Suchergebnisse

The question of inequality of men and women became a world problem in second half of the 20th century and the solution has been sought by important international organisations (OZN), European Union and individual states. Assuring same options for both sexes in all departments and on all levels of life became one of preferential tasks of European Union since we can still find different forms (open and hidden) of gender discrimination in modern states. In the fist part author presents key features of male centred traditional social order in western civilisation, main characteristics and bearers of ensuring same opportunities for both genders stretching from global to European level. Informal and formal education have important role with the process of abolishing discrimination. Educators carry new patterns of relationship between sexes and it is therefore important that they are educated and also lifelong educated, especially those who are on key positions and make decisions in all areas of life. Author therefore in the second part presents some approaches and usages of such education in members of European Union and in Slovenia. ; Vprašanje družbene neenakosti žensk in moških je v drugi polovici 20. stoletja postalo svetovni problem, ki so se ga resno lotile pomembne mednarodne organizacije (OZN) in državne skupnosti (EU) ter posamezne države. Zagotavljanje enakih možnosti za oba spola na vseh področjih in na vseh ravneh življenja je postalo ena prednostnih nalog EU, kajti v sodobnih družbah še obstajajo različne oblike (odkrite in zlasti prikrite) diskriminacije po spolu. Avtorica v prvem delu razkriva ključne značilnosti moškosrediščnega tradicionalnega družbenega reda v zahodni civilizaciji ter predstavlja glavne značilnosti in nosilce zagotavljanja enakih možnosti žensk in moških od globalne do evropske ravni. Pomembno vlogo pri odpravljanju diskriminacije imata formalno in neformalno izobraževanje. Ker pa morajo biti tudi izobraževalci in nosilci novih vzorcev odnosov med spoloma izobraženi, je pomembno vseživljenjsko izobraževanje odraslih, zlasti tistih, ki zasedajo ključne položaje odločanja na vseh področjih življenja. Zato avtorica v drugem delu prispevka predstavlja nekatere pristope in prakse takšnega izobraževanja v drugih državah članicah EU ter v Sloveniji.

Magistrsko diplomsko delo z naslovom Glavna obravnava v upravnem sporu kot človekova pravica celovito obravnava vprašanje (ne)izvedbe glavne obravnave v upravnem sporu. Mednarodni in slovenski predpisi predvidevajo javne sodne postopke z neposrednim ustnim obravnavanjem zadev. Prvi odstavek 6. člena Evropske konvencije o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin določa, da je javna obravnava sestavni del pravice do poštenega sojenja. Ustava Republike Slovenije posredno ureja glavno obravnavo v upravnem sporu, in sicer zlasti v 22. členu (enako varstvo pravic), 23. členu (pravica do sodnega varstva) in 24. členu (javnost sojenja). Glavno obravnavo kot zakonsko materijo podrobneje urejajo določbe Zakona o upravnem sporu in Zakona o pravdnem postopku. Izhajajoč iz ugotovitev Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice, Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije in Vrhovnega sodišča Republike Slovenije v magistrskem diplomskem delu zagovarjam dosledno izvedbo glavne obravnave, predvsem v primeru spornega dejanskega stanja in ko stranka njeno izvedbo izrecno zahteva. Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije in Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije sta v novejši sodni praksi zavzela enotno stališče, da ima glavna obravnava v upravnem sporu enako naravo in smisel kot glavna obravnava v katerem koli drugem sodnem postopku. Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije je pravico do glavne obravnave v upravnem sporu opredelilo kot samostojno človekovo pravico, ki jo zagotavlja 22. člen Ustave Republike Slovenije. Pravica ni absolutna, zato morajo biti posegi vanjo zakonsko določeni ter prestati ustavna testa legitimnosti (tretji odstavek 15. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije) in sorazmernosti (2. člen Ustave Republike Slovenije). ; The master's thesis titled The main hearing in an administrative dispute as a human right comprehensively deals with issues regarding decision-making in an administrative dispute. International and Slovenian legal acts envisage public legal procedures with direct oral proceedings. The right to an oral hearing is an integral part of the right to a fair trial, as guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia indirectly regulates the right to a main hearing in an administrative dispute, especially in Article 22 (Equal Protection of Rights), Article 23 (Right to Judicial Protection) and Article 24 (Public Nature of Court Proceedings). The right to a main hearing is specified in the Administrative Dispute Act and the Contentious Civil Procedure Act. Building on the findings of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia, the master's thesis advocates for the consistent execution of the main hearing, particularly in cases where facts are being disputed and when a party explicitly demands it. The Constitutional and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia agreed that the main hearing possesses the same nature and meaning in an administrative dispute as it does in any other judicial proceeding. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia has declared the right to a main hearing in an administrative dispute as an independent human right, which is guaranteed by Article 22 of the Constitution. As the right is not absolute, the absence of the main hearing is only permissible in duly justified cases prescribed by law and when the Constitutional tests of legitimacy (paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Constitution) and proportionality (Article 2 of the Constitution) are passed.

Avtor v članku opredeli štiri faze razvoja prebivalstva v mestu Maribor. Hitri rasti števila prebivalstva v 60. letih 20. stoletja je sledila stagnacija v 80. letih in nato depopulacija v 90. letih in po letu 2000. V primerjavi z drugimi večjimi mesti v Sloveniji je bila depopulacija najbolj intenzivna prav v Mariboru (med letoma 1981 in 2008 se je število prebivalcev zmanjšalo za okoli 12 %). Naravni prirast je v mestu konstantno negativen vse od leta 1985 dalje, selitveni prirast pa je bil negativen med letoma 1992 in 2007. Maribor med večjimi slovenskimi mesti izkazuje tudi najbolj neugodno starostno sestavo prebivalstva z najvišjim deležem starega prebivalstva in najvišjim indeksom staranja, po zadnjem popisu prebivalstva pa zaostaja za drugimi mesti tudi po deležu prebivalstva z višje ali visoko šolsko izobrazbo, čeprav je drugo največje univerzitetno mesto v Sloveniji. Glede na ugotovljene demografske značilnosti se bo v naslednjih dveh desetletjih v mestu bistveno povečal delež prebivalstva v starosti nad 65 let, kar bo zahtevalo nove oblike organiziranja dejavnosti v mestu in prilagajanja starejši populaciji. ; Author identified four stages of demographic development in the city of Maribor (Slovenia). Population growth in the 1960s was followed by stagnation of population in the 1980s and depopulation in the 1990s and after 2000. In Maribor, compared with other major cities in Slovenia, depopulation have been more intensive (between 1981 and 2008, the population decreased by about 12 %). Natural growth is constantly negative from 1985 onwards, and net migration was negative between 1992 and 2007. Maribor is also showing the most unfavorable age structure of the population with the highest proportion of the elderly population and the highest aging index. Furthermore, according to the last census it lags behind other towns in the share of population with high school education, although it is the second largest university town in Slovenia. Considering the established demographic characteristics, and significant increase of the share of the population over 65 years in the next two decades, this will require new ways of organizing activities in the city and its adaption to the elderly population.

The text is in the form of a letter addressed to the author by a friend, signed at the end (p. 91): Q.N. Rotterdam 23 Jan. 1781. In the preface the author states that it is a commentary, written at his suggestion, in response to a pamphlet entitled "Het politieck systema van de regeering van Amsterdam," attributed to Hendrik Calkoen. The subject in part is the unauthorized negotiations for a commercial treaty between the burgomasters of Amsterdam and the United States. Attributed to Elie Luzac by Knuttel. Date of publication from preface, page [4], signed Middelburg, 1 February 1781. ; Florida Atlantic University Libraries' Marvin and Sybil Weiner Spirit of America Collection, Pamphlets: Foreign Language B8F17 ; Florida Atlantic Digital Library Collections

V pričujočem delu se avtorica loteva raziskovanja terapevtovega doživljanja terapevtskega odnosa in sicer skozi prizmo navezanosti. Teoretični uvod tako predstavlja podrobno predstavitev teorije navezanosti od Bowlbyja naprej. Avtorica pregleda zgodovino koncepta kot tudi njegov razvoj in etiologijo. Drugi del teoretičnega uvoda je sestavljen iz predstavitve koncepta terapevtskega delovnega odnosa in njegove implikacije za terapevtsko delo. Avtorica se znova poglobi v razumevanje koncepta in skuša slediti njegovemu razvoju. Delo nato preide na raziskovalni del. Avtorico je zanimalo, kako terapevti doživljajo terapevtski odnos skozi lečo navezanosti. Za ta namen je terapevtski odnos razdelila na tri faze – fazo prednavezanosti, ki jo zaznamuje vzpostavljanje kontakta in učenje pravil terapevtskega dela, sledi ji faza oblikovanja navezanosti, kjer je dinamika že utečena, klienti pa opažajo prve spremembe v svojem življenju, in zadnja faza, torej faza navezanosti, ki jo oblikuje visoka stopnja zaupanja, jasna komunikacija med klientom in terapevtom in dobra delovna aliansa. Avtorica je za namen naloge intervjuvala osem terapevtov in podatke, pridobljene v teh intervjujih analizirala s pomočjo kvalitativne metode fenomenološke raziskave. Ugotovitve so pokazale, da se doživljanje terapevtov v veliki meri sklada z do sedaj aktualno teorijo. V fazi prednavezanosti so terapevti poročali o tem, da se odnos šele oblikuje, zaupanje vzpostavlja, komunikacija še usklajuje. V fazi oblikovanja navezanosti terapevti poročajo o naraščajočem zaupanju in opažanju sprememb in v zadnji fazi poročajo o močni navezanosti in z rastjo odnosa vedno bolj enakovreden odnos med terapevtom in klientom. To je tudi obdobje, ko klient in terapevt načrtujeta zaključek. Raziskovalno delo je avtorici ponudilo vpogled v globoko doživljanje terapevtskih odnosov s strani terapevta, spoznala je izzive, s katerimi se terapevti srečujejo pri svojem delu, pa tudi dobrobiti terapevtskega dela. V svojem delu je avtorica izpostavila tudi pomanjkanje informacij s področja raziskovanja terapevtske perspektive. ; In the current master thesis, the author is exploring a therapists' perception of psychotherapy process through the lens of attachment. The theoretical part consists of precise description of ontogeny of the attachment theory from his beginner, John Bowlby. The author follows the history and etiology of the mentioned concept. The other part of the master thesis consists of presentation of the working alliance concept and its indication for therapeutic work. Author tries to get an overall understanding about the concept, its origins and current implications. In the current master thesis, the author was interested in therapists' perception of psychotherapy relationship through the attachment perspective. To enquire about it she divided the attachment process on three main stages – the preattachment stage, characterized by first contact and establishment of communication, second stage, namely attachment in the making stage, where the trust and therapy framework is already established and clients can see first changes, and last, third phase that is the attachment phase, where therapist and clients have high level of trust, good communication and good working alliance. Author interviewed eight therapists and analyzed the information from the interviews via phenomenological research. Results have shown that the way therapists from the research see their relationships folds well with the current theory from the field. In the preattachment stage the therapist spoke about the way the relationship has yet to be built, the trust has yet to be gained and communication is still on shaky grounds. In the second, attachment in the making phase, therapists observe deeper trust, clients start seeing changes in their lives and in the last, attachment phase they describe the relationship as of one of strong attachment. With continuation of the relationship the relationship itself become more of an equal one and is, as such, slowly transcending into the conclusion phase. The research work enabled the author to see the depth of the therapists' experiencing of the relationships they make with their clients, she get to know the challenges of the therapeutic relationships and also the benefits of it. As a conclusion, the author exposes the lack of information available on research done of exploring the therapists' perspective.

In het kader van duurzame ontwikkeling is het tegengaan van de opwarming van de aarde één van de grootste uitdagingen die we onder ogen moeten zien. Het Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stelde in de periode 1996-2005 een gemiddelde temperatuurstijging van 0,74°C vast. Deze temperatuurstijging is met grote waarschijnlijkheid te wijten aan menselijke activiteiten en zal wereldwijd gevolgen hebben, gaande van extreme weersomstandigheden tot snelle verspreiding van ziekten. Teneinde deze opwarming tegen te gaan, zullen de emissies van broeikasgassen drastisch gereduceerd moeten worden. Gezien het Kyoto-protocol in 2012 afloopt, werd in december 2009 een nieuwe klimaatconferentie gehouden in Kopenhagen. Het resultaat van deze klimaattop was echter teleurstellend. Er werden geen concrete doelstellingen per land overeengekomen. Enkele maanden later bevestigde België dat ze de politieke verbintenissen die de Europese Unie aangaat, zal naleven. Dit houdt een CO2-reductie van 20% in

Uradniški svet je samostojen in neodvisen organ, ki je bil ustanovljen z namenom depolitizacije državne uprave. Člani Uradniškega sveta določijo standarde in normative ter merila za izbiro kandidatov, ki se prijavijo za položaj najvišjih javnih uslužbencev. Kadar slišimo pojem politizacije se nam takoj ustvari nekakšna slika kako politika skozi politično kadrovanje poskuša vplivati na delovanje državne uprave in tako uveljaviti svoje interese in cilje. Politizacija ni nov pojav in tudi ne redek, z njo se srečujemo vsak dan in na vseh nivojih upravljanja (lokalnem, nacionalnem in nadnacionalnem). Avtor zaključnega dela raziskuje spolitiziranost Uradniškega sveta, cilj naloge pa je kako in na kakšen način se odraža spolitiziranost Uradniškega sveta in kako le ta vpliva na imenovanje najvišjih javnih uslužbencev v Sloveniji. Na podlagi vprašalnika, intervjujev ter analize dela je avtor prišel do ugotovitev, da lahko zasledimo obrise spolitiziranosti Uradniškega sveta. Bolj kot spolitiziranost Uradniškega sveta pa se kaže kako in na kakšen način poskuša politika imenovati najvišje javne uslužbence. ; Officials Council is body outside the government and was established to depoliticize administration in Slovenia. Members of Officials Council set standards, norms and criteria for the selection of candidates for the position of senior civil servants. When we hear the notion politicization, we immediately think how politics try to influence and enforce their interest threw a form of political recruitment in administration. Politicization is not a new phenomenom and it is not uncommon. We can find politicization at every level of governance (local, national and even transnational). The author researches the politicization of the Officials Council. In particular, he is interested in how and in what way the politicization of the Officials Council is reflected and how it affects the appointment of the highest civil servants in Slovenia. Through in-depth interviews, questionnaire and analysis of the work of Officials Council the author found out that we can see politicization of the Officials Council, but more than that we can see how politics try to affect on appointing the high-ranking civil servants.

Avtorica v magistrskem delu obravnava vpliv Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah na upravni postopek v državah članicah. V začetku prikaže razvoj varstva temeljnih pravic v okviru Skupnosti, zatem podrobneje predstavi temeljne značilnosti Listine ter povzame ugotovitve o uporabi Listine v državah članicah, ki izhajajo iz poročil o temeljnih pravicah Agencije Evropske unije za temeljne pravice. Že v začetnih poglavjih na relevantnih mestih opozori na prednosti in slabosti Listine, ki bi utegnile vplivati na upravni postopek. V nadaljevanju se posveti kritični obravnavi vpliva, ki ga imata na nacionalni upravni postopek dve najbolj procesno naravnani pravici iz Listine, in sicer pravica do dobrega upravljanja (41. člen Listine) in pravica do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva in nepristranskega sodišča (47. člen Listine). Nato na primerih iz sodne prakse Sodišča Evropske unije in nacionalnih sodišč prikaže, kako Listina vpliva na ugotovitveni postopek, obveznosti upravnih organov pred izdajo odločbe, možnost sodne kontrole nad upravnimi akti ter na pravnomočno zaključene zadeve. ; The thesis examines the impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the administrative procedure in Member States. In the introductory chapters, the developments in the protection of fundamental rights within the European Communities are outlined and the main features of the Charter are presented in greater detail. The key findings on the application of the Charter in the Member States are drawn from the annual fundamental rights reports that are prepared by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Throughout the entire thesis, strengths and weaknesses of the Charter that would have a significant impact on the administrative procedure are referenced where relevant. Further on, the Author critically examines the impact of the right to good administration (article 41 EU Charter) and the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial (article 47 EU Charter), both of procedural character, on the national administrative procedure. Finally, referring to examples acquired from the recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national case law, the Author demonstrates how the Charter impacts the fact assessment procedure, the obligations of administrative bodies throughout the proceeding, the possibility of judicial review of administrative action and the impact on final administrative decisions.

ParlaMint is a multilingual set of comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after October 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the ParlaMint TEI-encoded corpora with the derived plain text version of the corpus along with TSV metadata on the speeches. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. Note that there also exists the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1405.

ParlaMint 2.1 is a multilingual set of 17 comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after November 1st 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the ParlaMint TEI-encoded corpora with the derived plain text version of the corpus along with TSV metadata on the speeches. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. Note that there also exists the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, which is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1431.

Klep, Christ, Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica. De nasleep van drie ontspoorde vredesmissies (Dissertatie Utrecht 2008; Amsterdam: Boom, 2008, 385 blz., ISBN 978 90 8506 668 2)When the Home Front meets Foreign Parts. The Aftermath of Commissions of Inquiry into derailed Peace MissionsPeace Missions take place in difficult and volatile circumstances. It is therefore hardly surprising that some peace missions become 'derailed'. Christ Klep zooms in on three 'derailed' missions in his book and focuses on the value of Commissions of Inquiry which are subsequently set up as a result of public and political pressure. Do they succeed in revealing the 'how' and the 'why' of such derailments and – above all – identifying those who are responsible? Based on a broad spectrum of questions and extensive source materials, Klep concludes that 'the number of escape routes from the labyrinth of responsibility is practically infinite'; a clear message for all those taking part in international and domestic politics. It is here that the author skillfully and expertly succeeds: exposing the complex entanglement of domestic and foreign policy, even concerning events that sometimes happen away from the capital city.

Področje javne uprave je bilo že od samega začetka zelo težko natančno razložiti. Praktično ni področja človeškega delovanja, v katerem javna uprava ne bi igrala pomembne vloge. Reforme javne uprave so v zadnjih nekaj letih zelo aktualna tema in zato jim posvečamo vedno več pozornosti. Magistrsko delo obravnava področje uspešnosti reform slovenske javne uprave in je usmerjeno predvsem v dileme oziroma kritike zastavljenih strategij. Vse reforme slovenske javne uprave se v zadnjih 20. letih lahko štejejo za uspešne v smislu metodološkega in tehničnega napredka. Napredovali smo pri racionalizaciji struktur in optimizaciji procesov. Manj se lahko pohvalimo v zvezi s spornimi postopki z vidika interesov na primeru lokalne samouprave ter sistema javnih uslužbencev in njihovih plač. Pri doseganju končnega cilja sem ugotovila, da se nekateri od zastavljenih ukrepov, ki so bili opredeljeni v strategijah, dejansko sploh niso realizirali. Glede zastavljenih strategij je precej kritik, izpostavljena je strategija razvoja slovenske javne uprave za obdobje 2015-2020, strategija e-uprave za obdobje 2006-2010 in strategija razvoja lokalne samouprave do leta 2020. Ugotovimo, da gre pri strategijah bolj za skupek dobrih želja oziroma povzetek prejšnjega stanja. Ni zastavljene nikakršne analize, ki bi bila podlaga za spremembe. Da bi zagotovili ustrezen razvoj in napredek na tem področju, bi bilo treba natančno opredeliti jasne ukrepe, ter celovito zastaviti strategije, in le tako lahko pričakujemo uspešen sistem reform. Za nadaljnji razvoj javne uprave bo bistveno, da se izvaja modernizacija na vseh področjih, predvsem tistih, ki so najbolj kritična. Večjo pozornost bo treba nameniti zastavljanju strategij razvoja javne uprave. ; To explain the public administration field in detail has always been a demanding task. In fact, the public administration has an imperative role in almost every area of human action. The public administration reforms are currently a very popular subject matter and thus more favored in receiving attention. In my (Master's) thesis I cover the field's successfulness of the public administration reforms and focus mainly on dilemmas or critics of the set strategies. All Slovenian public administration reforms that have been passed in the last 20 years can be accounted for very successful, not only in methodological, but also its technical sense. We have also improved at streamlining structures and optimizing processes. We are less successful in terms of disputable proceedings from the perspective of interests, for instance, local self-government, the public servants' system and their salaries. While reaching the final goal of my thesis I recognized that certain measures I set in strategies were not realized at all. As far as strategies are concerned, there are quite criticized - a specific stress is put on the strategy of the development of the Slovenian public administration in the periods from 2015 to 2020, the strategy of the e-management in the periods from 2006 to 2010 and the strategy of the development of the local self-government to the year 2020. I discover that strategies are more like a unit of good intentions or better to say synopsis of a previous condition. There is no specific analysis which would be the basis for changes. To secure an adequate development and progress in this field, it is imperative to take transparent measures and set strategies in their entireties. Only then can we expect a successful reform system. For further development of the public administration it is essential to modernize in all fields, particularly in those which are most critical. A more close attention will have to be put on setting up strategies for the development of the public administration.

Evropska unija je gospodarska in politična povezava 28. evropskih držav, ki svojim članicam omogoča ekonomsko sodelovanje, enotni trg in skupno institucionalno okolje. Nemčija je ena od ustanoviteljic te povezave, Slovenija spada med mlajše članice, Hrvaška pa se je Evropski uniji pridružila komaj leta 2013. Kljub nekaterim skupnim točkam pa obstaja med njimi mnogo razlik. Nemško gospodarstvo je razvitejše od slovenskega in hrvaškega, saj je bruto domači proizvod na prebivalca po pariteti kupne moči za leto 2012 v Nemčiji bil višji od evropskega povprečja za 23 %, v Sloveniji je bil za 18 % nižji od povprečja EU-28, hrvaški pa je zaostajal za evropskim povprečjem za kar 39 %. V tej raziskavi smo želeli ugotoviti, ali se omenjeni razvojni razkorak med Slovenijo in Nemčijo ter Hrvaško kaže skozi razmerja ravni cen storitev. V ta namen smo v tem delu primerjali cene 101 storitve med Slovenijo, Nemčijo in Hrvaško, ki smo jih razdelili v 10 skupin. Na podlagi izračunov smo prišli do naslednjih zaključkov: • Cene storitev so bile v Sloveniji v marcu in aprilu 2012 v povprečju za 30 % nižje kot v Nemčiji. Slovenski potrošnik je v povprečju za opazovano skupino storitev plačal le 70 % zneska, ki ga je plačal nemški potrošnik. • Primerjava cen storitev med Slovenijo in Hrvaško pokaže, da so bile v enakem opazovanem obdobju cene storitev v povprečju za 20 % višje kot na Hrvaškem. • Relativno najcenejša skupina storitev, ko primerjamo Slovenijo z Nemčijo, so obrtne storitve in popravila, relativno najdražja skupina storitev, ko primerjamo Slovenijo s Hrvaško, pa so komunalne storitve. • Obstaja večja stopnja podobnosti cen preučevanega vzorca storitev med Slovenijo in Hrvaško, kot pa med Slovenijo in Nemčijo. ; The European Union is an economic and political union of 28 European countries, which enables its members economic cooperation, single market and common institutional environment. Germany is one of the founders of the Union, Slovenia belongs to its younger members and Croatia joined to the European Union in the year 2013. Despite some common points, there are many differences among these member countries. German economy is more developed than Slovenian and Croatian, as the GDP per capita in PPS for the year 2012 in Germany was 23 % higher from the European average, in Slovenia it was 18 % lower than the average of the EU-28, and Croatia stayed behind the European average by 39 %. In this study, we wanted to determine whether the above mentioned development gap among Slovenia, Germany and Croatia shows through all levels of service prices. With this purpose this thesis compares the prices of 101 services in Slovenia, Germany and Croatia, which were divided into 10 groups. On the basis of calculations we came to the following conclusions: • In March and April 2012 in Slovenia the prices of services were 30 % lower on average than in Germany, thus the aggregate price level was 0.7. This means that the Slovenian consumer paid only 70 % of the amount for the same service as the German consumer did. • The comparison of prices between Slovenia and Croatia shows, that in the same observing period the prices in Slovenia were on average 20 % higher than in Croatia. • Comparing Slovenia and Germany the relatively cheapest group of services were the handcraft services and the services of repairs, the relatively most expensive group of services, when comparing Slovenia and Croatia are the utility services. • The level of price similarity of the observed groups of services is higher when comparing Slovenia and Croatia as in comparing Slovenia and Germany.

ParlaMint is a multilingual set of comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (after October 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, while the text version is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1388. The ParlaMint.ana linguistic annotation includes tokenization, sentence segmentation, lemmatisation, Universal Dependencies part-of-speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies, and the 4-class CoNLL-2003 named entities. Some corpora also have further linguistic annotations, such as PoS tagging or named entities according to language-specific schemes, with their corpus TEI headers giving further details on the annotation vocabularies and tools. The compressed files include the ParlaMint.ana XML TEI-encoded linguistically annotated corpus; the derived corpus in CoNLL-U with TSV speech metadata; and the vertical files (with registry file), suitable for use with CQP-based concordancers, such as CWB, noSketch Engine or KonText. Also included is the 2.0 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project.

ParlaMint 2.1 is a multilingual set of 17 comparable corpora containing parliamentary debates mostly starting in 2015 and extending to mid-2020, with each corpus being about 20 million words in size. The sessions in the corpora are marked as belonging to the COVID-19 period (from November 1st 2019), or being "reference" (before that date). The corpora have extensive metadata, including aspects of the parliament; the speakers (name, gender, MP status, party affiliation, party coalition/opposition); are structured into time-stamped terms, sessions and meetings; with speeches being marked by the speaker and their role (e.g. chair, regular speaker). The speeches also contain marked-up transcriber comments, such as gaps in the transcription, interruptions, applause, etc. Note that some corpora have further information, e.g. the year of birth of the speakers, links to their Wikipedia articles, their membership in various committees, etc. The corpora are encoded according to the Parla-CLARIN TEI recommendation (https://clarin-eric.github.io/parla-clarin/), but have been validated against the compatible, but much stricter ParlaMint schemas. This entry contains the linguistically marked-up version of the corpus, while the text version is available at http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1432. The ParlaMint.ana linguistic annotation includes tokenization, sentence segmentation, lemmatisation, Universal Dependencies part-of-speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies, and the 4-class CoNLL-2003 named entities. Some corpora also have further linguistic annotations, such as PoS tagging or named entities according to language-specific schemes, with their corpus TEI headers giving further details on the annotation vocabularies and tools. The compressed files include the ParlaMint.ana XML TEI-encoded linguistically annotated corpus; the derived corpus in CoNLL-U with TSV speech metadata; and the vertical files (with registry file), suitable for use with CQP-based concordancers, such as CWB, noSketch Engine or KonText. Also included is the 2.1 release of the data and scripts available at the GitHub repository of the ParlaMint project. As opposed to the previous version 2.0, this version corrects some errors in various corpora and adds the information on upper / lower house for bicameral parliaments. The vertical files have also been changed to make them easier to use in the concordancers.