Adopted in 2012 Conception of Migration Policy up to 2025 as one of the directions of its activity pointed to promoting transmigration of foreign workers to their permanent place of residence. This article dwells on the issues connected with the fact that labor migration that had been viewed until recently as a temporary phenomenon is becoming a regular process which leads to rethinking the role of subjects of labor relations in the questions connected with regulation of labor migration in the nearest future. Political Participation
Employing the technique of discourse analysis and John B.Thompson typology of ideological domination strategies A.Morgunova examines by what ideological attitudes and rhetoric strategies the Presidents of the two nations, heads of super-presidential regimes, support in their public speeches in 2000—2010 the patterns of relationships between the state and society that have been shaped during their Presidential terms. The analysis is made of the Presidents' beliefs about social and political systems of their countries, about wealth and poverty, the future and the present, the role of the West, the policy of the State, as well as about what and who hampers pursuing this policy («the legacy of the 1990-s», «oligarchs», «officials»). Similarities and differences in addressing and argumentation of the Presidents' discourses, changes in their rhetoric strategies with time are traced.
The author scru tinizes a great amou nt of statistical and sociological data, publications in mass media, participant observations and other sour ces on the cou ntry government policy in the sphere of employment, labor market (including public wor k), on the ro le and situation of trade unions, the dynamics of unemployment and migration, population dispositions in connection with prices increase, fears of loo sing a job place, families' impoverishment (unemployment in the cou ntry being registered not by the findings of regular hou seholds sur veys but by the num ber of citizens officially registered in Centers of Employment). A.Mor gunova describes the established system of employment or ganization and contro l in Belaru s as a «corru ptive deal» (a term intro duced by Yu.Levada) and views it as an attempt to preserve by paternalistic methods the administrative comm omm anding system of planning and redistribution left over from rom the Soviet times. The present system allows in a shor t time perspective to smoo th over negative social phenom om ena, keep up the established form s of the state and society interaction. At the same time, in public rhetor ic it imitates the dialogue of responsible figur es, the suppor t of «initiatives from rom below» while actually increasingly taking these initiatives (shaping social networ ks, etc.) under bur eaucratic contro l. Under such conditions enterprises and employees are for ced to adapt themselves to the suggested patterns of behavior actually being devoid of possibility to influence the officials' decisions. The system of governmental bodies on labor and employment, especially Centers of Employment, appear to be the hostages of the existing situation, that is, over-centralization of contro l and regulation «from rom above». Two mor e articles of the issue deal with social pro blems engendered by world economic crisis.
In the paper the question is raised what processes in the Russian policy and in society hamper making migration an urgent issue as an important social process, prevent the theme of migration from going out into public sphere. The migration policy in Russia, its reflection in legislation, at political level, in culture (in literature, cinema, TV) and in public opinion are examined. The author comes to a conclusion that the issue of migration just starts going out into public space in Russia. The author considers the following reasons for this issue almost not being discussed in public: vague governmental policy concerning migrants, great difficulties in coordinating and implementing united migration policy by various agencies, immediate profits of politicians who use the issue of migration first of all as a threat to the Russian society, culture, mentality, etc.; obstacles to appearance in public sphere of migrants, their interests, values and opinions and as a result of this their problems remain merely theirs or only narrow group of experts are aware of them who are underrepresented in open public discussions and mass media.
