Suchergebnisse

In this chapter the author reflects upon the Norwegian experience with school-based evaluation and tries to answer the question: Why is it so difficult to persuade teachers to do school-based evaluation? Part of his answer will be found in the different perspectives on evaluation seen from governmental and municipal level on the one side and ordinary teachers on the other. In many schools the author has studied, a common pattern was observed: Too much pressure to do school-based evaluation creates suspicion of a hidden agenda from above leading to lacking involvement in what should be an important part of school development. (DIPF/Orig./Ba.).

Investigates the nature & impact of state regulation on entry & integration of US immigrants. The author argues that the current debate on membership concerns access to both state & civil society. Starting with a review of the literature on state policies, migration, & integration, the author examines the effects of legislation such as CA's Proposition 187. He identifies three perspectives for scholarly examination of the state: its impact on migration & integration, its role as a self-interested actor, & its multifaceted nature. The article concludes with a discussion of the structure of US membership today, recent citizenship legislation, & topics for future study. 47 References. J. R. Callahan

Investigates the nature & impact of state regulation on entry & integration of US immigrants. The author argues that the current debate on membership concerns access to both state & civil society. Starting with a review of the literature on state policies, migration, & integration, the author examines the effects of legislation such as CA's Proposition 187. He identifies three perspectives for scholarly examination of the state: its impact on migration & integration, its role as a self-interested actor, & its multifaceted nature. The article concludes with a discussion of the structure of US membership today, recent citizenship legislation, & topics for future study. 47 References. J. R. Callahan

The author focuses on E. P. Thompson's The Poverty of Theory, especially Thompson's criticism of Louis Althusser. The author begins with a critique of Thompson's interpretation of the 18th-century English crowd & questions whether the crowd's moral economy was resistant to the assent of capitalist market relations as codified in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. He then demonstrates that Smith's legacy haunts Thompson's concept of the crowd. Finally, he looks at Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class, especially the connection between the early 18th-century food rioters & the more enlightened crowd of the 1790s. 46 References. A. Funderburg

Describes experiences gained as a researcher in the Carolina Longitudinal Study, a multimethod, annual assessment of aggression among two cohorts of 695 NC youth initially sampled in grades 4 & 7 & its relation to later problems in living. Theoretical & methodological shortcomings identified in earlier longitudinal studies are described, along with attempts to ameliorate these in the Carolina study; persistent types of "madness" that plague longitudinal research are identified. Stages & strategies in the research design, pilot testing, sample selection, & study initiation in 8 public elementary & middle schools in rural & suburban areas are recounted. Lessons learned about developmental research in general are summarized, along with some specific insights regarding & the dynamic & changing course of individual life trajectories as a function of larger social influences; implications for attempting to predict across generations are considered. 2 Appendixes, 22 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart

Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart

Examines the impact of an FBI & grand jury investigation into the whereabouts of Susan Saxe & Kathy Power -- two women who participated in a bank robbery in Brighton, MA, on 23 Sept 1970, in the name of the Revolutionary Action Force -- on different groups in Lexington, KY, drawing on 1986-1988 oral history interviews with 35+ people. It is shown that the FBI used heavy-handed tactics against 6 individuals in Lexington who were presumed to know the whereabouts of Saxe & Power, an excess that radicalized these individuals, & others who witnessed their treatment. It is suggested that for these white, largely middle-class individuals, this episode was a lesson in being perceived as the Other. Whatever their political activities, they came to understand their very identity as lesbian, gay, or feminist as a kind of radical statement against mainstream society. 22 References. D. Ryfe

In this paper, [the author offers] a review sketch of the past 12 years of [the] research on young people and community service. Much of this work was focused on learning more about the conditions that make service efficacious for young people's political and moral development. In the process of studying several youth in various kinds of service programs, [the author] also came to see that service is an opportunity for promoting identity development, meant in the sense of entering and adopting, however temporarily, a value-hearing historical tradition that gives meaning to young people's lives. This concept has become an interpretative framework for [the] understanding of service and its effects. (DIPF/orig.).

"The author analyses the tensions between authoritarian rulers and international actors in Central Asia. She identifies policy patterns used by the presidents in Central Asia with respect to their relations with international actors in order to maintain power. Regarding pre-emptive strategies focusing on arguments and measures employed by the present rulers against international actors, the author carefully studies their behaviour both towards George Soros' Open Society Institute (OSI) and the OSCE. She notes that, as the fear of a potential spread of 'coloured revolutions' seems to be growing, since the events in Uzbekistan in May 2005, Kazakhstan has also begun to restrict the activities of external non-governmental and international organizations." (author's abstract)

The author explores the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo with a focus on the role & sacrifices of the Congolese people. The conflict in the Congo has fueled stereotypes about Congo, that it is the "heart of darkness" & "trigger of Africa" characterized by tribal conflict, dictatorship, & social cannibalism. While the atrocities that fuel these stereotypes cannot be downplayed, the strength of the Congolese people should be acknowledged. After briefly reviewing the failed state model of conflict analysis, the author addresses the national identity of the Congolese, their belief in the importance of a unified state, & their struggle to ensure survival, both physical & collective, & improve their well being.

The author discusses the development of US policy towards Latin America. US policy has always been driven by three concerns; the pressure of domestic politics, the promotion of US economic growth & well-being, & the protection of US security. The latter concern is the focus of this paper. The author addresses the evolution of US policy from the 19th century to the present, exploring the significance of the Monroe Doctrine, Cold War military alliances, & the supposed security concerns posed by drug trafficking & illegal immigration. The discussion concludes with an analysis of the most important issues in current US-Latin American relations, the travel & trade embargos against Cuba & the continuing conflict in Columbia. J. Harwell

The argument is presented that the increasing awareness of the tension between international trade/globalization & environmental protection will only improve with the co-evolution of ecological knowledge & reform of national & international institutions. The author supports the argument by analysis of three topics that include epistemological tensions between key trade & environment norms, the relationship between trade, ecology & intellectual property rights in relation to the TRIPS agreement & geographical indications, & the importance of shared national experience & ecological knowledge for institutional innovation & integrative responsibility at the international level. The author advocates continued experiments between institutions in spite of the current lack of intellectual & political leadership needed to guide dialogue between the national & international communities. References. J. Harwell

The author considers the definition of an intellectual, noting that at present it has a decidedly negative air to it, designating someone who is at once negative & antagonistic to the society of which s/he strives to stand apart. There is a more charitable sense of the public intellectual as someone who takes up topics of importance to the public at large & believes that accessible & clear communication is as important as analytic rigor. This emphasis on clarity of thought as well as communication has its roots in the first years of the American republic, the author argues, although the role & importance of the public intellectual has changed over time. D. Knaff

The author poses the question of whether or not cities can establish a sustainable relationship with the planet. Asserting that the historical evolution of large cities & the questions of waste generation, soil exhaustion & redistribution of resources indicates the need for a new look at urban system functions & ecological footprint, the author offers the solution that cities need to mimic natural ecosystems. A case study of the metabolism of London indicates the need to conceptualize the city as super-organism that is a circular metabolism that results in mutual benefit. A new definition of a sustainable city is presented that would be inclusive of alternative fuels. References. J. Harwell