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Located in a geopolitically precarious region, Lithuania has, throughout its history, experienced severe security challenges, some followed by long periods of occupation. This history has impacted how Lithuania has defined its security interests, seeing the state – and sovereignty, specifically – as the main referent object. Article 5 of the Washington Treaty has helped ensure the defence of the Lithuanian state from major external threats since 2004, but its sufficiency has come under question after Russia annexed Crimea and discussion ensued over NATO's willingness and ability to defend the Baltic states. Lithuanian security documents note that a conventional attack by Russia is one of the most dangerous hypotheticals. Although such an attack is improbable, the dangers remain great because of the severe military balance facing local NATO forces in the Baltic Sea Region. Nevertheless, the eFP deployment, decided at the 2016 Warsaw Summit, improves Lithuanian security. Even the usually reserved former Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė admitted that, in Lithuania's case, for the "first time after our accession to NATO, we have guaranteed serious and long-term military commitments". But, from a purely military perspective, the asymmetry between Russia and NATO is still a problem.

Located in a geopolitically precarious region, Lithuania has, throughout its history, experienced severe security challenges, some followed by long periods of occupation. This history has impacted how Lithuania has defined its security interests, seeing the state – and sovereignty, specifically – as the main referent object. Article 5 of the Washington Treaty has helped ensure the defence of the Lithuanian state from major external threats since 2004, but its sufficiency has come under question after Russia annexed Crimea and discussion ensued over NATO's willingness and ability to defend the Baltic states. Lithuanian security documents note that a conventional attack by Russia is one of the most dangerous hypotheticals. Although such an attack is improbable, the dangers remain great because of the severe military balance facing local NATO forces in the Baltic Sea Region. Nevertheless, the eFP deployment, decided at the 2016 Warsaw Summit, improves Lithuanian security. Even the usually reserved former Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė admitted that, in Lithuania's case, for the "first time after our accession to NATO, we have guaranteed serious and long-term military commitments". But, from a purely military perspective, the asymmetry between Russia and NATO is still a problem.

Located in a geopolitically precarious region, Lithuania has, throughout its history, experienced severe security challenges, some followed by long periods of occupation. This history has impacted how Lithuania has defined its security interests, seeing the state – and sovereignty, specifically – as the main referent object. Article 5 of the Washington Treaty has helped ensure the defence of the Lithuanian state from major external threats since 2004, but its sufficiency has come under question after Russia annexed Crimea and discussion ensued over NATO's willingness and ability to defend the Baltic states. Lithuanian security documents note that a conventional attack by Russia is one of the most dangerous hypotheticals. Although such an attack is improbable, the dangers remain great because of the severe military balance facing local NATO forces in the Baltic Sea Region. Nevertheless, the eFP deployment, decided at the 2016 Warsaw Summit, improves Lithuanian security. Even the usually reserved former Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė admitted that, in Lithuania's case, for the "first time after our accession to NATO, we have guaranteed serious and long-term military commitments". But, from a purely military perspective, the asymmetry between Russia and NATO is still a problem.

Located in a geopolitically precarious region, Lithuania has, throughout its history, experienced severe security challenges, some followed by long periods of occupation. This history has impacted how Lithuania has defined its security interests, seeing the state – and sovereignty, specifically – as the main referent object. Article 5 of the Washington Treaty has helped ensure the defence of the Lithuanian state from major external threats since 2004, but its sufficiency has come under question after Russia annexed Crimea and discussion ensued over NATO's willingness and ability to defend the Baltic states. Lithuanian security documents note that a conventional attack by Russia is one of the most dangerous hypotheticals. Although such an attack is improbable, the dangers remain great because of the severe military balance facing local NATO forces in the Baltic Sea Region. Nevertheless, the eFP deployment, decided at the 2016 Warsaw Summit, improves Lithuanian security. Even the usually reserved former Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė admitted that, in Lithuania's case, for the "first time after our accession to NATO, we have guaranteed serious and long-term military commitments". But, from a purely military perspective, the asymmetry between Russia and NATO is still a problem.

Cet article examine l'engagement modéré des États baltes envers la PSDC et vise à révéler les raisons de ce phénomène. Il fait également valoir que la position des États baltes à l'égard des innovations européennes en matière de défense a légèrement changé et est devenue plus pragmatique depuis 2016. Enfin, il conclut que ce changement positif reste fragile et pourrait même s'inverser sous l'influence de trois facteurs : si les réformes de la défense européenne s'enlisent, si l'UE renoue avec la Russie, ou bien en cas de montée des tensions transatlantiques.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolu¬tion of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolution of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolu¬tion of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolution of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolu¬tion of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolu¬tion of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolution of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.

A need for multi-dimensional effective institutional structure possessing various security instruments, have become obvious already by the end of the Cold war and is manifested itself even stronger at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover globalization of the security concept makes it clear that security cannot be complete if it is not tackled globally. Aiming to react to changing security environment international security institutions during the last decade are undergoing essential changes, related to their missions, tasks, structures and instruments. Demand for small special forces, which possess the most advanced technologies, modern air force and efficient intelligence capabilities emerged. That stipulated changes in armed forces and armory. NATO and the EU in the beginning of the XXI century have committed themselves for a new mission - to guarantee security and stability in the World. The main purpose of this article is to overview major steps of NATO and the EU transformation aiming to respond to the contemporary security challenges, to present an analysis of possible evolution of their new instruments NATO Response Force (NRF) and European Rapio Reaction Force (ERRP), to elucidate possible roles and interdependency of NRF and ERRF in the contemporary security architecture, and, finally to contemplate on the possible effects of both forces on international security.