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This study advances knowledge concerning military topographical engineering in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during 1861 and 1862 operations. It examines representative historical maps, Union and Confederate official reports, the wartime journals of James W. Abert, Jedediah Hotchkiss, and David Hunter Strother, and a detailed postwar reminiscence by Thomas H. Williamson to illuminate the typical experience of the topographical engineer in early war operations in the Shenandoah. Evidence indicates that Civil War topographers mostly performed the tasks one would expect of them: mapmaking, reconnaissance, and orienteering. They were occasionally required to perform other duties tailored to their individual talents. There is evidence that the role of Confederate topographical engineers was more specific than that of Union officers.

This study examines the response rates for surveys used in organizational research. We analysed 1607 studies published in the years 2000 and 2005 in 17 refereed academic journals, and we identified 490 different studies that utilized surveys. We examined the response rates in these studies, which covered more than 100,000 organizations and 400,000 individual respondents. The average response rate for studies that utilized data collected from individuals was 52.7 percent with a standard deviation of 20.4, while the average response rate for studies that utilized data collected from organizations was 35.7 percent with a standard deviation of 18.8. Key insights from further analysis include relative stability in response rates in the past decade and higher response rates for journals published in the USA. The use of incentives was not found to be related to response rates and, for studies of organizations, the use of reminders was associated with lower response rates. Also, electronic data collection efforts (e.g. email, phone, web) resulted in response rates as high as or higher than traditional mail methodology. We discuss a number of implications and recommendations.

The Unexpected Offer is a relatively short case involving the valuation and sale of a Web site and its domain name. Because the issues involved are easily identified and apparently straightforward, it may be used at the start of a negotiation course. Specifically, it can be very effective in introducing a discussion of how to value or quantify a BATNA. While students in the marketing associate role tend to rely on budgets and other internal concerns to assess their BATNA, those in the entrepreneur role tend to focus on external factors or their own widely varying estimates. This variability frequently generates a stimulating discussion.

"An evidence-based approach to improving the practice of graduate management educationCompiled by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) and with contributions by administrators and professors from the top global MBA programs, this book provides business school decision-makers with an evidence-based approach to improving the practice of graduate management education. The book is designed to help navigate the pressures and create revolutionary platforms that leverage a school's unique competitive advantage in a design distinctly tailored for today's business realities. Offers a unique handbook for improving graduate management education Contains contributions from an international group of deans and professors that lead MBA programs Sponsored by GMAC, owner of the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) exam used by over 5,000 programs worldwide This important resource gives academics a proven approach for improving graduate-level management programs"--

Autosuggestion is a type of therapy that calls on techniques such as hypnotism. Subjects use autosuggestion on themselves with the aim of curing bad habits, inculcating positive ones, boosting willpower, and even assuaging the symptoms of physical health problems. This practical treatise represents one of the first American publications to deal with the subject; it was produced in cooperation with Emile Coue, who pioneered the technique

Law, like religion, provided one of the principal discourses through which early-modern English people conceptualised the world in which they lived. Transcending traditional boundaries between social, legal and political history, this innovative and authoritative study examines the development of legal thought and practice from the later middle ages through to the outbreak of the English civil war, and explores the ways in which law mediated and constituted social and economic relationships within the household, the community, and the state at all levels. By arguing that English common law was essentially the creation of the wider community, it challenges many current assumptions and opens new perspectives about how early-modern society should be understood. Its magisterial scope and lucid exposition will make it essential reading for those interested in subjects ranging from high politics and constitutional theory to the history of the family, as well as the history of law

Historians have long recognized that members of the lower branch of the legal profession, the ancestors of the modern solicitors, played an important part in early modern English society, but difficulties in establishing their identities and recovering their career patterns have hitherto left them virtually unstudied. This work charts the massive sixteenth-century increase in central court litigation and offers an explanation of it largely in terms of social change and the decline of local jurisdictions. At the same time, it argues that the period witnessed a major turning point in the relationship between the legal profession and English society. The number of practitioners in the lower branch who were associated with the legal institutions of London grew to such an extent that by 1640 the ratio of lawyers to population was not much different from that in the early twentieth century. Although this tremendous growth in the amount of legal business and the number of legal practitioners created some serious administrative problems, the commonly held view that the lower branch in this period was largely untrained, dishonest, and uncontrolled is no more than a myth

Considers the benefits to the Israelis in participating in the United States SDI programme. (GAW)