Suchergebnisse

Hibernia, the Iberia of the north -- Ireland, Rome, Spain: the origins of a mission -- The changing nature of royal patronage -- "Rock castle, Trojan horse": the Restoration -- Under Catholic sovereignty, 1685-1691 -- Religion after war: redefining the mission -- Fin de siècle: a return mission -- From the Habsburg to the Bourbon: change or continuity?.

En 1664, Sir Richard Fanshawe recaló en la corte de Madrid como el primer embajador de la restaurada monarquía de Inglaterra. La misión que le encomendó Carlos II Estuardo se articuló en torno a dos ejes cardinales para los intereses regios: la firma de un nuevo tratado de comercio y alianza, y el arbitraje de la paz entre España y Portugal. En los dos años que duró su legación, el negociado generó resultados desiguales que no terminaron de satisfacer a las distintas partes y se saldarían con un final inesperado. El objeto de este artículo es analizar el marco de las relaciones diplomáticas anglo-españolas en la transición de la República al restituido gobierno monárquico para comprender las problemáticas heredadas a las que tuvo que responder Fanshawe con su praxis diplomática y la renovación de distintos acuerdos que abrirían nuevos horizontes políticos en el tablero geopolítico europeo. ; In 1664, Sir Richard Fanshawe arrived at the court of Madrid as the first ambassador of the restored monarchy of England. The mission entrusted to him by Charles II Stuart was articulated around two cardinal axes for the royal interests: the signing of a new treaty of commerce and alliance, and the arbitration of peace between Spain and Portugal. In the two years that his legation lasted, the negotiation generated unequal results that did not end up satisfying the different parties and would come to an unexpected end. The purpose of this article is to analyse the framework of Anglo-Spanish diplomatic relations in the transition from the Republic to the re-established monarchical government to understand the inherited matters to which Fanshawe had to respond with his diplomatic praxis and the renewal of different agreements that would open new political horizons in the European geopolitical chessboard. ; Área de Historia del Arte

En 1664, Sir Richard Fanshawe recaló en la corte de Madrid como el primer embajador de la restaurada monarquía de Inglaterra. La misión que le encomendó Carlos II Estuardo se articuló en torno a dos ejes cardinales para los intereses regios: la firma de un nuevo tratado de comercio y alianza, y el arbitraje de la paz entre España y Portugal. En los dos años que duró su legación, el negociado generó resultados desiguales que no terminaron de satisfacer a las distintas partes y se saldarían con un final inesperado. El objeto de este artículo es analizar el marco de las relaciones diplomáticas anglo-españolas en la transición de la República al restituido gobierno monárquico para comprender las problemáticas heredadas a las que tuvo que responder Fanshawe con su praxis diplomática y la renovación de distintos acuerdos que abrirían nuevos horizontes políticos en el tablero geopolítico europeo ; In 1664, Sir Richard Fanshawe arrived at the court of Madrid as the first ambassador of the restored monarchy of England. The mission entrusted to him by Charles II Stuart was articulated around two cardinal axes for the royal interests: the signing of a new treaty of commerce and alliance, and the arbitration of peace between Spain and Portugal. In the two years that his legation lasted, the negotiation generated unequal results that did not end up satisfying the different parties and would come to an unexpected end. The purpose of this article is to analyse the framework of Anglo-Spanish diplomatic relations in the transition from the Republic to the re-established monarchical government to understand the inherited matters to which Fanshawe had to respond with his diplomatic praxis and the renewal of different agreements that would open new political horizons in the European geopolitical chessboard ; Este trabajo se ha realizado al amparo del programa Tomás y Valiente de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid- MIAS (Madrid Institute for Advanced Study), y es resultado de los proyectos "Reloj de Indias: la proyección europea en el Atlántico, 1665-1700" (SI1-PJI-2019-00270), financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid, y FAILURE: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries (H2020-MSCA-RISE. Grant Agreement, no. 823998), respondiendo a las líneas de actuación del WP 4 «Unsuccessful polities, from empire to nations, and international relationships»

Tras la fallida expedición de Kinsale en 1601-1602, los irlandeses comenzaron a definir su identidad de comunidad exiliada en la península ibérica. Como forma de legitimación, su retórica se fundamentó en una tradición arraigada sobre un origen «español». Generalizada a través de las crónicas medievales y los bardos, este discurso y la presentación del mítico rey Milesio como antepasado común fueron el recurso fáctico empleado por las élites para justificar su presencia e incorporación en las distintas estructuras de la Monarquía de España. La intrínseca polarización social quedó representada en este relato, utilizado como aspecto definitorio y elemento diferenciador. La historicidad de tal construcción ideológica fue recogida por autores castellanos y acentuada por eruditos irlandeses. Sus plumas y la instrumentalización de recursos como las genealogías sentaron las bases de una idiosincrasia compartida que culminaría con su naturalización castellana ; After the failed expedition of Kinsale (1601-1602), Irish exiles began to define their identity in the Iberian Peninsula. To legitimize their position, they based their rhetoric on the tradition surrounding a "Spanish" origin. Spread by means of medieval chronicles and bards, this discourse and the introduction of their common 'ancestor', the mythical King Milesius were the devices used by elites to justify their presence and incorporation within the structures of the Spanish monarchy. Intrinsic social polariza tion was represented in this account and used as a defining and differen tiating aspect. The historicity of this ideological construction was reflected by Castilian authors and accentuated by Irish scholars. Both these writing strategies and the instrumentalization of resources such as genealogies laid the foundations for a shared idiosyncrasy culminating in their Castilian naturalization ; Este trabajo se ha realizado al amparo del programa Tomás y Valiente de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-MIAS (Madrid Institute for Advanced Study), y es resultado del proyecto FAILURE: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries (H2020-MSCA-RISE. Grant Agreement, no. 823998), respondiendo a las líneas de actuación del WP 4 «Unsuccessful polities, from empire to nations, and international relationships», financiado por The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme

The royal palace and the Spanish chapel in The Hague became a matter of dispute between Philip V and the members of the Grand Alliance during the War of the Spanish Succession. Mediated by diplomatic alternatives, the religious activity of the chapel went through different political, social and confessional realities, particularly after the Philip's representative, Francisco Bernardo de Quirós, left the embassy, and as consequence of the non-payment of debts and taxes. Due to the incapacity of the court of Madrid to guarantee its continuity, the property, patronage and the public life of the chaplains resumed in the service of several European legates, from the Portuguese management to the claims of Habsburg ministers and, during the Congress of Utrecht, the plenipotentiaries of the King Philip. This study focuses on a Catholic space which shows the significance of confessional dynamics in diplomacy where the reason of State would be prevailed as its private nature at the beginning of the 18th century. ; El real palacio y la capilla de España en La Haya se convirtieron en objeto de conflicto entre Felipe V y los miembros de la Gran Alianza durante la guerra de Sucesión. Mediatizada por las alternativas diplomáticas, la actividad religiosa del oratorio atravesaría distintas realidades políticas, sociales y confesionales, particularmente tras la salida del representante regio filipino, Francisco Bernardo de Quirós, y como consecuencia del impago de deudas de diversa naturaleza. Ante la incapacidad madrileña para garantizar su continuidad, la propiedad, el patronato y la vida pública de los capellanes proseguirían al servicio de varios legados europeos, pasando de una gestión portuguesa hasta las diferentes reclamaciones de los ministros de la Casa de Austria y, durante el congreso de Utrecht, de los plenipotenciarios del rey Felipe. Esta historia particular de un ámbito religioso católico permitirá ahondar en la relevancia otorgada a las dinámicas confesionales en un mundo, el diplomático, donde se iría imponiendo la razón de Estado como su naturaleza privativa en los albores del Setecientos.The royal palace and the Spanish chapel in The Hague became a matter of dispute between Philip V and the members of the Grand Alliance during the War of the Spanish Succession. Mediated by diplomatic alternatives, the religious activity of the chapel went through different political, social and confessional realities, particularly after the Philip's representative, Francisco Bernardo de Quirós, left the embassy, and as consequence of the non-payment of debts and taxes. Due to the incapacity of the court of Madrid to guarantee its continuity, the property, patronage and the public life of the chaplains resumed in the service of several European legates, from the Portuguese management to the claims of Habsburg ministers and, during the Congress of Utrecht, the plenipotentiaries of the King Philip. This study focuses on a Catholic space which shows the significance of confessional dynamics in diplomacy where the reason of State would be prevailed as its private nature at the beginning of the 18th century.

The chapel of the Spanish embassy in London had an important role to play in the confessional politics of the Spanish monarchy in the second half of the 17th century. As a public space of worship and political social exchange, it was well equipped with artistic and ornamental elements. The study of these objects, their nature, uses and functionality within the material culture of the period shows how they circulated back and forth across the North Sea during the 1660's and how they constituted an essential part of the artistic and liturgical patrimony of this diplomatic chapel. ; La capilla de la embajada española en Londres representó un eje referencial en la política confesional de la monarquía de España en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. Como espacio público de culto y ámbito de sociabilidad política se dotó de elementos artísticos y ornamentales proporcionados a la dignidad del monarca patrocinador. El estudio de la naturaleza de estos objetos, su uso y funcionalidad dentro de la cultura material permite conocer cómo en la década de 1660 circularon entre ambas orillas del mar del Norte y constituyeron una parte esencial del patrimonio artístico y litúrgico del oratorio diplomático.

In 1676 Francisco de Melo, Portuguese ambassador in London and lord chamberlain of the Queen Catherine of Braganza, was involved in a typographic controversy that affected his diplomatic dignity and his palatine office. Service and obedience to two members of the Lusitanian Royal House, with different natures and responsibilities, show the delicate balance between the political sphere of negotiation and the domestic space. According to his career and his dual position, the impression's permission of a catholic book in the protestant court caused the dispute analyzed in these pages. Although it can be interpreted as an eventual case, it emphasizes the confessional reality of England and how such printed texts found ways of diffusion through the diplomacy and the environment of the royal consort. ; En 1676 Francisco de Melo Manuel, embajador portugués en Londres y lord chamberlain de la reina Catalina de Braganza, se vio envuelto en una controversia tipográfica que afectaría a su dignidad diplomática y a su oficio palatino. El servicio y obediencia a dos miembros de la casa real lusa, con distinta naturaleza y atribuciones, muestra el delicado equilibrio entre la esfera de negociación política y el ámbito doméstico. Teniendo en consideración su trayectoria y doble condición, la licencia de impresión de un libro católico en la corte protestante derivó en una querella que, si bien puede interpretarse como un caso eventual, pone de relieve la realidad confesional imperante en la Inglaterra restaurada. Asimismo, se infiere cómo tales impresos encontraron en la diplomacia y el entorno de la consorte regia canales informales de difusión y circulación.

The coronation of James II, a Catholic, brought about a profound political change in religious matters in the British Isles. At court, a Catholicizing process was introduced, supported by the monarch and the European diplomats who opened chapels in different parts of the city. However, this missionary effort had an unequal reception and caused a popular rejection against this new religious culture, leading to demonstrations of a markedly confessional nature. The chapel of the Spanish Embassy suffered the insults of the crowd on two occasions: the main consequence of these altercations was its destruction during the revolution of 1688. Although, superficially, this protest movement can be interpreted as anti-Catholic, it must be understood in a political context. With each new royal ruling, the protests gained strength until finally exploding after the flight of the King to France. This paper focuses on the popular protests and the explicit remonstrance of English Protestants against these Catholic altars and places of worship, with particular emphasis on the residence of Pedro Ronquillo. This study looks at popular protests and the reaction of the authorities, perceptions of the English and the use of the public sphere, the reception and dissemination of news and the impact of popular religious violence on foreign affairs in this crucial phase of English and European history. ; La coronación del católico Jacobo II provocó un profundo cambio en la política religiosa de las Islas Británicas. En la corte se inició un proceso de catolización, respaldado por el rey y los embajadores europeos, los cuales abrieron capillas en diferentes partes de la ciudad. Sin embargo, el esfuerzo misionero fue interpretado negativamente fuera de la corte, causando un rechazo popular contra la nueva cultura religiosa que, a su vez, generó muestras de protesta de carácter confesional. La capilla de la embajada de España sufrió el insulto de la multitud en dos ocasiones: la principal consecuencia de estas alteraciones fue su destrucción durante la revolución de 1688. Pese a que en la superficie este movimiento de protesta puede ser interpretado como anti-católico, debe ser puesto en relación con el contexto político del que emanaba. Con cada nueva medida adoptada por el rey, las protestas fueron adquiriendo más fuerza, hasta explotar tras la huida del rey a Francia. Este texto se centra en las protestas populares y las reacciones de las autoridades, las percepciones y uso de los ingleses de la esfera pública, la recepción y diseminación de noticias y el impacto de la violencia religiosa popular en las relaciones exteriores durante esta etapa crucial de la historia de Inglaterra y Europa.

The political rules adopted by Oliver Cromwell in Ireland caused a migratory flow of nuns. They were thrown out their convents and taken in Castilian congregations and convents. From the auspice of Philip IV and Charles II, the establishment of a private juro for their maintenance constituted the factual origin of a new patronage for Irish people. The evolution of this way of assistance and the royal disposition to protect these ejected sisters strengthened the pious image of said kings, as well as the continuity of a significant confessional praxis for the interests of the Spanish monarchy in those North's kingdoms. ; Las medidas políticas adoptadas por Oliver Cromwell en Irlanda generaron un movimiento migratorio de religiosas que, expulsas de sus conventos, fueron acogidas en congregaciones y conventos castellanos. Bajo el auspicio de Felipe IV y Carlos II, el establecimiento de un juro privativo para sus alimentos constituyó el origen fáctico de un nuevo patronato para irlandeses. La evolución de esta fórmula asistencial y la disposición regia para proteger a estas monjas expulsas reforzó la imagen piadosa de dichos monarcas, así como la continuidad de una praxis confesional de cierto alcance para los intereses de la monarquía de España en aquellos reinos del Norte.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Moderna: Fecha de lectura: 10-07-2014 ; The identification of the British Isles as 'mission lands' responds to a historiographical proposal. From the missionary perspective, this thesis analyses the guidelines of Spanish confessional politics in the geostrategic space of the Northern Europe. Between 1660 and 1702, it tries to show how the government's praxis of the pious Carlos II centred on the Irish Mission and the chapel of the Spanish embassy in London. This focus of interpretation explains the duality of the Hispanic political-religious issue as seen in the consulted sources in different European archives and libraries, and the bibliography used. During recent years, the affairs of Ireland have experienced a continuous historiographical reinterpretation from the view of the Spanish Monarchy. The historical and religious links were fixed in Early Modern history by different forms of service and loyalty: the colleges of nation in the peninsular, the Irish military presence in the army of the Catholic king and the commercial contacts between both kingdoms. In this dynamic of reciprocity and permanent support, the Irish Mission represents one of the main pillars of the confessional model articulated by the monarchy for conserving Catholicism in this island. The significance of this support structure for Irish priests and friars transcended simply sending of missionaries as agents to defend the catholic religion in Hibernia. The political connotations of this royal patronage grew with the education of royal servants and the ministry of the word. They were destined to propagate the 'religion of Spain' and the public recognition of the Habsburg sovereigns' pious image. The adaptability of the distinctive elements reveals their polyhedral character. The analysis of the internal evolution, from the Cadiz pension and the concession process of the viaticum, is complemented with the definition of the missionary's identity and others transversal aspects which, like books, helped to remodel the entity of this confessional referent. On the other hand, the studies relative to the Spanish embassy in London, in the reign of Charles II, have emphasized the figure of the royal agent and his political behaviuor in the British Court. The analysis of these ambassadors' shows a new line of research to which the historiography has paid less attention. The chapels established by each legate when they arrived in London are an important topic of research. These oratories were interpreted as another missionary instrument of the Spanish monarchy in its confessional politics. The private chapels acquired a public character and notoriety in London's court sphere due to their privileged location within the religious space and circles of political power. The aesthetic magnificence, the sumptuousness shown in the liturgical celebrations, the doctrinal sermons preached by native chaplains in English exalted the royal majesty and the Pietas Austriaca. With a renewed perspective and taking interpretative elements of diverse disciplines, this thesis tries to highlight the multiple aspects of this Caroline representation in the restored court of London. From these premises, the following pages invite one to reflect on a complex polycentric subject of research, with different actors. All of it gives the book a global historiographical perspective1

Este trabajo se ha realizado al amparo del programa Tomás y Valiente de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid- MIAS (Madrid Institute for Advanced Study), y es resultado de los proyectos "Reloj de Indias: la proyección europea en el Atlántico, 1665-1700" (SI1-PJI-2019-00270), financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid, y FAILURE: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries (H2020-MSCA-RISE. Grant Agreement, no. 823998), respondiendo a las líneas de actuación del WP 4 «Unsuccessful polities, from empire to nations, and international relationships»

The restoration of Portugal has been one of the most relevant objects of Iberian historiographical studies in the last decades. The study of the events related by the Neapolitan Capuchin Fra' Bonaventura d'Alessano reconstructs the internal problems of John IV of Bragança and the court of Lisbon and the limits that the reason of State focused on the missionary projection of the Holy See – through Propaganda Fide and the help given by Philip IV of Habsburg in Madrid– in the African continent, being a prologue to Catholic confessional activity in southern Africa and its consolidation despite the Dutch monopoly of the WIC in Angolan and Congolese spaces ; Questo saggio fa parte del progetto Reloj de Indias: la proyección europea en el Atlántico, 1665- 1700 (SI1/PJI/2019-00270), concesso dalla Comunidad de Madrid e l'Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ricercatrice principale: Cristina Bravo Lozano; membro ricercatore: Roberto Quirós Rosado). Anche, è risultato del progetto FAILURE: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries [H2020-MSCA-RISE, Grant agreement: 823998] nel suo WP4. "Unsuccessful polities, from empire to nations, and international relationships" (membri ricercatori: Cristina Bravo Lozano e Roberto Quirós Rosado)