Suchergebnisse

Why do we focus on the internal arrangements of the contractual process from a leadership perspective? Through empirical research where we have asked questions about the internal organizational arrangements, what kind of knowledge the organization need, and how institutional arrangements affect the contract process, we have tried to answer the main research question. We have also carried with us a question of if the organization's attachment to the public or private sector affects the arrangements. I have conducted a comparative case study where data has been generated from two public sector organizations, The National Road Administration, Helsebygg Midt-Norge, one private sector organization, Siemens, and one hybrid organization, NTE. Data was primarily generated from the governance system of the different organizations, and informant interviews. The analysis was carried out by two steps; first an empirical analysis, then a theoretical analysis, based on contractual theory, of the empirical findings. The empirical analysis shows that the organizations share the same thoughts on how to organize the contractual work; the division between the line and the project organization, the distribution of decision-making authority, and the institutionalization of a specific governance system. The organizational processes are formalized, and the governance system gives the clear recommendation on desired actions. The empirical data gives a clear understanding that the contract process is dominated by one profession — the engineers. Regarding the question on knowledge, I found the organizations to be interested foremost on problem solving competencies (engineering competencies). Other competencies, for example economic or legal competencies, where viewed as support competencies. We also found that personal skills in handling the complex and difficult processes and attitude toward ethics seemed to be of importance. On the question on how institutional elements in the organizational environment affected the contract process, we found that the overall interest of the organizations was stability and predictability. We also found that the market mechanisms cause the organizations some worry. In the end, the empirical findings did not give us any strong reasons to differentiate between public sector organizations and private sector organizations in how to deal with contractual work processes. The theoretical analysis has been carried out within classical and relational contract theory. The analysis shows that the empirical findings, to a great extend, can be explained through classical contract theory. It also gives us some ideas on what areas of the theory, especially relational contract theory that should be improved. Regarding the main research question, the conclusions indicate a need to establish a comprehensive approach to the contract process, to ensure a good balance between different partial processes. There also seem to be necessary to work on improvements on contract theory to increase the applicability of the theory, especially the relational contract theory.

This article explores the diffusion of trust-based management (TBM) and how trust-based management affects trust between managers and employees, as well as organizational results. The idea of trust-based management stems from reforms in Copenhagen municipality in 2012 and has since spread to the public sector in Norway and Sweden. Trust-based management is perceived by many as an innovation and as different from traditional governance and control. There have recently been some studies of trust-based management in Denmark and Sweden, but so far there are few empirically based studies of trust-based management beyond case studies. This analysis uses survey data from 143 managers and employees in public sector organizations in Norway and the article is the first analysis of the diffusion of trust-based management and its impact on organizational performance in Norway. The results indicate that there has been little change in trust-based management in recent years, and municipalities seem to have more trust-based management than central government organizations. Multivariate analyses with PLS-SEM show that increased trust-based management is positively related to organizational performance directly as well as positively related to organizational performance via trust, as expected from theory. ; Denne artikkelen utforsker utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse (TBSL) og hvordan tillitsbasert styring og ledelse påvirker tillit mellom ledere og ansatte og organisasjoners resultater i offentlig sektor i Norge. Idéen om tillitsbasert styring og ledelse springer ut fra reformer i København kommune i 2012 og har siden spredd seg til den offentlige sektoren i Norge og Sverige. Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse blir av mange oppfattet som en innovasjon og forskjellig fra tradisjonell styring og kontroll. Det er nå kommet en del studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i Danmark og Sverige, men det er så langt få empirisk baserte studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse utover case-studier. Analysen bruker spørreskjemadata fra 143 ledere og ansatte i offentlig virksomhet, og dette er den første analysen av utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse og dens virkninger i Norge. Resultatene viser at det har vært lite endring i tillitsbasert styring og ledelse de siste årene, og kommunene hadde mer tillitsbasert styring og ledelse enn statlige organisasjoner. Multivariate analyser med PLS-SEM viser at økt tillitsbasert styring og ledelse har en direkte positiv sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater så vel som en positiv indirekte sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater gjennom tillit, som forventet fra teorien.

This thesis deals on integration of ASEAN. The primary objective of this thesis is to find out the potential of ASEAN to be politically and economically integrated like EU, and the kind of difficulties it may face in a mid way. Since EU is a pioneer and benchmark for any integration and ASEAN takes EU as a reference, I choose EU as a base to compare the progress of ASEAN. As for the theoretical aspect, integration theory and its importance in global scenario is discussed. The research sought after the way ahead for ASEAN. This study is based on a comparative analysis of the development of both EU and ASEAN. The information and literature needed for the thesis will be collected from open source, which is easily accessible to all. After analyzing the historical background, present development and future prospect, I think ASEAN is turning out to be the successful regional cooperation. Even though ASEAN took reference from EU in its development, It don´t need to be like EU. Being the cooperation from different group of differently diversified nations, It can pave its own way forward and can lay good precedent for other upcoming regional co-operations. ; M-IR