Suchergebnisse

Sustainable agriculture synthesizes a variety of concepts associated with agricultural practices and their socio-economic impacts. In this article, some-requirements, for the development of sustainable-agriculture in Lithuania are analysed within the ecological economics framework. First, sustainable agriculture is discussed within the context of environmental economics. After this more theoretical part, the Common Agricultural Policy reforms, trends of sustainable agriculture in EU and requirements for the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania are elaborated.

Sustainable agriculture synthesizes a variety of concepts associated with agricultural practices and their socio-economic impacts. In this article, some-requirements, for the development of sustainable-agriculture in Lithuania are analysed within the ecological economics framework. First, sustainable agriculture is discussed within the context of environmental economics. After this more theoretical part, the Common Agricultural Policy reforms, trends of sustainable agriculture in EU and requirements for the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania are elaborated.

Sustainable agriculture synthesizes a variety of concepts associated with agricultural practices and their socio-economic impacts. In this article, some-requirements, for the development of sustainable-agriculture in Lithuania are analysed within the ecological economics framework. First, sustainable agriculture is discussed within the context of environmental economics. After this more theoretical part, the Common Agricultural Policy reforms, trends of sustainable agriculture in EU and requirements for the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania are elaborated.

Sustainable agriculture synthesizes a variety of concepts associated with agricultural practices and their socio-economic impacts. In this article, some-requirements, for the development of sustainable-agriculture in Lithuania are analysed within the ecological economics framework. First, sustainable agriculture is discussed within the context of environmental economics. After this more theoretical part, the Common Agricultural Policy reforms, trends of sustainable agriculture in EU and requirements for the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania are elaborated.

The final work of University Postgraduate studies, 65 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, 57 references, 1 appendix, Lithuanian language. KEY WORDS: agriculture, integration, globalization, liberalization of markets, World Trade Organization. The object of research – Lithuanian agriculture in the context of globalization. The aim of work – to analyze the impact of globalization on the Lithuanian agriculture on the ground of the modern globalization conception. Seeking the aim, the tasks are: 1) to analyze the changes of agriculture in the context of globalization; 2) to analyze the impact of globalization on Lithuanian agriculture; 3) to identify the development problems and perspectives of agriculture in the context of globalization. Methods of research – the analysis of scientific literature, induction, deduction, statistical data compilation and analysis, graphical depiction methods. According to scientific publication articles, monographs, strategic documents of EU, Lithuanian agriculture and rural areas development, legal documents, material gained on the conferences and internet, Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and World Trade Organization, World Bank database information.

The final work of University Postgraduate studies, 65 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, 57 references, 1 appendix, Lithuanian language. KEY WORDS: agriculture, integration, globalization, liberalization of markets, World Trade Organization. The object of research – Lithuanian agriculture in the context of globalization. The aim of work – to analyze the impact of globalization on the Lithuanian agriculture on the ground of the modern globalization conception. Seeking the aim, the tasks are: 1) to analyze the changes of agriculture in the context of globalization; 2) to analyze the impact of globalization on Lithuanian agriculture; 3) to identify the development problems and perspectives of agriculture in the context of globalization. Methods of research – the analysis of scientific literature, induction, deduction, statistical data compilation and analysis, graphical depiction methods. According to scientific publication articles, monographs, strategic documents of EU, Lithuanian agriculture and rural areas development, legal documents, material gained on the conferences and internet, Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and World Trade Organization, World Bank database information.

The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate relations between sustainable agriculture and environmental agriculture programmes. Sustainable agriculture covers not only environmental, but social and economic activities which are not typical for environmental agriculture. It is also analyzed development of sustainable agriculture as well as agri – environmental programmes. In spite that sustainable agriculture cover social and economic activities, but it cannot be compared with traditional agriculture. Agri – environmental measures are wider used in the European Union countries, meanwhile sustainable agriculture is no very popular between farmers. It is discussed different scientific viewpoints and reasons why agri – environmental programmes are not sustainable. The article evaluate why implemented agri – environmental and conventional farming are not sustain in Lithuania. In order to investigate Lithuanian farmer's willingness to participate in sustainable farming, interviews with farmers were conducted. The results discovered that lack of knowledge on sustainable farming is main barrier and farmers are practices traditional farming. The investigation also discovered that insufficient understanding is main reason not to participate in voluntary programmes and farmers are willing to participate in more attractive social and economic measures.

The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate relations between sustainable agriculture and environmental agriculture programmes. Sustainable agriculture covers not only environmental, but social and economic activities which are not typical for environmental agriculture. It is also analyzed development of sustainable agriculture as well as agri – environmental programmes. In spite that sustainable agriculture cover social and economic activities, but it cannot be compared with traditional agriculture. Agri – environmental measures are wider used in the European Union countries, meanwhile sustainable agriculture is no very popular between farmers. It is discussed different scientific viewpoints and reasons why agri – environmental programmes are not sustainable. The article evaluate why implemented agri – environmental and conventional farming are not sustain in Lithuania. In order to investigate Lithuanian farmer's willingness to participate in sustainable farming, interviews with farmers were conducted. The results discovered that lack of knowledge on sustainable farming is main barrier and farmers are practices traditional farming. The investigation also discovered that insufficient understanding is main reason not to participate in voluntary programmes and farmers are willing to participate in more attractive social and economic measures.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de gıda güvencesinin durumu, temel gıda ürünlerinde kendine yeterli olup olmadığı ve seçilmiş temel bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerde kendine yeterlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ile gelecek dönem için tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye'de kendine yeterlilik riski bulunan tarım ürünlerinin üretim politikaları için çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Türkiye'nin kendine yeterliliği sağladığı gıda ürünleri için dış pazardaki rekabet durumu da analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın kapsamı, gıda güvencesi koşulları çerçevesinde; sahip olunan doğal kaynaklar, sunulan teknoloji ve fiziki alt yapı, arazi kullanımı ve tarımsal üretim, tarımsal dış ticaret imkanlarının geçmişten günümüze kullanımının tespiti ile bu imkanları kullanırken gerekli olan gelir, satın alma gücü ve tüketim kalıplarıdır. Bu kapsamda uygulanan tarımsal destekleme politikaları, beslenme durumu, yoksulluk, gıda güvenliği ve gıda tüketiminde kendine yeterlilik derecesi gibi gıda güvencesinin alt bileşenleri ile birlikte bir bütün olarak Türkiye'de gıda güvencesinin mevcut ve gelecekteki durumu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada ağırlıklı olarak TÜİK ve FAO'nun verileri kullanılmış ve 1990 yılından itibaren son 30 yıl incelenmiştir. Analizlerde ARIMA tahmin modelleri, Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performans İndeksi (CEPI) ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi (TBA) kullanılmıştır. Temel bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerden buğday, ayçiçeği, şeker pancarı, mercimek, kuru fasulye, kırmızı et, tavuk eti ve sütün 2030 yılına kadar üretim, ihracat ve ithalat miktarları tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen tahmin değerleri ile yeterlilik dereceleri hesaplanmıştır. Mevcut durumda yetersiz olan buğday, ayçiçeği, mercimek, kuru fasulye ve kırmızı etin gelecek 10 yıl içinde de yetersiz olacakları ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu yetersizlikler ithalat ile desteklenmektedir ve ithalatın giderek artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Ancak bu durumun; gıda krizleri, doğal afetler ve ekonomik krizler gibi olası tehditler ile artan nüfus ve giderek daralan tarımsal alanlar karşısında uzun vadede sürdürülmesi mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle ele alınan ürünlerde yeterliliğin sağlanabilmesi için gerekli tedbirler ve politikalar önerilmiştir. Yeterli olup üretim fazlası bulunan ürünlerden zeytin, tavuk eti, yumurta ile yetersiz olup işlenmiş ürünlerine ait her yıl önemli miktarlarda ihracatı yapılan buğday ve ayçiçeğinin, ihracatta uluslararası rekabet gücü bakımından oldukça avantajlı bir konuma sahip oldukları da tespit edilmiştir. Gıda arzının ithalat desteği ile sağlanması, 11 milyon civarında yoksul nüfusun varlığı, %6 civarında beş yaş altı kronik beslenme yetersizliğine maruz nüfusun varlığı, her yıl artan nüfus karşısında son otuz yılda ortalama yıllık 160 bin hektar işlenen alanın tarım dışına çıkması, tarım alanının 'sinde erozyon sorununun bulunması, gıda güvencesinin sağlanmasında birer tehdit unsurları olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Türkiye mutlak olmasa da potansiyel olarak gıda güvencesini sağlamaktadır. Ancak gıda güvencesinin riskli olduğu gerekli ve sürdürülebilir tedbirler alınmaz ise bu güvencenin her an kaybedilebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. ; In this study, it is aimed to predict the state of food security in Turkey, whether it is self-sufficient in basic food products and by determining the self-sufficiency levels in selected basic herbal and animal products. Solutions have been introduced for the production policies of agricultural products at risk of self-sufficiency in Turkey. However, the competitive situation in the foreign market has been analyzed for food products in which Turkey provides self- self-adequacy. The scope of the research is within the framework of food security conditions; the natural resources, the technology and physical infrastructure offered, the use of land and agricultural production, the income, purchasing power and consumption patterns required when using these facilities with the determination of the use of agricultural foreign trade opportunities from the past to the present. The current and future status of food security in Turkey as a whole is discussed along with the agricultural support policies implemented within this scope, the sub-components of food security such as nutrition status, poverty, food safety and the degree of self-sufficiency in food consumption. The data of TURKSTAT and FAO were used mainly in the research and the last 30 years have been examined since 1990. ARIMA forecast models, Comparative Export Performance Index (CEPI) and Basic Components Analysis (TBA) were used in the analysis. Wheat, sunflower, sugar beet, lentils, dried beans, red meat, chicken meat and milk are estimated to be produced, exported and imported by 2030 from basic herbal and animal products. Estimated values and proficiency grades have been calculated. Wheat, sunflower, lentils, dried beans and red meat, which are currently self-deficient, will be insufficient in the next 10 years. These deficiencies are supported by imports and it is estimated that imports will increase gradually. However, This situation is not possible in the long term in the face of increasing populations and shrinking agricultural areas with possible threats such as food crises, natural disasters and economic crises. Therefore, necessary measures and policies have been proposed to ensure proficiency in the products discussed. Wheat and sunflower, which are adequate and exported in significant quantities of olives, chicken meat, eggs and processed products each year from products with surplus production, have also been found to have a very advantageous position in terms of international competitiveness in exports. Providing food supply with import support, the presence of around 11 million poor populations, the presence of chronic malnutrition under the age of 6% of the population under the age of five, the average annual 160,000 hectares of land processed out of agriculture in the last three decades in the face of the increasing population, the fact that there is an erosion problem in 37% of the agricultural area, has become a threat in ensuring food security. Turkey provides potentially food security, if not absolute. However, it has been revealed that this security could be lost at any time if necessary and sustainable measures are not taken that food security is risky.

Viable agriculture is an important element of national economy and society welfare. During the recent decades Lithuanian agricultural system has evolved. However, the nature of these changes and the links with viability of agriculture or individual farmers' farms is a relevant research topic. The identification of critical indicators of viable agriculture is important for the policy-making and the government of the agricultural system's evolution. The study is aiming at proposing a support model, which allows the sustainable development and viable maintenance of the most important sub-systems of Lithuanian agriculture. The first chapter reviews the most important scientific thoughts, theories and concepts, which propose different notions of the viable agriculture and the viable farm. The conducted research shows essential differences in understanding of the viable farm's aim and the settlement of viability indicators. Different scientific attitudes towards the governmental intervention, ensuring the maintenance of viable agriculture, are discussed. The second chapter analyses the impact of different scientific thoughts on the evolution of Lithuanian agriculture since 1990. Four main stages of the agricultural development, representing different approaches to notions of viability and changes of the agricultural support model, are discussed. The evolution of the agricultural support model in Lithuania is investigated divulging relevant challenges and the support model's orientation towards the maintenance of the long-term viability of agriculture. The third chapter provides the most critical indicators of viable agriculture. The most vulnerable niches of Lithuanian agriculture are identified generalizing the state of the art of social, economic and environmental indicators. The fourth chapter proposes the conceptual guidelines for the establishment of the support model to maintain the viable agricultural system in the long run. On the basis of the analysis of social, economic and environmental sub-systems' indicators, provided in the third chapter, and the analysis of the Lithuanian agricultural support model for the period of 2014–2020, provided in the second chapter, the model of direct payments is distinguished. This model absorbs a significant share of Common Agricultural Policy budget and could be improved applying proposed conceptual guidelines. The study evaluates the national model of direct payments for the period 2015–2020 and underlines its' limitations. The relevance of this model to ensure the desired state of the most critical viability indicators is discussed. Alternative support models are proposed and evaluated, agricultural support development recommendations are provided.