Suchergebnisse

Vinasse waste, which is a by-product of the alcohol industry, has polluted the rice field en- vironment in the Bekonang, Sukoharjo and surrounding villages. This problem arises into the realm of law with the publication of a law on alcohol which prohibits low-level alcohol producers to sell to the public. This regulation increasingly discourages alcoholic craftsmen who are mostly used as raw materials in herbal and medicinal industries. In addition to the narrower marketing, they are also confronted by farmers who are angered by the environmental pollution of vinasse waste that for decades has only been dumped into irrigation flows without treatment. Field observations and preliminary studies on vinasse waste content found no harmful ingredients to the environment ex- cept high acidity (4.5). The rest is the content of organic materials that can be utilized to fertilize the soil. Therefore waste alcohol should be processed with the addition of complementary organic materials to be used as a medium to grow probiotic bacteria that are very good for soil and plants. This activity is intended to provide education on how to process waste vinasse into liquid fermen- tation fertilizer that can be utilized by local residents and society in general. Activity method that will be done is socialization about potential waste vinasse, making waste processing equip- ment, giving skill to make liquid fermentation fertilizer and applying it to cassava plant land. These activities are expected to generate positive perception changes and increase knowl- edge of craftsmen and farmers in addressing vinasse waste issues. In addition, both parties are able to treat the harmful waste into probiotic bacteria and fertilizer products with high qual- ity. With this activity, the source of conflict of Bekonang village community will decrease slow- ly along with the socialization of the results of the activity to the wider community and the as- sistance of the village government as the administrative responsibility of Bekonang village

Limbah industri logam penghasil baja tahan karat yang berasal dari tungku busur listrik masih mengandung zinc (Zn) sebanyak 50-60% ingin diolah kembali untuk membentuk zink oksida (ZnO) dengan perlakuan metode hidrotermal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh proses pelindian dan pengendapan terhadap ektraksi Zn dari prekursor limbah logam dan mengetahui apakah dapat terbentuk produk ZnO. Terdapat dua proses persiapan utama yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini berupa proses pelindian menggunakan asam asetat (CH3COOH) 1M dan proses pengendapan menggunakan Asam Oksalat (C2H2O4) 1M. Proses hidrotermal dilakukan dengan tiga variabel suhu (120, 150, 200°C) dan tiga variabel waktu (1, 3, 6 jam). Terdapat tiga macam karakterisasi yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffration (XRD), dan X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Pada UV-Vis menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan absorbansi pada sampel di panjang gelombang 365 nm, hasil karakterisasi XRF menunjukkan kandungan Zn meningkat dari 50-60% menjadi 94-95%, karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang dibuat masih berupa zinc oksalat (Zn(C2O4)) dan belum terbentuk senyawa ZnO.

Proses reduksi selektif bijih nikel laterit merupakan salah satu metode pirometalurgi yang dilakukan dengan mereduksi senyawa besi dan nikel oksida dalam bijih nikel laterit pada temperatur 1100-1200°C menjadi logam ferronikel dengan membatasi metalisasi besi melalui penambahan aditif dan penggunaan jumlah reduktan yang terbatas. Kandungan dan perolehan nikel dalam konsentrat semakin meningkat dengan semakin banyaknya aditif yang ditambahkan. Namun penambahan aditif dalam jumlah banyak akan meningkatkan biaya produksi proses reduksi selektif tersebut. Penggunaan reduktan batubara dengan kandungan sulfur tinggi memungkinkan untuk mensubstitusi penggunaan aditif. Proses reduksi selektif tidak hanya melibatkan reaksi solid-state melainkan juga melibatkan reaksi solid-liquid state. Oleh karena itu biaya produksi proses reduksi selektif juga dapat diminimalkan melalui penggunaan basisitas yang optimal sehingga diperoleh kondisi proses dengan titik lebur fasa metalik dan non-metalik yang rendah. Dengan konsumsi energi/temperatur reduksi yang lebih rendah, diharapkan teknologi reduksi selektif bijih nikel laterit mampu menggantikan teknologi pirometalurgi konvensional (blast furnace dan rotary kiln electric arc furnace). Teknologi ini juga diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi permasalahan terkait pengolahan bijih nikel laterit kadar rendah (<1,7% Ni) yang ketersediaannya sangat berlimpah di dunia, dimana nilai keekonomisan yang diperoleh akan sangat rendah jika menggunakan teknologi pirometalurgi konvensional.

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to clarify the views of Islamic law on the acts of domestic violence as a consequence of nusyuz (disobedience) and its position under the legislation of Indonesia. Methodology: This research was conducted by using the library research method. Documentary techniques are used in data collection, primary data is obtained from books, journals, and writings that directly discuss the material or problem under study, and from the secondary literature, which implicitly discusses it and is still quite relevant to be a comparison. Main Findings: The findings of this discussion revealed that the legislation of Indonesia is very protective of women, which is in line with the Islamic law principle that prioritizes persuasive and not repressive efforts in overcoming conflicts in the household. The compilation of Islamic law does not regulate the beating of wife, but the rule contained in Law No. 23 of 2004 on the elimination of domestic violence prohibits violence in the household. Applications of this study: This study can be useful for Indonesian people, especially for women and human right activists. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty in this discussion is the enlightenment of the public about the existence of a relationship between Islamic law and applicable law in Indonesia, wherein Islamic law is often not considered to be in harmony with the law in existing discussions.

AbstrakKebutuhan ekstraksi nikel dari bijih nikel laterit khususnya jenis bijih limonit dengan kadar nikel yang rendah sangat diperlukan karena kebutuhan nikel yang terus meningkat dengan adanya pengembangan kendaraan bermotor listrik berbasis baterai. Jenis dan karakteristik bijih laterit yang berbeda akan memberikan pengaruh pada hasil ekstraksi nikel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi nikel dari bijih laterit jenis limonit yang berasal dari Pulau Halmahera (LH)) dan Pulau Sulawesi (LS) menggunakan pelindian atmosferik. Asam sulfat digunakan sebagai agen pelindian. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik bijih limonit (LH dan LS) pada berbagai variabel pelindian yaitu suhu (30oC, 50oC dan 80oC), konsentrasi asam sulfat (0,5M; 1M; dan 2M), waktu pelindian (15, 30, 60, 120, dan 240 menit), serta rasio bijih terhadap reagen pelindian (5, 10, dan 20% w/v) terhadap ekstraksi nikel dari bijih limonit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bijih laterit sangat berpengaruh pada hasil pelindian dan persen rekoveri nikel. Nikel dari bijih LH yaitu jenis limonit dari Pulau Halmahera dapat diekstrak secara maksimal (100%) pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5M, suhu 80oC, rasio bijih/larutan asam sulfat 10%, dan waktu pelindian 2 jam. Sedangkan persen ekstraksi nikel dari bijih LS yang terbesar adalah 95% yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 2M, suhu 80oC, rasio bijih/larutan asam sulfat 5%, dan waktu pelindian 4 jam. AbstractNickel extraction from nickel laterite ores particularly low-grade limonite ore is needed along with the increase of nickel consumption on the development of battery electric vehicle. Types and characteristics of nickel laterite ores affect greatly on the nickel extraction from these ores. This research conducted the extraction of nickel from limonite ore from different areas i.e. Halmahera Island (LH) and Sulawesi Island (LS) using atmosferic leaching. Sulfuric acid (1M) was used as leaching reagent. Leaching processes were carried out for investigating the effects of limonite ore characteristics (LH and LS), leaching temperatures (30oC, 50oC dan 80oC), concentration of sulfuric acid (0.5M; 1M; 2M), leaching time (15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes), and ratio of ore amount to volume of leaching reagent on the nickel extraction from limonite ores. Experimental results showed that ore characteristic affected greatly on the leaching result and nickel leaching recovery. Nickel from LH ore could be extracted maximum (100%) using sulfuric acid 0.5M, temperature of 80oC, and leaching time 120 minutes (2 hours). Whereas, the highest nickel extraction percentage from LS ore is 95% using sulfuric acid 2M, temperature of 80oC, and leaching time 240 minutes (4 hours).

Salah satu sumber daya mineral yang berperan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat di dunia adalah timah. Sumber daya timah dapat diolah menjadi timah sulfat yang memiliki nilai jual dan manfaat yang lebih tinggi. Timah(II) sulfat digunakan dalam aplikasi industri dan manufaktur sebagai agen elektroplating dan produk perawatan permukaan logam. Permintaan timah sulfat di pasar global mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Beberapa metode produksi timah sulfat telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya timah. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengolah sumber daya timah dengan metode yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan yang terkait sintesis timah(II) sulfat dengan metode elektrolisis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan elektrolit dan tegangan operasi sangat mempengaruhi sintesis timah(II) sulfat. Namun, variabel ini dibatasi oleh luas permukaan yang terbatas. Kondisi terbaik penelitian terjadi pada tegangan operasi 0,6V dan larutan elektrolit dengan konsentrasi 0,05 M.

The increasing need of REY has been observed in industries such as catalyst industry, metallurgy, military, health and renewable energy resources. REY such as Ce, Nd, Y, and Eu has a prominent evidence to improve material properties such as high electropositive, good conductivity and renewable energy. Due to this increasing need of REY, exploration of alternative source has been conducted. One of the promising alternative sources is coal fly ash. The conventional method to recover REY from coal fly ash using inorganic acids is harmful to the environment. Thus, the exploration of REY extraction from coal fly ash using organic acid has been proposed in this study. The leaching agent was acetic acid applied for all operating condition. Regarding to the mineralization of REY in the form of siliceous minerals (non-magnetic coal fly ash). Silicate digestion was conducted using sodium hydroxide 8 M with solid-to-liquid of 25% to decompose the siliceous mineral. Further, the REY bound siliceous mineral will change to REY(OH)3. Temperature as one of the operating conditions was varied. The maximum recovery of leaching 20.58 %, 43.53 %, 17.38%, 40.96 %, 18.45 % and 32.74 % were achieved for Ce, Dy, La, Nd, Y and Yb respectively at temperature of 90 0C pH 1.74 and 120 minutes. For some metals, increasing the temperature higher than 70 0C does not provide any significant effect for REY recovery such as La and Ce.