Suchergebnisse

В статье анализируются изменения, внесенные в Федеральный конституционный закон «Об Уполномоченном по правам человека в Российской Федерации» с момента его принятия в 1997 г. по январь 2015 г., свидетельствующие о постоянном развитии и совершенствовании конституционного законодательства России о правах и свободах ее граждан. ; The Federal constitutional law №1-FKZ "On the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation" 26.02.1997 was adopted by the State Duma 12.12.1996 and approved by the Federation Council 12.02.1997. The essential changes in the society and legal system of Russia over the past period resulted in the amendments to the above law. The first amendment was introduced by the Federal constitutional law №4-FKZ of 16.10.2006 "On introducing amendments to Article 32 of the Federal constitutional law "On the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation" and enabled the Ombudsman to appeal to the State Duma with the proposal to establish a parliamentary commission for the investigation of gross violations of human rights, to participate in the work of this commission and to examine the results of its work at the meeting of the State Duma and Federation Council. The second amendment was introduced by the Federal constitutional law№3-FKZ of 10.06.2008 "On introducing amendments to the Federal constitutional law "On the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation". Thus, Chapter III of the law was supplemented by Article 36.1 which created a legal basis for the cooperation of the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation with the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation and public monitoring commissions in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The third amendment introduced by the Federal constitutional law №8-FKZ "On the amendments to separate federal constitutional laws in relation to the development of the activities of preliminary investigation bodies" was connected with the enlargement of the scope of subjects (the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation being among them now) to which the federal Human rights ombudsman sends the annual report on the results of his activity. The fourth amendment to the law above is connected with the changes in the court system and in the Constitution of the Russian Federation: the abolition of the Highest Arbitration Court. This change was introduced by the federal constitutional law №5 FKZ of 12.03.2014. In January 2015 the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin initiated in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly the draft Federal constitutional law on changes into the Federal constitutional law№1-FKZ of 26.02.1997 "On the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation" and the draft Federal law "On introduction of amendments to separate legislative acts of the Russian Federation for the development of activity of the Human rights ombudsman". The President of the RF stressed in the explanatory notes that the above draft laws were aimed at the development of activities of both the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation and the Human rights ombudsmen in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

В данной статье на основе большого статистического материала и новейших изменений в законодательстве России автором анализируется деятельность нотариата в Российской Федерации в целом и в Сибирском федеральном округе в частности по защите конституционных прав граждан и юридических лиц. В последнее время немалое внимание в нашей стране уделяется проблеме внедрения и функционирования информационно-коммуникационных технологий, как одному из средств обеспечения прав граждан, позволяющему минимизировать временные и материальные затраты на реализацию прав. Принципиально новый подход нотариусов к работе с электронными документами официально узаконен. Реализация государственной политики в этой области возложена на Министерство юстиции Российской Федерации. С 1 января 2015 г. в Основы о нотариате внесены значительные изменения, в том числе расширены полномочия территориальных органов Минюста России и нотариальных палат субъектов РФ в области контроля за нотариусами, установлены дополнительные требования для лиц, претендующих на должность нотариуса, порядок взаимодействия с органами местного самоуправления по регистрации и учету совершаемых ими нотариальных действий. ; The paper examined operation of notaries (in Russian Federation generally and in the Siberian Federal District, in particular) with the review of large statistics data and the latest amendments to the legislation of Russia, in order to protect the constitutional rights of private citizens and legal entities. In the recent years, considerable attention in our country has been given to the issue of implementing CAT (computer-assisted techniques) and communications and their proper operation, as a means to ensure the citizens' rights that enables their minimizing the time and material costs for exercising their rights. The country formally legalized a landmark approach that the notaries are expected to apply in working with electronic documents. Implementing the State policy in this domain shall be entrusted to the Russian Federation Ministry of Justice. From January 1 st, 2015 significant amendments were made to the "Basics of Notary Operation", in particular, the Russian Ministry of Justice has increased powers for their regional bodies and for the notary chambers in the RF constituent regions in the field of surveillance over the notaries, and established additional requirements for people aspiring to a position of notary, and procedures of interacting with the local self-rule bodies concerning the records taking and filing the data on the completed notary operations.

Зарождение идеи прав человека в V‒VI вв. до н.э. в древних полисах, появление принципа гражданства стали крупным шагом на пути движения человечества к свободе и прогрессу. Идею и практику свободы и прав человека дала миру наиболее известная из всех древних цивилизаций ‒ Афины в представлениях Гераклита, Демокрита, Протагора, Антифонта, Сократа, Платона, Аристотеля, Эпикура и др. Древнегреческие представления о правах человека сформировались в общем русле мифологических взглядов о том, что полис, или город-государство, и его законы имеют божественное происхождение, они опираются на божественную справедливость. Дальней-шее развитие социально-философских и политико-правовых представлений о правах человека в Древней Греции происходило в поисках и обосновании, наряду с божественным происхождением, объективных естественно-правовых основ существования полиса, его за-конов и социального бытия людей. Естественно-правовые идеи древнегреческих мыслителей о свободе и равенстве всех людей получили дальнейшее развитие в Древнем Риме, прежде всего в философско-правовых воззрениях стоиков Сенеки, Марка Аврелия, а также древнеримского мыслителя, философа и оратора Цицерона. В их учении о правах человека естественно-правовая идея свободы и равенства всех людей была выведена за узкополисные и этнические рамки и распространена на всех представителей человеческого рода как сограждан единого космополитического государства. По итогам проведенного исследования автор отмечает, что античные мыслители, виднейшие представители философской, правовой и политической мысли того времени заложили основы учения о правах человека, получившего затем дальнейшее развитие в воззрениях средневековых представителей, и особенно во взглядах авторов либерального мировоззрения Нового времени. Эпоха английского и американского просвещения, французской буржуазно-демократической революции стала новой важной вехой, новой ступенью в теоретическом развитии и практической реализации многовековых чаяний чело-века о своих правах, о свободе и равенстве всех людей на земле. ; Emergence of the idea of human rights in V— VI centu-ries BC in ancient policies and emergence of the prin-ciple of citizenship became a major step on the way of humanity towards freedom and progress. The idea and practice of freedom and human rights was given to the world by the most famous of all ancient civilizations — Athens in the views of Heraclitus, Democritus, Protago-ras, Antiphont, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, etc. Ancient Greek ideas about human rights formed as a part of mythological views that the polis or the city-state and its laws are of divine origin and are based on divine justice. Further development of socio-philosophical and political-legal concepts of human rights in Ancient Greece occurred in search and sub-stantiation, along with the divine origin, of objective natural-legal basis for the existence of the polis, its laws and social existence of people. Natural-legal ideas of ancient Greek thinkers about freedom and equality of all human beings further developed in Ancient Rome, and especially in the philosophical and legal views of the Stoics Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, and Cicero, the ancient Roman thinker, philosopher and orator. In their teaching on human rights, the natural-legal idea of freedom and equality was extended beyond the narrow polis and ethnic framework and was expanded to all members of the humankind as fellow citizens of a sin-gle cosmopolitan state. According to the results of the conducted research, the author notes that the ancient thinkers, prominent representatives of philosophical, legal, and political thought of that time laid the founda-tions of the doctrine of human rights, which was further developed in the medieval beliefs of medieval repre-sentatives, especially in the views of the authors of the liberal world outlook of the New times. The English and American Age of Enlightenment, French bourgeois-democratic revolution have become a new important milestone and a new stage in theoretical development and practical realization of the centuries-old aspirations of people about their rights, freedom and equality of all people on the Earth.

В данной статье на основе большого статистического материала и новейших изменений в законодательстве России автором анализируется деятельность нотариата в Российской Федерации в целом и в Сибирском федеральном округе в частности по защите конституционных прав граждан и юридических лиц. В последнее время немалое внимание в нашей стране уделяется проблеме внедрения и функционирования информационно-коммуникационных технологий, как одному из средств обеспечения прав граждан, позволяющему минимизировать временные и материальные затраты на реализацию прав. Принципиально новый подход нотариусов к работе с электронными документами официально узаконен. Реализация государственной политики в этой области возложена на Министерство юстиции Российской Федерации. С 1 января 2015 г. в Основы о нотариате внесены значительные изменения, в том числе расширены полномочия территориальных органов Минюста России и нотариальных палат субъектов РФ в области контроля за нотариусами, установлены дополнительные требования для лиц, претендующих на должность нотариуса, порядок взаимодействия с органами местного самоуправления по регистрации и учету совершаемых ими нотариальных действий. ; The paper examined operation of notaries (in Russian Federation generally and in the Siberian Federal District, in particular) with the review of large statistics data and the latest amendments to the legislation of Russia, in order to protect the constitutional rights of private citizens and legal entities. In the recent years, considerable attention in our country has been given to the issue of implementing CAT (computer-assisted techniques) and communications and their proper operation, as a means to ensure the citizens' rights that enables their minimizing the time and material costs for exercising their rights. The country formally legalized a landmark approach that the notaries are expected to apply in working with electronic documents. Implementing the State policy in this domain shall be entrusted to the Russian Federation Ministry of Justice. From January 1 st, 2015 significant amendments were made to the "Basics of Notary Operation", in particular, the Russian Ministry of Justice has increased powers for their regional bodies and for the notary chambers in the RF constituent regions in the field of surveillance over the notaries, and established additional requirements for people aspiring to a position of notary, and procedures of interacting with the local self-rule bodies concerning the records taking and filing the data on the completed notary operations.

В статье на основе анализа большого фактического материала рассматривается генетическая взаимосвязь нового для политической системы современной России элемента института уполномоченных по правам человека с законодательными и исполнительными органами государственной власти. Этот институт, возникший в Российской Федерации чуть более полутора десятилетий назад, в последнее время стал играть важную роль во взаимодействии государства и гражданского общества, в защите прав российских граждан. ; In this article, based on analysis of a large factual material, the genetic relationship of the new element of political system of modern Russia Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights with legislative authorities and executive bodies of State authority is considered. This institution, which appeared in the Russian Federation just over one and a half decades ago, began to play an important role in the interaction of state and civil society and in protecting the rights of Russian citizens in the recent years.

Статья посвящена исследованию научного и образовательного уровня уполномоченных по правам человека в Российской Федерации и ее субъектах нового для российской политической системы государственного правозащитного института. На основе большого фактического материала автор проводит социально-философский анализ научно-педагогического потенциала этого института, его влияние на образовательный процесс и правовое просвещение в целом, на подготовку научных кадров и научное осмысление современного этапа развития российского общества. ; The article covers the research of academic and educational standards of Ombudsman for human rights a new human rights institution for Russian political system. On the basis of vast evidence, a social and philosophic analysis is carrying out of the scientific and pedagogical potential of this institution, its influence on educationm and legal education on the whole, on training scientific personnel and on scientific comprehension of the present day Russian society.

Анализируются некоторые причинно-следственные связи правового нигилизма в правосознании российских граждан с фактами нарушений прав человека органами государственной власти и пути влияния на них нового для политической системы российского общества государственного правозащитного механизма института уполномоченных по правам человека. ; An analysis of some cause-and-effect relations between nihilism in the Russian citizens" le-gal conscience and violations of human rights committed by authorities, and as well as the way the state human rights procedure (Commissioners for human rights), new for the political system of the Russian society, can influence them.

В статье рассматривается процесс зарождения в нашей стране института уполномоченных по правам человека как на федеральном уровне, так и на уровне субъектов России. Основными методами исследования являются диалектический метод рассмотрения и анализа явлений в их взаимосвязи и развитии, а также исторический метод. Результаты исследования на основе значительного фактического материала свидетельствуют о том, что за первые десять лет существования нового для новейшей истории России государственного правозащитного механизма института уполномоченных по правам человека, с 1994 по 2004 год, он возник в 29 субъектах Российской Федерации. Областью применения полученных результатов является как теоретическое обобщение, так и практическая реализация процесса дальнейшего становления и развития данного института. По результатам исследования можно сделать вывод о значительной востребованности института региональных уполномоченных по правам человека в политической и правовой системе современного российского общества и необратимости демократических преобразований в России. ; The paper discusses the process of emergence of the institute for Human Rights Commissioners in Russia at both the federal level and at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main methods of research are the dialectical method of review and analysis of the phenomena in their interconnection and development, as well as the historical method. The results of the study of substantial factual evidence revealed that during the first ten years (1994 2004) of the existence of the state mechanism for human rights the institution of Commissioners for Human Rights, which was new to the modern Russian history it appeared in 29 subjects of the Russian Federation. The field of application of the results is the theoretical generalization and practical implementation of the further process of formation and development of this institution. Basing on the study results, the author comes to conclusions about the considerable demand for the Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights in the political and legal system of a modern Russian society and the irreversibility of democratic reforms in Russia.

В статье на основе анализа генезиса «поколений» прав человека в истории философской мысли выявляются некоторые проблемы теоретического обоснования и практической реализации гендерной стратегии, как в мире, так и в Российской Федерации на современном этапе, рассматриваются отдельные аспекты деятельности государства в предотвращении дискриминации по половому признаку. ; As a rule, four generations of human rights are allocated nowadays. Traditionally it is admitted that the first generation of human rights is civil and political rights as well, won as a result of bourgeois revolutions in Europe and America. The second generation is social and economic human rights as well. It was composed in the XIX century during the fight for improvement of an economic situation. The third generation of human rights began to be formed after World War II. According to many researchers, they are considered as collective rights. This right is the right for the world, for national self-determination, for healthy environment, for freedom from a gender, age or nationality discrimination. Women's rights are also among human rights of the third generation. The fourth generation of human rights started to be formed in the 1990th years of the XX century. This right is the right for the world, for nuclear safety, space, ecological, information rights, etc. The problems of gender equality and fight for the women's rights against gender discrimination always accompanied the history of human society, and the doctrine development about human rights. However, nowadays this problem is very sharp. Social discrimination of women means restriction or deprivation of their rights in all spheres of life: labor, social and economic, political, spiritual, family and household. The UN convention "About elimination of all forms of discrimination concerning women" (1979) accurately formulated a principle of men and women equality. These are guarantees of conditions for women: the education, equal payment for equal work, mutual responsibility of men and women for a family, education of children, and understanding of motherhood as social function. These provisions are reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Acceptance of gender strategy as the direction of a state policy is caused by the necessity to solve difficult social and economic problems of a transition period in Russia that is connected with activization of all social forces, first of all women. It means inevitability of further increase of their role in society. The Gender Strategy of the Russian Federation is the fundamental document defining the government gender policy, its purposes, tasks and the principles, the directions and priorities for the average and long-term period. The Strategy is directed on coordination of efforts of legislative and executive power government bodies with all structures of civil society and, in particular, with the non-governmental organizations which activity is connected with implementation of social programs, prevention of gender discrimination, protection of human rights and families, motherhood, paternity and the childhood. Unfortunately, practical realization of gender strategy in Russia does not fully correspond to the theoretical provisions proclaimed in it. Therefore, in Russia women make more than a half of the population of the country. Nevertheless, they are obviously insufficiently presented in the government bodies. For example, the State Duma of the Russian Federation has only 13,6 % of women and the Russian Federation Council has only 8,4 % of women. Representation of women in government bodies is much better in Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights. The analysis shows that today the representation of women in Institute of Commissioners for Human Rights is rather high (more than 25 %) and it characterizes this institute as an example for imitation for other governmental bodies in Russia. At the same time, formation process of this important state human rights institute demands a further increase in women's representation and implementation of gender equality, but in our opinion, not due to artificial processing, but due to increase of women's activity in a human rights movement as a whole.

Статья исследует образовательный и научный уровень нового для России государственного правозащитного института уполномоченного по правам человека (на федеральном и региональном уровнях). Располагая богатым эмпирическим материалом, авторы проводят культурологический анализ возможностей данного института в плане научно-педагогической деятельности, подготовки научных кадров, правового просвещения населения; выделяют вклад уполномоченных по правам человека в научно-теоретический дискурс современной России. ; Modernization of modem Russian education is aimed at quality changes in person's consciousness as an active subject. The new concept of the higher education proceeds from development of spiritual and creative person's potential with moral responsibility for the actions. There is a necessity to consider sociocultural aspects of its reforming more thoroughly in the occurring changes. Creation of the constitutional state and civil society depends on level of the civic educational system and education in the field of the human rights and freedom, protection forms and methods. On May 4 2011, President of Russia approved "Bases of a state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of legal literacy and civic consciousness development of citizens." This document is aimed at formation of high level of citizens' legal culture, respect for the law, court, decency and integrity as prevailing model of social behavior, and at overcoming the legal nihilism in society which obstructs development of Russia as the modern civilized state. Federal and regional government bodies, local governments, professional legal communities and public associations of lawyers, and other institutions must participate in realization of this policy as well. It points to the necessity of development of civic education system in the country. Civic education is the public and state, socially oriented system of lifelong education, directed on formation of civil competence, democratic culture, fulfillment of the demands in socialization of a person's interest, civil society and state of law. Regional Commissioners for Human Rights participate in formation of civic education in Russia, in 76 out of 83 regions of the Russian Federation where they act already. Improvement of the legislation and civic education are the most important activities of the institution of the Commissioners for Human Rights, besides restitution of the citizens rights violation. Their educational and scientific level, participation both in pedagogical process of higher educational institutions, and in training the scientific staff and formation of scientific image of present development of the Russian society, have a great significance for work on legislation improvement in the sphere of human rights, and for work on civic education, scientific and pedagogical activity of Commissioners. The analysis of educational and scientific level of the institution of Commissioners for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, their practical scientific and pedagogical activities provided in the article, consider high scientific and pedagogical potential, considerable opportunities and real participation in legal education, educational process of universities, and serious scientific contribution to theoretical development on modern Russian society's problems.

В статье анализируется процесс реализации принципа гендерного равенства в современном российском обществе, его истоки, а также борьба женщин за равные права с мужчинами в экономике, совершенствовании законодательства и политической жизни. ; The article analyses processes of gender equality in the modern Russian society, its origins and women' s struggle for equal rights in economics, perfection of legislation and in political life.