Suchergebnisse

Розглянуто історію та досвід організації правового виховання в системі середньої освіти Німеччини. Показано специфіку концептуальних засад, а також особливості правового виховання в Німеччині. Проаналізовано основні правові цінності та шляхи їх формування. Зроблено висновок про взаємопов'язаність громадянського, правового та соціального виховання у системі середньої освіти Німеччини. Рассмотрены история и опыт организации правового воспитания в системе среднего образования Германии. Показана специфика концептуальных основ, а также особенности правового воспитания в Германии. Проанализированы основные правовые ценности и пути их формирования. Делается вывод о взаимосвязи гражданского, правового и социального воспитания в системе среднего образования Германии. ; The history and experience of legal education in secondary education in Germany. It is shown that in the process of legal education FRG uses the full range of actions of the subjects of legal education (family, preschool education, school education, higher education, public and religious organizations, etc.) to ensure effective influence on all social and demographic of the population. School education is one of the most significant elements of the system of legal education. Legal education in German society did not include a separate area, and is an integral component of civil, legal and social education. The main objective of the educational work in secondary school e development of civic identity. The current system of legal education in Germany due to a focus on respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, and to overcome socio-demographic and political problems in the development of society. The undisputed in the country considered the fact that any education is based on the belief in accepted in society values and ideals. In addressing issues of legal education society places great hopes in school. Legal education is always associated with a moral. Moral norms require citizen not only the rule of law, but also the transformation of legal values in inner conviction and habit, orient it to the ideal model of social behavior. The main legal values in the German school system include: tolerance to others' views; honesty and objectivity; combating evil (intransigence to unlawful acts and violence, upholding justice, integrity, criticism of shortcomings); protection of human rights and freedoms, duties to others; the desire for social harmony; respect for law and authority, government and legal institutions; respect for national values of other nations; discipline, diligent and responsible attitude to the assigned work. It is concluded that the experience of formation of legal consciousness of students in Germany, education citizens are extremely valuable, and its study can make a great contribution to the development of the theory and the practice of education of students in our country. Studying the experience of legal education in Germany can also stated that Ukrainian education system needs reform upwards training hours for in-depth study of law, thus increasing the overall level of legal education of the younger generation.

Розкривається роль місцевих органів влади та органів місцевого самоврядування в забезпеченні основоположних прав і свобод громадян України. Визначаються основні напрями вдосконалення роботи цих інститутів у забезпеченні прав і свобод громадян. Раскрывается роль местных органов власти и органов местного самоуправления в обеспечении основоположных прав и свобод граждан Украины. Определяются основные направления совершенствования работы этих институтов в обеспечении прав и свобод граждан. ; The role of local authorities and organs of local self-government opens up in providing of fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine. Basic directions of improvement of work of these institutes are determined in providing of rights and freedoms of citizens. It is underlined that on the today's stage of development of humanity the problem of providing of fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen gets global character. She touches not only all levels of state power and association of citizens in a middle a country but also it goes beyond their limits, spreading to the international, planetary level. At the same time, the effective providing of rights and vital interests of citizens is impossible on condition of responsibility only from the side of the state. Citizens also must independently get organized for the sake of defence of law in force and own rights. The typical example of similar organizations are national, regional and local public organizations and organs of local self-government. However their activity must not duplicate the actions of public authorities, but serve as an additional mechanism, that assists realization of the normatively vested rights and freedoms of citizens from one side, and from other is an original counterbalance to the imperious mechanism, in this case independent organizations of citizens must resist to the possible self-will from the side of imperious subjects and public servants. Investigating this range of problems, it follows separately to examine the organs of local self-government and local public authorities, because the first are the independent, non-state, apolitical associations of citizens within the limits of certain territory, with the aim of assistance to certain vitally important interests and necessities of citizens that live on this territory. In turn, local public authorities it the structural administrative elements of central (national) legitimate state government bodies are certain, so a district area of militia is an element that is included in such national system, as Ministry of internal affairs. Local self-government, that in accordance with the articles of a 140-145 Constitution of Ukraine is one of forms of participation of citizens in a government is a form of local association of territorial society (habitants of village, city or voluntarily association of habitants of a few settlements, territorial-administrative units). Local self-government can independently decide the internal questions of local value in limits and in accordance with Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Local self-government is the most effective mechanism of inhibition of central state power, method of defending of interests of certain territorial association of citizens. In this case members of the certain community, created on territorial principle realize itself not only as a citizen of Ukraine but also habitant of certain settlement, district. A grant of wide state-imperious latitudes to the organs of local selfgovernment is one of key signs of the democratic, right state with the developed civil society.