Suchergebnisse

This article was originally a paper when the author was asked to discuss Peer Holm Jorgensen's work, The Missing History: Based on the True Story of Dewa Soeradjana, which was organized by the Bali Study Center-Udayana University in collaboration with Bentara Budaya. The title given by the author in connection with the discussion of the contents of the book is assesing the Witness of a Person in History Before the Events of September 30, 1965.It should be noted that until now, the development of Indonesian historiography is still far from the expectation of writing a complete and comprehensive history. This is because in addition to the limited historical sources available relating to the periods made in the writing of Indonesian history itself, such as between the classical historical period, modern history and contemporary history which entered into the realm of cultural studies as the post-modern era. The existence of gaps between these periods, especially in the post-revolutionary period, seems to be caused by the spirit of the times that developed after the end of the New Order era, where there was a demand for a forward total history writing. This means that there is now a demand for an open history writing, without any cover-up, so that Indonesian society in general and historians (professional historians), history enthusiasts, amateur historians, and students will be able to fully understand the history of their nation.The hope that this demand will get a chance, now that the New Order regime which ruled for more than 32 years in a centralized and authoritarian manner has ended. The hopes include the need to represent studies related to the demands of the reform era which want transparency, accountability, openness and provide defense to minority groups, and marginalized people as a result of policies that benefit the majority group. This condition gave the majority group an opportunity to legitimize its power, various strategies are carried out so that it was hoped that it would not provide opportunities for political groups or opponents to defend themselves.

One of the main issues that has been discussed in Indonesia regarding the democracy process in a modern world is about the feminism and gender issues. On the one hand, women are considered to play limited roles, whilst on the other hand, the men have always been considered to play a significant role. This can be traced back in the long process of the Balinese history not only in terms of political aspect, but also in the context of socio cultural aspects. It is important to look at what has happened in the Balinese societies, since Bali is known as a Hindu mozaic in Southeast Asia. The Balinese society has its own culture based on local culture that is strongly influenced by the Indian or Indic culture. The Balinese society is a patrilineal system, in which a man has a higher position, but in fact it was even Bali had a woman princess, who was of mixed Javanese and Balinese heritage, a wife of King Udayana of Bali between the 10th and 11th century. Both of them were considered as the Balinese kings at the same time. In the era of these two kings they were successful in integrating between Hinduism and Buddhism. Until now, the Balinese believe the soul of Mahendradatta as Durga. The main questions that will be addressed in this paper are firstly: how do the Balinese interpret the female deities? Secondly, how do they worship them? Thirdly, what is the meaning of this worship in terms of religious and cultural aspects in the modern and postmodern time? By discussing these issues, it is expected that we will have a better understanding on how the Balinese worship the female deities in the prehistoric, classical, and modern times in the context of a global or universal culture

---

Indonesian government policies that emphasize economic growth and national stability, characterized by authoritarian and centralized government in the past, inflict a disparity in regional growth. The control of central government to the region, seems to disturb the sense of justice and the welfare of the people on the borderline territory which are considered retarded, isolated, and marginalized. Moreover, the increasing of smuggling, human trafficking, and terrorism has been disturbing the sense of historical awareness in relation to the issue of nationality. It started from reform era followed by regional autonomy policy gives space to the region government to balance the local development. This article discussed, first: The importance of History education in borderline territory, Second: ethnic historical concept and regional studies in borderline territory, third: ethnical integration based on sociocultural aspect of national character reinforcement in borderline, and fourth: history education development to increase the competitiveness, which also expected to strengthen the nationalism in borderline territory. ; Indonesian government policies that emphasize economic growth and national stability, characterized by authoritarian and centralized government in the past, inflict a disparity in regional growth. The control of central government to the region, seems to disturb the sense of justice and the welfare of the people on the borderline territory which are considered retarded, isolated, and marginalized. Moreover, the increasing of smuggling, human trafficking, and terrorism has been disturbing the sense of historical awareness in relation to the issue of nationality. It started from reform era followed by regional autonomy policy gives space to the region government to balance the local development. This article discussed, first: The importance of History education in borderline territory, Second: ethnic historical concept and regional studies in borderline territory, third: ethnical integration based on sociocultural aspect of national character reinforcement in borderline, and fourth: history education development to increase the competitiveness, which also expected to strengthen the nationalism in borderline territory

AbstractGlobalism has variously impacted on the social, cultural, economic, legaland political life of the Balinese, which in turn has changed the structure ofBalinese society. Ultimately, this could also create conflicts or other socialproblems. Indeed, there are many regulations to anticipate and to dealwith such issues, but these have not been satisfactory due to weaknessesin implementation. This can be seen in the way issues on globalism affectideas of multi-versalism, which could in turn foster particular changestowards sustainable development in Balinese society.The majority of people who reside in the Bali Island are Balinese, whoare adherents of Hinduism. The Balinese have attempted to solve theproblems caused by globalization not only in the context of their dailylife, but also in the context of religion. It is important to note here thatthe religious issues are closely linked with the local issues, especiallythose dealing with their longstanding cultural. This essay will addressseveral issues: firstly, how globalism affects social, cultural, economic,and political aspects of Balinese life; secondly, how the Balinese anticipateor solve contemporary problems; and finally how the global and nationalissues have been tackled by the Balinese society through local wisdom.An analysis of these important issues is expected to offer a betterunderstanding of globalism in the context of Balinese local wisdom andthe ideas of multi-versalism.

Die Überlegungen der Autoren beziehen sich auf die bestehende Verbindung zwischen Geschichte und Sozialwissenschaften. Sie basieren auf der Annahme, dass die Sozialwissenschaften an der Erklärung sozialer Phänomene beteiligt sind, die in historischen Kontexten eingebettet sind. Obwohl sie eine akademische Disziplin sind, verknüpfen sich die Sozialwissenschaften mit sozialen, politischen und ethischen Überlegungen und Forderungen. Die Analyse der Autoren richtet sich auf mehrere Gesichtspunkte: Erstens auf die Rolle von Historikern und Sozialwissenschaftlern aus der frühen Entwicklungsphase in Indonesien bis zum Niedergang des Regimes der "Neuen Ordnung" von Präsident Suharto; zweitens auf den Stellenwert der Geschichte und der Sozialwissenschaften an den indonesischen Hochschulen, und drittens auf die Herausforderungen der Internationalisierung der Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften im heutigen Indonesien. Die Autoren gehen außerdem auf die negativen Auswirkungen von Modernisierung und Globalisierung ein und betonen die Tatsache, dass soziologische Experten in Indonesien nicht in der Lage waren, die Entwicklungen schnell genug vorauszusehen. (ICI).

Adat and religious values played a significant role in the rise of social movements and people power during the Dutch colonial era which is evident in the dynamics of Bali in particular. For centuries, adat customary traditions had been deeply rooted in Balinese communities and strongly contributed to civilization and culture. However, certain factors, such as social, economic and political disturbances have threatened the stability of Balinese communities and culture. From the local perspective of Bali, this posed a threat against the sovereignty of the kingdom of Bali, was still recognized as an autonomous territory. In light of the above issues, this article used an interdisciplinary approach to historiography in analyzing oral history and textual archives. It is hoped to offer a better understanding of how historical Balinese adat and religious values fostered an increase in social resilience and people power when faced with externally generated disturbances.

Adat and religious values played a significant role in the rise of social movements and people power during the Dutch colonial era which is evident in the dynamics of Bali in particular. For centuries, adat customary traditions had been deeply rooted in Balinese communities and strongly contributed to civilization and culture. However, certain factors, such as social, economic and political disturbances have threatened the stability of Balinese communities and culture. From the local perspective of Bali, this posed a threat against the sovereignty of the kingdom of Bali, was still recognized as an autonomous territory. In light of the above issues, this article used an interdisciplinary approach to historiography in analyzing oral history and textual archives. It is hoped to offer a better understanding of how historical Balinese adat and religious values fostered an increase in social resilience and people power when faced with externally generated disturbances.

Indian culture has dominantly influenced the Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of the archipelago. This, which started centuries ago, can still be seen in the peoples' daily lives in social, cultural, economic and political matters. Both the Hindu and Buddhist lessons have been practiced in Bali, although it is argued that the Buddhist lessons had been developed earlier than the Hindu ones. These developments have strongly characterized Balinese daily life, so, it is very important to understand how people anticipate and solve some crucial issues regarding the processes of modernization and globalization. There are some important questions that need to be addressed on the Indian influences in strengthening the Balinese culture from the earlier periods until the modern and even postmodern times. In this case, the specific questions are: Firstly, how did the Balinese accept these two lessons in their daily lives in the context of Balinization processes? Secondly, what kinds of tangible and intangible cultures of the Hindu and Buddhist lessons can be seen in the present day Bali? Thirdly, how do they strengthen the Bali identity or Balinization, known as "Ajeg Bali"?

Indian culture has dominantly influenced the Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of the archipelago. This, which started centuries ago, can still be seen in the peoples' daily lives in social, cultural, economic and political matters. Both the Hindu and Buddhist lessons have been practiced in Bali, although it is argued that the Buddhist lessons had been developed earlier than the Hindu ones. These developments have strongly characterized Balinese daily life, so, it is very important to understand how people anticipate and solve some crucial issues regarding the processes of modernization and globalization. There are some important questions that need to be addressed on the Indian influences in strengthening the Balinese culture from the earlier periods until the modern and even postmodern times. In this case, the specific questions are: Firstly, how did the Balinese accept these two lessons in their daily lives in the context of Balinization processes? Secondly, what kinds of tangible and intangible cultures of the Hindu and Buddhist lessons can be seen in the present day Bali? Thirdly, how do they strengthen the Bali identity or Balinization, known as "Ajeg Bali"?

Masyarakat Bali yang masih mempertahankan adat budayanya tidak terlepas dari budaya patriarki dengan sistem patrilineal yang juga terlihat jelas dalam kehidupan pernikahan yang menganut konsep purusa (laki-laki sebagai kepala keluarga). Masyarakat yang masih bercirikan budaya patriarki, tampak mendominasi posisi laki-laki dalam pengambilan keputusan, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Artikel ini mengkaji dampak psikologis dari kekerasan dalam rumah tangga terhadap perempuan pada budaya patriarki. Untuk membahas permasalahan ini akan digunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dalam penelitian ini diambil tiga kasus terhadap perempuan Bali yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangganya. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor budaya patriarki menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya kekerasan, serta dampak psikologis yang dialami oleh ketiga kasus adalah perasaan takut, pikiran negatif tentang diri, perasaan tidak berharga, perasaan tertekan, dan melampiaskan emosi marah kepada anak. Kata kunci: budaya patriarkhis, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, keluarga Bali, pendekatan psikologis, perempuan Bali

Besakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh and Cetho are the Hindu temple that stillexisting in Central Java. These temples have their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop thesustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many experts who understand about the culturalrelation between the temple of Besakih in Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java.This becomes important since the indigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands aresignificant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political development in which their influencescan be seen at the modern and postmodern Balinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can beconsidered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15thcentury. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not only develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which thedevelopment of Hindu for the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu Mataramnamely in the era of king Sanjaya.The main questions that are need to be addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahitculture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho?Secondly,in which cultural context that occurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of theHindu culture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the difference between theindigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how the Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culturein terms of local wisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better understanding on how bothcommunities can strengthen their own culture in the context of their prosperity.

This research choose the development of banjar Belaluan Sadmerta in Denpasar as its topic. There are two questions asked in this research which are, 1)What are factors behind establishment of banjar Belaluan Sadmerta, and 2) How's the development of banjar Belaluan Sadmerta in socio-cultural, religion, economy and politic in Denpasar within 1957-2017. This research used social history method by Kuntowijoyo, which is used to find out level of development. This research used Historical Theory by Ida Bagus Sidemen which explained, 1) Historical Explanation, 2) Historical Objectivity, 3)Historical Determinism. The theory used as basis in exploring and reconstructing data in this research. Development as concept, defined the development of banjar Belaluan Sadmerta to be perfect in both abstract and concrete forms. In this way, this research was able to produce conclusions from each research questions which then used as conclusion that the establishment of banjar Belaluan Sadmerta was inseparable from the dominant role of a sekaa or group and important society's figures in its development. Regional autonomy is also an opportunity for the societies to make banjar Belaluan Sadmerta as a place for societies to carry out daily activities.