in History Philip Howell and Hilda Kean -- I Animals and the Practice of History --2. The Other Citizens: Nationalism and Animals Sandra Swart 3. New Political History and the Writing of Animal Lives Mieke Roscher 4. Public History and Heritage: A Fruitful Approach for Privileging Animals? Hilda Kean 5. Wildlife Conservation as Cultural Memory Jan-Erik Steinkruger 6. Animals in Science: Laboratory Life from the Experimental Animal to the Model Organism Robert G.W. Kirk 7. Animals in the History of Animal and Veterinary Medicine Abigail Woods 8. Animal Matters Liv Emma Thorsen -- II Problems and Paradigms --9. Animals, Agency, and History Philip Howell 10. Animals in Victorian Literature and Culture Jennifer McDonnell 11. And Has Not Art Promoted Our Work Also? Visual Culture in Animal-Human HistoryJ. Keri Cronin 12. When Adam and Eve were Monkeys: Anthropomorphism, Zoomorphism, and Other Ways of Looking at Animals Boria Sax 13. Exhibiting Animals Helen Cowie 14. Topologies of Tenderness and Violence: Human-Animal Relations in Georgian England Carl Griffin 15. The History of Emotional Attachment to Animals Ingrid H. Tague 16. Surviving Twentieth-Century Modernity: Birdsong and Emotions in Britain Michael Guida -- -- --III Themes and Provocations --17. Breeding Julie-Marie Strange, Mick Worboys, and Neil Pemberton 18. Animals in and at War Gervase Phillips 19. Hunting and Animal-Human History Philip Howell 20. Eating Animals Chris Otter 21. Animals and Violence: Medieval Humanism, Medieval Brutality, and the Carnivorous Vegetarianism of Margery Kempe Karl Steel -- -- --Conclusions --22. Practising Animal-Human History Philip Howell -- Epilogue --Harriet Ritvo