Suchergebnisse

This executive order by Governor Jim Hodges establishes a South Carolina Education Roundtable to maximize the impact of the No Child Left Behind legislation.

The Chilean health care system has been intensively reformed in the past 20 years. Reforms under the Pinochet government (1973-1990) aimed mainly at the decentralization of the system and the development of a private sector. Decentralization involved both a deconcentration process and the devolution of primary health care to municipalities. The democratic governments after 1990 chose to preserve the core organization but introduced reforms intended to correct the system's failures and to increase both efficiency and equity. The present article briefly explains the current organization of the Chilean health care system. It also reviews the different reforms introduced in the past 20 years, from the Pinochet regime to the democratic governments. Finally, a brief discussion describes the strengths and weaknesses of the system, as well as the challenges it currently faces. ; El sistema de salud chileno ha sido intensamente reformado en los últimos 20 años. Las reformas bajo el gobierno de Pinochet (1973-1990) apuntaron principalmente a la descentralización del sistema y al desarrollo del sector privado. La descentralización involucró un proceso de desconcentración y la devolución de las unidades de atención primaria a las municipalidades. Los gobiernos democráticos posteriores a 1990 escogieron preservar el núcleo organizacional, pero las reformas introducidas buscaron corregir las fallas del sistema y aumentar la eficacia y la equidad. El presente artículo explica brevemente la organización actual del sistema de salud chileno y revisa las diferentes reformas introducidas en los últimos 20 años desde el régimen de Pinochet hasta los gobiernos democráticos. Finalmente, presenta una discusión breve para describir las fortalezas y debilidades del sistema, así como los desafíos que enfrenta actualmente.

The Bangladesh Resident Mission (BRM)-ADB's first resident office was established in July 1982 to facilitate ADB's operations in the country. Since then, BRM's role has grown and evolved with that of ADB itself. In a recent decision by ADB to decentral¬ize responsibilities, BRM was chosen for maximum delegation. BRM's functions are to Initiate and maintain dialogue with the Government of Bangladesh on issues that are of relevance to ADB operations in the country Strengthen project processing and portfolio management. Prepare the country strategy and program and its annual updates, and monitor the progress of the Partnership Agreement for Poverty Reduction with the Government of Bangladesh. Strengthen working relations with the Government, development partners, nongovernment organizations, civil society, and the private sector Plan and prepare ADB's substantive economic and sector work for Bangladesh. Promote external relations and disseminate information about ADB and its operations.

The Bangladesh Resident Mission (BRM)-ADB's first resident office was established in July 1982 to facilitate ADB's operations in the country. Since then, BRM's role has grown and evolved with that of ADB itself. In a recent decision by ADB to decentral¬ize responsibilities, BRM was chosen for maximum delegation. BRM's functions are to Initiate and maintain dialogue with the Government of Bangladesh on issues that are of relevance to ADB operations in the country Strengthen project processing and portfolio management. Prepare the country strategy and program and its annual updates, and monitor the progress of the Partnership Agreement for Poverty Reduction with the Government of Bangladesh. Strengthen working relations with the Government, development partners, nongovernment organizations, civil society, and the private sector Plan and prepare ADB's substantive economic and sector work for Bangladesh. Promote external relations and disseminate information about ADB and its operations.

Daniela Rüther ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- PVA 2002.4425

The optical response of the lowest energy isomers of theC 20 family is calculated using time-dependent density functional theory within a real-space, real-time scheme. Significant differences are found among the spectra of the different isomers, and thus we propose optical spectroscopy as a tool for experimental investigation of the structure of these important clusters. ; This work was partially supported by the RTN program of the European Union NANOPHASE (Contract No. HPRNCT-HPRNCT- 2000-00167), DGESIC (PB98-0345), and JCyL (VA28/99). A.C. acknowledges support from the MEC under the graduate fellowship program, and hospitality from the INT at the University of Washington, G.B. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. E-FG-06- 90ER-41132. ; Peer reviewed

Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Situation der Großstadtfriedhöfe in den fünf Neuen Bundesländern und gibt Anregungen zum weiteren Umgang mit ihnen. Verdeutlicht wird anhand von Umfrageergebnissen, daß zur Zeit zu viele Bestattungsflächen vorgehalten werden. Weiterhin lassen sich mit der Umfrage Aussagen zu Zuschußverfahren und zum Umgang mit den Denkmalen auf den Friedhöfen machen. Durch die Beschreibung der wirtschaftlichen, politischen, gesellschaftlichen und verwaltungstechnischen Hintergründe in der Entwicklung der Friedhöfe von 1945 bis zum Beginn der 90er Jahre wird die heute vorgefundene Ausgangsbasis geklärt. Um dafür Lösungen anbieten zu können, wird die Grundlage der Handlungsmöglichkeiten (das jeweils zuständige Rechtssystem) auf in der derzeitigen Situation anwendbare Bestandteile untersucht. Ausgehend von der sehr problematischen wirtschaftlichen Situation der Friedhofshaushalte werden Lösungswege entwickelt, die auf eine Vernetzung sämtlicher verfügbarer Fördermittel zielen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden 4 verschiedene Szenarien entwickelt. Alle beschriebenen Szenarien sind derzeit anwendbar, bzw. wurden in ähnlicher Form bereits umgesetzt.

The Plains Cree, Assiniboine and Ojibwa of the Brandon House area were afflicted by the 1819-20 measles epidemic. Each group experienced different mortality rates as a result of differences in their coping strategies. This study examines the various mortality rates through factors such as nutritional intake, suitable housing and overall health. It then attempts to apply the Human Behaviour Model, as developed by Michael Trimble, to the situation at Brandon House and look for anomalies in his model. Finally, this thesis seeks to take a holistic approach in understanding the interrelationship between the local and global events occurring in the early part of the 1800s, as well as the political, social and economic changes experienced by the First Nations peoples. At this time, these people experienced sociocultural and economic changes that both impacted and were impacted by the 1819-20 measles epidemic. In examining the diffusion of the 1819-20 measles epidemic, Michael Trimble's model is based upon the Mandan-Hidatsa horticultural community. While some aspects of his model are applicable to the hunting-based economy of the First Nations people at Brandon House, socioeconomic factors including alcohol consumption are neglected. In addition, a more in-depth analysis of nutritional intake (diet) and social and mental health illuminate the importance of these factors on the immune system and their impact on mortality rates. As nutritional deficiency increases and health decreases, the immune system becomes compromised and a person becomes more susceptible to disease and secondary infections. As the Plains Cree and Assiniboine experienced a decline in their role as middlemen in the fur trade, they began to lose their economic and political position with the Mandan First Nations. Within the historical fur trade literature, political and socioeconomic events such as the "Horse Wars" appear to be removed from the affects of the disease, this is not always the case. Thus, the consequences of the 1819-20 measles epidemic ...

42, [17] p. : ill. ; On November 19 and 20, approximately 120 people from various backgrounds came together to discuss important issues related to the inner city housing stock. The government, third and private sectors were all represented at the forum, and geographic representation ranged from Spence, West Broadway and the North End, to Elmwood, McDermot-Sherbrook, and even Thompson and Brandon. The event was organized around two main themes: Affordable Rental Housing in the Inner City, and New Residential Construction in the Inner City. Each session was launched by presentations from representatives drawn from the community, the university and the private sector. The presentations were followed by group discussions focussing on questions provided at the outset of the forums. The goal of the discussions was to set a direction for the development of housing, both new and rehabilitated, resident-owned and rental, in the inner city. It was felt that this dialogue would identify strategies which could be used to improve the quality of residences in the inner city. The sessions were held at the Indian and Metis Friendship Centre. Special thanks to their staff for their help in hosting the event, and for providing the meals. ; Hosted by the Winnipeg Housing and Homelessness Initiative

This paper deals with the question of whether the discrimination against agriculture that prevailed in Sub-Saharan Africa until the early 1980s has continued to characterize the region despite the widespread adoption of structural adjustment programs. The evolution of both direct interventions in agricultural markets and the indirect effects resulting from overvalued exchange rates and import substitution policies is evaluated empirically. It turns out that the taxation of export crops has become less severe but is still significant in most producing countries, and that progress in eliminating macroeconomic distortions has differed enormously between countries, with a slightly positive overall trend.

Bildungsausgaben sind ein wichtiger und weit verbreiteter Indikator für die quantitative Entwicklung von Bildungssystemen und die Humankapitalbildung. Vor allem im historischen Kontext sind Bildungsausgaben jedoch oft schwer zu messen. Der Verfasser setzt sich mit diesem Problem am Beispiel Schwedens in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts auseinander. Daten über Bildungsausgaben basieren oft auf der amtlichen Statistik, die soziale, finanzielle und sonstige Bedingungen in einem bestimmten Sektor als Vorbedingung für moderne, rational-bürokratische politische Steuerung erhebt. Der Datensammlung und der Anwendung statistischer Kategorien auf die soziale Wirklichkeit wohnt selbst eine strukturierende Kraft inne. Die Realität, die durch Messungen und Kategorisierungen geschaffen wird und in der historischen amtlichen Statistik zu Tage tritt, kann also mit analytischen Erfordernissen konfligieren. Zudem waren die Messverfahren in der Frühzeit der amtlichen Statistik noch ziemlich unvollkommen. Der Verfasser spricht vor allem die folgenden Probleme an: (1) unvollständige Monetarisierung des Bildungssystems im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert mit Rückwirkungen vor allem auf die Sammlung von Daten über den Grundschulbesuch; (2) Existenz eines privaten Bildungswesens, über das kaum Daten vorliegen; (3) Bildungsinstitutionen mit nicht-staatlichen Einnahmequellen. Der Verfasser schließt mit einigen Anmerkungen zu speziellen Problemen, die sich aus diesen Schwierigkeiten bei vergleichenden Untersuchungen ergeben. ; Educational expenditure is an important and widely used indicator for the quantitative development of educational systems and for human capital formation. However, educational expenditure is often difficult to measure accurately, especially in historical studies. The paper deals with these problems of measurement, using the case of Sweden in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century as an example. Official statistics usually provide the main empirical basis for data on educational expenditure. Their aim is to register the social, financial etc. conditions in a certain area as a precondition for modern, rational, bureaucratic modes of governing. The collection of data and the application of statistical categories to social reality possesses a structuring force in itself. The reality created in and through measurement and categorisation that is presented in historical official statistics may thus be in conflict with our analytical requirements. In addition, measurement techniques often still were quite imperfect in the early days of official statistics. The main problems to be discussed in the paper are: - incomplete monetarisation of the educational system in the 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly affecting the collection of data on primary schooling, - the existence of a private sector of education, data on which are scarce, and - the fact that some public educational institutions possessed sources of income other than the state and municipalities' budgets. The paper concludes with some remarks on the particular problems these measurement difficulties create in comparative studies.

International audience ; Dans un contexte marqué par le développement des audits de début de mandat, cette étude empirique s'intéresse à l'influence politique de ce moyen de contrôle et d'information, escomptée au moment de son engagement, sur la réélection du maire à la prochaine échéance municipale. Cet impact politique est analysé dans le cadre des théories des choix publics, de l'agence et du vote, où l'audit externe constitue une source d'information crédible et compréhensible destinée aux électeurs. Cette influence théorique sur la décision de vote des électeurs est appréciée sur la base des résultats aux dernières élections municipales de 2001 pour 141 villes de plus de 20 000 habitants. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'absence d'influence des politiques de communication financière et d'audit de début de mandat sur la réélection du maire et sur la continuité politique.

International audience ; Dans un contexte marqué par le développement des audits de début de mandat, cette étude empirique s'intéresse à l'influence politique de ce moyen de contrôle et d'information, escomptée au moment de son engagement, sur la réélection du maire à la prochaine échéance municipale. Cet impact politique est analysé dans le cadre des théories des choix publics, de l'agence et du vote, où l'audit externe constitue une source d'information crédible et compréhensible destinée aux électeurs. Cette influence théorique sur la décision de vote des électeurs est appréciée sur la base des résultats aux dernières élections municipales de 2001 pour 141 villes de plus de 20 000 habitants. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'absence d'influence des politiques de communication financière et d'audit de début de mandat sur la réélection du maire et sur la continuité politique.

In a comparative study of the DSL service developments between the US and South Korea, the author discusses the strength of South Korea in this regard and how the US counterpart can learn from the examples. First, the author argues the laws and regulations in South Korea make the DSL deployment flourish. The urban development in Seoul, for example, gets people "wired" easier and cheaper as city dwellers live in multi-dwelling units. In addition, the forward thinking of the South Korean government in laying the Korean Information Infrastructure culminates this rapid development. With a comprehensive plan in place, the economics of DSL supply and demand takes the South Korean into the Internet Age on a superhighway. The South Koreans enjoy low price and fast services from home to offices. In addition, software industry pours talents into the mix and that makes the optimal use of the infrastructure. The government also enjoys this successful DSL deployment. Borrowing from the Korean experience, the author recommends four considerations to the U.S. Broadband deployment. They are technical, regulatory, legal and economic considerations. These considerations are prevalent because of some misconceptions in the area. In all, the author advocates that the U.S. can benefit greatly from this comparative analysis.

In a comparative study of the DSL service developments between the US and South Korea, the author discusses the strength of South Korea in this regard and how the US counterpart can learn from the examples. First, the author argues the laws and regulations in South Korea make the DSL deployment flourish. The urban development in Seoul, for example, gets people "wired" easier and cheaper as city dwellers live in multi-dwelling units. In addition, the forward thinking of the South Korean government in laying the Korean Information Infrastructure culminates this rapid development. With a comprehensive plan in place, the economics of DSL supply and demand takes the South Korean into the Internet Age on a superhighway. The South Koreans enjoy low price and fast services from home to offices. In addition, software industry pours talents into the mix and that makes the optimal use of the infrastructure. The government also enjoys this successful DSL deployment. Borrowing from the Korean experience, the author recommends four considerations to the U.S. Broadband deployment. They are technical, regulatory, legal and economic considerations. These considerations are prevalent because of some misconceptions in the area. In all, the author advocates that the U.S. can benefit greatly from this comparative analysis.