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14 pags., 7 figs., 1 tab. ; Visual simulators are useful tools to provide patients experience of multifocal vision prior to treatment. In this study, commercially available center-near aspheric multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) of low, medium, and high additions were mapped on a spatial light modulator (SLM) and validated on a bench. Through focus visual acuity (TFVA) was measured in subjects through the SLM and real MCLs on the eye. A correlation metric revealed statistically significant shape similarity between TFVA curves with real and simulated MCLs. A Bland-Altman analysis showed differences within confidence intervals of ±0.01 logMAR for LowAdd/MediumAdd and ±0.06 logMAR for HighAdd. Visual performance with simulated MCLs outperformed real MCLs by ∼20%. In conclusion, SLM captures the profile of center-near MCLs and reproduces vision with real MCLs, revealing that the MCL profile and its interactions with the eye's optics (and not fitting aspects) account for the majority of the contributions to visual performance with MCLs ; This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, MyFun under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement to SV, and H2020-MSCA-IF-GF2019-MYOMICRO-893557 to MV, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement; European Research Council ERC-2019-AdG-833106 H2020 Innovative Action 779960 & Spanish Government FIS2017-84753-R to SM. ; Peer reviewed

17 pags., 9 figs. ; We have measured the ocular transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) in 11 subjects using 2D-two-color Vernier alignment, for two pupil diameters, in a polychromatic adaptive optics (AO) system. TCA measurements were performed for two pupil diameters: for a small pupil (2-mm), referred to as 'optical TCA' (oTCA), and for a large pupil (6-mm), referred to 'perceived TCA' (pTCA). Also, the TCA was measured through both natural aberrations (HOAs) and AO-corrected aberrations. Computer simulations of pTCA incorporated longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), the patient's HOAs measured with Hartmann-Shack, and the Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE), measured objectively by laser ray tracing. The oTCA and the simulated pTCA (no aberrations) were shifted nasally 1.20 arcmin and 1.40 arcmin respectively. The experimental pTCA (-0.27 arcmin horizontally and -0.62 vertically) was well predicted (81%) by simulations when both the individual HOAs and SCE were considered. Both HOAs and SCE interact with oTCA, reducing it in magnitude and changing its orientation. The results indicate that estimations of polychromatic image quality should incorporate patient's specific data of HOAs, LCA, TCA & SCE. ; European Research Council (ERC-2011-AdC 294099); H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (H2020 COFUND Marie Curie 291820 program); Spanish Government (FIS2014-56643R, FIS2017-84753R, FPU16/01944, ISCIII DTS16/00127).

ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract (2019) ; Support Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R Spanish Government Grant FIS2017-84753-R European Project Presbyopia ERC-2011-AdG Ref. 294099 Spanish Government Predoctoral Grant FPU16/01944 ; Peer reviewed

14 pags., 5 figs. ; Convolved images are often used to simulate the effect of ocular aberrations on image quality, where the retinal image is simulated by convolving the stimulus with the point spread function derived from the subject's aberrations. However, some studies have shown that convolved images are perceived far more degraded than the same image blurred with optical defocus. We hypothesized that the positive interactions between the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations in the eye are lost in the convolution process. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated optical and visual quality with natural optics and with convolved images (on-bench, computer simulations, and visual acuity [VA] in subjects) using a polychromatic adaptive optics system with monochromatic (555 nm) and polychromatic light (WL) illumination. The subject's aberrations were measured using a Hartmann Shack system and were used to convolve the visual stimuli, using Fourier optics. The convolved images were seen through corrected optics. VA with convolved stimuli was lower than VA through natural aberrations, particularly in WL (by 26% in WL). Our results suggest that the systematic decrease in visual performance with visual acuity and retinal image quality by simulation with convolved stimuli appears to be primarily associated with a lack of favorable interaction between chromatic and monochromatic aberrations in the eye. ; Supported by the Spanish Government (FIS2017-84753R, PID2020-115191RB-I00) to SM; Spanish Government Predoctoral (Grant FPU16/01944) to SA; H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (H2020 MSCA IF GF 2019 MYOMICRO 893557) to MV; European Research Council (ERC-2018-ADG SILKEYE 833106), NIH NIE P30EY 001319; and Unrestricted Funds Research to Prevent Blindness to SM. ; Peer reviewed

11 pags., 7 figs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; Adaptive optics (AO) visual simulators based on deformable mirrors, spatial light modulators or optotunable lenses are increasingly used to simulate vision through different multifocal lens designs. However, the correspondence of this simulation with that obtained through real intraocular lenses (IOLs) tested on the same eyes has not been, to our knowledge, demonstrated. We compare through-focus (TF) optical and visual quality produced by real multifocal IOLs (M-IOLs) -bifocal refractive and trifocal diffractive- projected on the subiect's eye with those same designs simulated with a spatial light modulator (SLM) or an optotunable lens working in temporal multiplexing mode (SimVis technology). Measurements were performed on 7 cyclopleged subjects using a custom-made multichannel 3-active-optical-elements polychromatic AO Visual Simulator in monochromatic light. The same system was used to demonstrate performance of the real IOLs, SLM and SimVis technology simulations on bench using double-pass imaging on an artificial eye. Results show a general good correspondence between the TF performance with the real and simulated M-IOLs, both optically (on bench) and visually (measured visual acuity in patients). We demonstrate that visual simulations in an AO environment capture to a large extent the individual optical and visual performance obtained with real M-IOLs, both in absolute values and in the shape of through-focus curves. ; Tis research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement. [ERC-2011-AdC 294099]; the H2020 COFUND Marie Curie 291820 program; ERCPoC SimVis project. Tis study was also supported by Spanish Government grant FIS2014-56643-R to S.M., FIS2017-84753-R to S.M. and C.D., and DTS16-00127 to C.D., and Spanish Government FPU Predoctoral Fellowship (FPU16/01944) to S.A. Authors thank Laura Barrios from the Scientifc Calculus Center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) for help with the statistical analysis.

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017 ; Support The research leading to these results has received funding from Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte of Comunidad de Madrid and the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n°291820 to VA, Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R and European Research Council (ERC) (ERC-2011-AdG 294099) to SM. ; Peer reviewed

15 pags., 9 figs., 1 tab. ; Visual simulators aim at evaluating vision with ophthalmic corrections prior to prescription or implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the patient's eye. In the present study, we present the design, implementation, and validation of a new IOL-in-cuvette channel in an Adaptive Optics visual simulator, which provides an alternative channel for pre-operative simulation of vision with IOLs. The IOL is projected on the pupil's plane of the subject by using a Rassow system. A second lens, the Rassow lens, compensates for an IOL of 20 D while other powers can be corrected with a Badal system within a 5 D range. The new channel was evaluated by through-focus (TF) optical quality in an artificial eye on bench, and by TF visual acuity in patients, with various IOL designs (monofocal, diffractive trifocal, and refractive extended depth of focus). ; Funding. Spanish Government (FIS2017-84753R) ; Peer reviewed

16 pags. 6 figs., 1 tab. ; Purpose: As multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) expand as a solution for presbyopia correction, a better understanding of their optical and visual performance becomes essential. Also, providing subjects with the experience of multifocal vision before contact lens fitting becomes critical, both to systematically test different multifocal designs and to optimize selection in the clinic. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a simultaneous vision visual simulator (SimVis) to represent MCLs. Methods: Through focus (TF) optical and visual quality with a center-near aspheric MCL (low, medium and high near adds) were measured using a multichannel polychromatic Adaptive Optics visual simulator equipped with double-pass, SimVis (temporal multi-plexing), and psychophysical channels to allow measurements on-bench and in vivo. On bench TF optical quality of SimVis-simulated MCLs was obtained from double-pass (DP) images and images of an E-stimulus using artificial eyes. Ten presbyopic subjects were fitted with the MCL. Visual acuity (VA) and DP retinal images were measured TF in a 4.00 D range with the MCL on eye, and through SimVis simulations of the same MCLs on the same subjects. Results: TF optical (on bench and in vivo) and visual (in vivo) quality measurements captured the expected broadening of the curves with increasing add. Root mean square difference between real and SimVis-simulated lens was 0.031/0.025 (low add), 0.025/0.015 (medium add), 0.019/0.011 (high add), for TF DP and TF LogMAR VA, respectively. A shape similarity metric shows high statistical values (lag κ = 0), rho = 0.811/0.895 (low add), 0.792/0.944 (medium add), and 0.861/0.915 (high add) for TF DP/LogMAR VA, respectively. Conclusions: MCLs theoretically and effectively expand the depth of focus. A novel simulator, SimVis, captured the through-focus optical and visual performance of the MCL in most of the subjects. Visual simulators allow subjects to experience vision with multifocal lenses prior to testing them on-eye. Translational Relevance: Simultaneous visual simulators allow subjects to experience multifocal vision non-invasively. We demonstrated equivalency between real multifocal contact lenses and SimVis-simulated lenses. The results suggest that SimVis is a suitable technique to aid selection of presbyopic corrections in the contactology practice. ; Supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2011-AdC 294099) to SM; Spanish Government (FIS2017-84753R) to SM, and pre-doctoral fellowship (FPU16/01944) to SA; Collaborative agreement with Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc., Research & Development, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018. ; Support European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; Spanish Government: FIS2014-56643-R, PTQ-15-07432, and ISCIII DTS16/00127; Collaborative agreement with Physiol (Liege, Belgium) ; Peer reviewed

This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019 ; Support European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; Spanish Government: FIS2017-84753-R, PTQ-15-07432, and ISCIII DTS16/00127; Spanish Goverment predoctoral program FPU16/01944; Collaborative agreement with Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA ; Peer reviewed