Suchergebnisse

Проаналізовано патології в системі державного управління за роки відновлення незалежності Української держави. Запропоновано підходи щодо підвищення дієвості реалізації державного управління в Україні за умов прояву зовнішніх та внутрішніх загроз і викликів сучасності. ; Problem setting. After regaining its independence in 1991, Ukraine embarked on a legal, socially oriented, democratic state with a developed civil society. However, on the way, in addition to its achievements, significant losses of domestic statehood were revealed, due not only to the complexity and historical long-term nature of the process of building the Ukrainian state, but also to the lack of a coherent strategy for its radical reform program, but also to the deviant performance and deficiencies of public administration in solving the vital problems of public life.Recent research and publications analysis. According to historical experience, at the stage of development of states, pathologies in public administration are often found, which are systematic deviations in the performance of state authorities and ultimately lead to failures in achieving the declared goals and objectives. Consideration of deviations and consequences of these deviations, namely pathologies in public administration in general and in certain areas of it in particular, was the subject of the research made by either domestic scientists and by foreign scientists.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable scientific achievements in this area, the issue of the exposure of possible pathologies in public administration of modern Ukraine is still insufficiently studied in Ukrainian science.The paper objective is to analyze the factors of pathologies in public administration and to find ways of eliminating their influence both on socio-political, socio-economic relations in our country, and on the state policy, which subordinates all spheres of public life to its goals.Paper main body. The author's determination of the definition of deviations in public administration is suggested: "pathologies in public administration – are the causes of chronic failure to achieve the set goals or their achievement with significant resource losses that pose a special danger for the development of the state and social communities" and presents the own integrated classification of these pathologies, which is composed of five groups of factors.The first in the suggested classification are dysfunctions of public administration, in the concept of which there is usually invested the understanding of the incorrect (or incomplete) implementation of a specific function, or a functional violation of the qualitative nature of the action of any body of public authorities. Dysfunctional factors include: technical ineffectiveness of performers; bureaucracy; corruption; lobbyism; the stagnation of administrative activity; application of the technology of "soft", "reasonable" and "hard" force.The second group of factors includes a defect of public administration, i.e. ineffective, false, as well as untimely adopted managerial decisions of the state, the execution or non-fulfilment of which is caused by crises and conflicts in the state. In addition to these decisions, we add to the defects of public administration the influence of external management on our state and the types of managerial paradigms.To the third group of factors of the imbalances in public administration refer difficulties with the implementation by the system of government authorities of its standard functions in the complicated and rapidly changing conditions of the present; insufficient flexibility of public administration mechanisms; appearance in the part of society of the states of anomy and nihilism; significant budget deficit; inadequate logical implementation (or realization) of the declared and promised reforms to the society.The next group of factors includes the risks in public administration, which have a significant potential impact on the entire system as a whole and its subsystems in particular. The risks include not only the role of reputation risks but also the unprofessional nature of the managerial elite and performers as well as the level of their patriotism.The last component of the government's pathologies in this classification is its uncertainty, which should be understood as the objective individual limitations of human capabilities to fully cover and perceive the points of origin of bifurcations and the further development of probable scenarios of this management. These include: the lack of sufficient information, populism and the state of the "choice without a choice."Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Specific approaches are suggested for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of public administration in Ukraine in the conditions of the appearance of external and internal threats and challenges of our time.

Проаналізовано патології в системі державного управління за роки відновлення незалежності Української держави. Запропоновано підходи щодо підвищення дієвості реалізації державного управління в Україні за умов прояву зовнішніх та внутрішніх загроз і викликів сучасності. ; Problem setting. After regaining its independence in 1991, Ukraine embarked on a legal, socially oriented, democratic state with a developed civil society. However, on the way, in addition to its achievements, significant losses of domestic statehood were revealed, due not only to the complexity and historical long-term nature of the process of building the Ukrainian state, but also to the lack of a coherent strategy for its radical reform program, but also to the deviant performance and deficiencies of public administration in solving the vital problems of public life.Recent research and publications analysis. According to historical experience, at the stage of development of states, pathologies in public administration are often found, which are systematic deviations in the performance of state authorities and ultimately lead to failures in achieving the declared goals and objectives. Consideration of deviations and consequences of these deviations, namely pathologies in public administration in general and in certain areas of it in particular, was the subject of the research made by either domestic scientists and by foreign scientists.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable scientific achievements in this area, the issue of the exposure of possible pathologies in public administration of modern Ukraine is still insufficiently studied in Ukrainian science.The paper objective is to analyze the factors of pathologies in public administration and to find ways of eliminating their influence both on socio-political, socio-economic relations in our country, and on the state policy, which subordinates all spheres of public life to its goals.Paper main body. The author's determination of the definition of deviations in public administration is suggested: "pathologies in public administration – are the causes of chronic failure to achieve the set goals or their achievement with significant resource losses that pose a special danger for the development of the state and social communities" and presents the own integrated classification of these pathologies, which is composed of five groups of factors.The first in the suggested classification are dysfunctions of public administration, in the concept of which there is usually invested the understanding of the incorrect (or incomplete) implementation of a specific function, or a functional violation of the qualitative nature of the action of any body of public authorities. Dysfunctional factors include: technical ineffectiveness of performers; bureaucracy; corruption; lobbyism; the stagnation of administrative activity; application of the technology of "soft", "reasonable" and "hard" force.The second group of factors includes a defect of public administration, i.e. ineffective, false, as well as untimely adopted managerial decisions of the state, the execution or non-fulfilment of which is caused by crises and conflicts in the state. In addition to these decisions, we add to the defects of public administration the influence of external management on our state and the types of managerial paradigms.To the third group of factors of the imbalances in public administration refer difficulties with the implementation by the system of government authorities of its standard functions in the complicated and rapidly changing conditions of the present; insufficient flexibility of public administration mechanisms; appearance in the part of society of the states of anomy and nihilism; significant budget deficit; inadequate logical implementation (or realization) of the declared and promised reforms to the society.The next group of factors includes the risks in public administration, which have a significant potential impact on the entire system as a whole and its subsystems in particular. The risks include not only the role of reputation risks but also the unprofessional nature of the managerial elite and performers as well as the level of their patriotism.The last component of the government's pathologies in this classification is its uncertainty, which should be understood as the objective individual limitations of human capabilities to fully cover and perceive the points of origin of bifurcations and the further development of probable scenarios of this management. These include: the lack of sufficient information, populism and the state of the "choice without a choice."Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Specific approaches are suggested for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of public administration in Ukraine in the conditions of the appearance of external and internal threats and challenges of our time.

Problem setting. During the years of independence, Ukraine has made some positive steps in approaching levels of state social standards to European ones, but the social guarantees achieved do not yet fully satisfy the quality of life standards of Ukrainian society.Recent research and publications analysis. A considerable cohort of domestic and foreign scientists devoted their works to the problems of estimation of real incomes of the population and regulation of social standards.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable amount of research carried out on social security, the level of development and effective mechanisms for improving national social standards and social guarantees remains insufficient.The article aims at analyzing the essence and significance of the main basic social standard – the subsistence minimum and social guarantees – minimum wages and pensions by the age, as well as finding ways to approaching them to the European level.Paper main body. The nominal salary of both average and minimum format has been steadily increasing over the years 2004-2019. At the same time, its growth rate in UAH equivalent was more significant than in foreign currency. It should be noted that the officially determined minimum wage in Ukraine by 2009 was well below the subsistence level for the employable, and the minimum pension level equalled the subsistence minimum for the disabled only in 2005. In January 2017 after the raising to 3200 UAH per month, the role of the minimum wage has changed dramatically – it has moved from the statutory amount of remuneration for simple unskilled labor to the statutory minimum wage for the employee's monthly (hourly) rate of work.World practice knows two approaches to determining the minimum wage. The first is based on minimal needs, or the so-called consumer basket. In this case, the value of the minimum wage corresponds to the subsistence minimum (which is what has found its application in Ukraine). The second approach involves the extension of minimum guarantees not only to meet the vital needs, but also to the socio-cultural needs of the individual. And then the minimum wage should be comparable to the average pay. Even if we take into account the dynamics of growth over the 2013-2019 statutory living salary for employable persons, its value will be 2.5 times lower than the actual value of this parameter. For the disabled, this ratio will be 2.1 times lower. The latter indicates a significant underpaying of the official subsistence minimum for these and other social and demographic groups. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the level of subsistence minimum is in some way a compromise between the economic capacity of the state and the socio-economic needs of the population.In addition to a significant increase in consumer spending on food, there has been a significant increase in the cost of housing and utilities and health services during 2014-2019.Conclusions and perspectives for further research. Taking into account the domestic experience and positive practices of European countries in the field of social security, several measures have been proposed that will help to solve the problems of raising the standard of living of members of Ukrainian society. This can be achieved, first of all, under the conditions of human-centric public administration, sustainable growth of the domestic economy, including its consistent formalization and high levels of productive employment, vocational training and lifelong training, and adaptation of the experience of the implementation of European Union social programs taking into account the relevant domestic prerequisites. ; Проаналізовано стан дотримання рівнів соціального забезпечення та охарактеризовано особливості формування параметрів соціальних стандартів в Україні і в інших державах світу. Запропоновано перелік заходів, що сприятимуть вирішенню питань щодо зростання життєвого рівня населення України.

Problem setting. During the years of independence, Ukraine has made some positive steps in approaching levels of state social standards to European ones, but the social guarantees achieved do not yet fully satisfy the quality of life standards of Ukrainian society.Recent research and publications analysis. A considerable cohort of domestic and foreign scientists devoted their works to the problems of estimation of real incomes of the population and regulation of social standards.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable amount of research carried out on social security, the level of development and effective mechanisms for improving national social standards and social guarantees remains insufficient.The article aims at analyzing the essence and significance of the main basic social standard – the subsistence minimum and social guarantees – minimum wages and pensions by the age, as well as finding ways to approaching them to the European level.Paper main body. The nominal salary of both average and minimum format has been steadily increasing over the years 2004-2019. At the same time, its growth rate in UAH equivalent was more significant than in foreign currency. It should be noted that the officially determined minimum wage in Ukraine by 2009 was well below the subsistence level for the employable, and the minimum pension level equalled the subsistence minimum for the disabled only in 2005. In January 2017 after the raising to 3200 UAH per month, the role of the minimum wage has changed dramatically – it has moved from the statutory amount of remuneration for simple unskilled labor to the statutory minimum wage for the employee's monthly (hourly) rate of work.World practice knows two approaches to determining the minimum wage. The first is based on minimal needs, or the so-called consumer basket. In this case, the value of the minimum wage corresponds to the subsistence minimum (which is what has found its application in Ukraine). The second approach involves the extension of minimum guarantees not only to meet the vital needs, but also to the socio-cultural needs of the individual. And then the minimum wage should be comparable to the average pay. Even if we take into account the dynamics of growth over the 2013-2019 statutory living salary for employable persons, its value will be 2.5 times lower than the actual value of this parameter. For the disabled, this ratio will be 2.1 times lower. The latter indicates a significant underpaying of the official subsistence minimum for these and other social and demographic groups. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the level of subsistence minimum is in some way a compromise between the economic capacity of the state and the socio-economic needs of the population.In addition to a significant increase in consumer spending on food, there has been a significant increase in the cost of housing and utilities and health services during 2014-2019.Conclusions and perspectives for further research. Taking into account the domestic experience and positive practices of European countries in the field of social security, several measures have been proposed that will help to solve the problems of raising the standard of living of members of Ukrainian society. This can be achieved, first of all, under the conditions of human-centric public administration, sustainable growth of the domestic economy, including its consistent formalization and high levels of productive employment, vocational training and lifelong training, and adaptation of the experience of the implementation of European Union social programs taking into account the relevant domestic prerequisites. ; Проаналізовано стан дотримання рівнів соціального забезпечення та охарактеризовано особливості формування параметрів соціальних стандартів в Україні і в інших державах світу. Запропоновано перелік заходів, що сприятимуть вирішенню питань щодо зростання життєвого рівня населення України.

Проаналізовано світовий досвід проведення соціальних та економічних реформ у період кризових станів. Розглянуто причини гальмування реформ в Україні. Запропоновано заходи для подолання наявних соціально-економічних і політичних проблем в Українській державі. ; The international experience in carrying out socio-economic reforms in times of crisis is analyzed. The causes that impede reforms in Ukraine are considered. The steps to solve socio-economic and political problems in the Ukrainian state are offered.

Проаналізовано світовий досвід проведення соціальних та економічних реформ у період кризових станів. Розглянуто причини гальмування реформ в Україні. Запропоновано заходи для подолання наявних соціально-економічних і політичних проблем в Українській державі. ; The international experience in carrying out socio-economic reforms in times of crisis is analyzed. The causes that impede reforms in Ukraine are considered. The steps to solve socio-economic and political problems in the Ukrainian state are offered.