Suchergebnisse

В статье поднимаются проблемы взаимосвязи национальной идеи и государственной идеологии. С этих позиций уточнены определения понятий «национальная идея», «национальный идеал», «государственная идеология» и описаны три принципиально различные исторические модели государственной идеологии в России допетровского, имперского и советского периодов. При рассмотрении комплекса проблем, связанных с формированием национальных идеалов в современный период особое внимание уделяется сфере образования и воспитания. ; Recently, we have seen a marked increase in interest of social scientists, journalists, politicians and the broad group of Russian citizens to searching and justification of the national idea and state ideology. These two interrelated concepts are the subjects of my research, for analyzing which I use comparative, historical, structural and functional, and system methods. For my research goals, I suggest a few definitions. I define national idea as a 'single' essence of a particular nation and its government in this historic development context. Under such approach, national ideal is formulated as a perfect image of the future of this nation and its state, which crystallizes universal and specific national characteristics, features, quality and the most perfect rational unit of civil and political life. Finally, I define state ideology as a prescribed system of postulates, rules, values, united by the key idea, which gives a very clear understanding to the majority of citizens about the existence of Russia and justification of geopolitical, economic reasons, the determinants of the Russian state unity within the present territory of the real historical context. I distinguish three fundamentally distinct models of state ideology in Russian political history. In the period before Peter the Great, there was the specific ideology of the feudal-monarchist-communal state with idea of the organic unity of the Orthodox religion, and way of life of the local agro-production process. In an empire era, ideology of centralized autocratic states, which based on the idea of an organic combination of national Orthodox monarchism (authoritarianism) and local democracy dominated. Ideology of the Soviet Union I define as pseudo-communist etatistic state aimed at centralized mass non-economic forcing to accelerated realization of certain (primarily economic) models of ideal social order. I suppose deep essence of the modern stage it is a hidden support of the political elite in Russia etatistic idea of formation the economy by strengthening the state base in terms of conservation in public and on the mental levels of the key features of the Soviet system. One of the main conclusions of my article is following: throughout the history of the Russian state, ideology played the role of one of 'braces' for Russian huge and multi-layer state space. However, today there is not really any new idea, which expresses the essence of nation in Russian society in the modern conditions. State-construction goals require the development of such idea, and the necessary condition for this is organic combination of ideological construction and the actual state of the state and society, because the actual working state strategy reflects the actually existing in this society interests and values. I also formulate another important conclusion: the need for a radical strengthening of the educational component in the Russian education system because now its place is occupied by foreign actors through its educational programs being implemented in the consciousness of the Russian youth western values and attitudes that undermine trust and love for the Fatherland.

В статье представлен краткий обзор работ, защищённых в диссертационном совете Д 501.002.14 (Философский факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова) по трем политологическим специальностям теория политики, история и методология политической науки (23.00.01), политические институты и процессы (23.00.02) и политическая психология (19.00.12) на протяжении всей истории существования совета. На примере наиболее интересных диссертационных исследований показан вклад, вносимый их авторами в развитие современной политической науки. ; Issertation Commitee for Political Science no. D 501.002.14, established at Philosophical Department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in the early 1990s, is today one of the most important commitees in number of directions of this scientific knowledge in Russia and is at the forefront of training and development of highly qualified scientific and governmental personnel. In our article, we presents a brief overview of theses in the field of political science and political psychology, presented at Dissertation Committee no. D 501.002.14 throughout its history. Using a comparative method, we analyzed Ph.D. and Doctoral theses in four specialities of political studies: (i) theory of politics, history and methodology of political science; (ii) political institutes, ethnopolitical conflictology, national political processes and technologies; (iii) political culture and ideologies; (iv) political psychology. We identified several most developed problematics represented in theses research: (i) in the framework of theory and methodology of political science they are analysis of English and Roman-lingual schools of political analysis and certain complex theoretical issues that are relevant not only to modern political science, but also for political practice (such as concepts of 'national idea,' 'political myth,' 'symbolic space' and 'symbolic repression'), (ii) in the framework of political institutes, ethnopolitical conflictology, national political processes and technologies such topics are both regional and nation-wide processes and phenomena including geopolitical ones in Slavonic, Anglo-Saxon, Muslim and China worlds; (iii) authors of theses on political culture and ideologies examine political picture of the world and political values of such political actors as elites (regional and country-level), generation, gender and professional groups; (iv) theses on political psychology focused on post-Soviet Russian political leaders' self-presentations and public attitudes towards them. So, we conclude that dissertations defended in our committee reflects, firstly, the main trends and achievements in the development of certain areas of domestic political science from the late 1990s till now, and secondly, the most important trends in political practice in Russia and in the world.

В статье представлен краткий обзор работ в сфере политологии и философии политики, ведущихся структурами Астраханского госуниверситета. Проанализированы диссертации, защищены в диссертационном совете Д 212.009.12, выявлены наиболее актуальные направления политических исследований. На примере наиболее интересных работ показан вклад, вносимый учеными Каспийского региона в развитие политической науки и политического управления России и зарубежья, и определены наиболее перспективные направления дальнейших исследований. ; The internal problems of the Caspian region and the pressure of external factors on its policies are attracting increasing attention of researchers that contributes to the development of political science and practice. This circumstance is objectively enhances role of the Astrakhan region in training and development of highly qualified scientific and governmental personnel. In our article, we presents a brief overview of the work in the field of political science and political philosophy, which ongoing by structures of the Astrakhan State University, and we paid the main attention to the activities of the Dissertation committee D 212.009.12. Using a comparative method, we analyzed thesis defense which took place in this committee, and identified the most urgent spheres of political studies: (i) regional political processes in the Russian South; (ii) role of political elites in modern Russian society modernization; (iii) migrations and ethnopolitical processes; (iv) value of faith and religious relations in Russian society; (v) ethnic diasporas activities. We have shown contributions of the Caspian region scientists in the development of political science and governance in Russia and abroad. We also identified two of the most perspective subjects for further research: (i) ethnopolitical conflicts and uncertainty of the international legal status of the Caspian Sea, (ii) ensuring the national security of the Caspian region. We conclude it is impossible to overcome the problems and unresolved issues accumulated in the Caspian region, without the further development of integrated scientific research. Thus, ethnopolitical and international legal problems of the Caspian region are closely linked with situation both in the Caucasus and in sphere of Europe's energy security. 'Wide Caspian region' (including Caucasus as its geopolitical component) is the territory of special significance: in addition to its natural resources, it is a crossroads of cultures and civilizations, the region, possession of which allows provide an impact on the territory, going beyond its limits. That is why the Caspian Sea is an area of national interests of some world powers (the US, China, Britain and others).

В 2015 году исполнилось 75 лет со дня рождения выдающегося отечественного философа и политического мыслителя Александра Сергеевича Панарина (1940-2003), чья жизнь и деятельность были неразрывно связаны с Философским факультетом Московского университета. Ниже представлен краткий обзор тематического выпуска кафедры философии политики и права Философского факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, посвященного научному наследию А.С. Панарина и его вкладу в развитие российской и мировой цивилизационной теории. ; The new thematic issue of Chair of Philosophy of Politics and Law of Philosophical Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University dedicates to the 75th anniversary of the Russian philosopher and political thinker Alexander S. Panarin (1940-2003), who is remains widely regarded as one of the most authoritative representatives of civilization theory in domestic science. The focus of authors' research attention are both theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of civilizations, and real world processes, in which collision of two major trends in world development takes place. These trends are aspiration to preservation of cultural identity that makes civilization polyphony, on the one hand, and the globalist trend, leveling the diversity of social and cultural forms, on the other hand. In our thematic issue we have included articles of scientists, who belong to different schools, but they are united by common research interests. The idea of this issue was precisely to show the diversity of approaches within the civilizational agenda, relating to the most debating points in the contemporary political and philosophical discourse. In this small article, I represent a brief outline of the structure and content of the thematic issue.