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Population ageing and increasing employment rates among women have been well known trends for many years in many countries. This latter development means that the share of couples nearing retirement where both partners are working has been increasing. Surprisingly, little attention has been devoted to studying retirement in a couple context in greater detail. This article addresses the question whether and how couples coordinate their transitions from working life into retirement and which factors to consider when examining (non-)joint retirement patterns. The aim of this article is to improve the understanding of the complex interactions taking place in couple retirement processes that touch on the work and family sphere and to promote areas of future research along these lines. It contributes to the scholarly debate by providing a comprehensive summary of research devoted to studying couple retirement patterns and its antecedents from a life course perspective. To this end, research literature from more than 25 years is taken into account and various conceptual, theoretical and empirical aspects of couple retirement processes are discussed. Readers are provided with an overview of the concept of joint retirement, an idea of how widespread joint retirement is, and which factors to consider when studying retirement timing from a couple perspective.

Objective: This paper investigates whether weekend work is associated with higher levels of work-family conflict (WFC) among parents, and whether resources like schedule control or presence of a partner mitigate this effect. Background: The 24/7 economy requires many workers to work on weekends. Nevertheless, research on the impact of weekend work on families, and on WFC in particular, is underdeveloped, with previous studies relying on cross-sectional data and small samples. Method: Associations between regular weekend work and a measure of WFC are examined using data from fourteen waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The sample is restricted to workers aged 18 to 64 years with parenting responsibilities for children aged 17or less (7,753 individuals, 40,216 observations). Both pooled ordinary least squares and fixed-effects regression models are estimated. Results: Among both genders, weekend workers have significantly higher levels of WFC than those who only work weekdays. WFC is particularly high for those who work weekends and simultaneously have little control over their schedule. And whereas WFC is generally higher for single parents, week-end work affects WFC similarly for couple and single parents. Conclusion: Weekend work generally has a detrimental effect on workers' ability to combine employment with parenting commitments. However, work-domain resources like schedule control can buffer the impact of weekend work.

The expansion of public childcare and increases in female labor force participation (FLP) are major developments in European societies. Though studies, in general, suggest the existence of effects of childcare on FLP, the results are very heterogeneous across different studies. This heterogeneity may well be driven by the lack of accounting for heterogeneous time trends and regional differences. Based on a fully balanced panel of German counties from 2007 to 2017, the effects of an increase in overall and full-time childcare places for children aged 0-2 and 3-5 on FLP are estimated. We add novel empirical insights by using fixed effect (FE) and fixed effect individual slope models (FEIS) to control for selection on trends, and by differentiating across different regional types. In most cases, we find conventional FE models to be biased due to heterogeneous time trends. In West Germany, increases in overall and full-time childcare places for children aged 3-5 years foster FLP. For toddlers (0-2), we find no effect on FLP in West Germany once selection on trends is taken into account. When further differentiating by region type, we identify a strong impact of full-time care for the age group 0-2 on FLP in urban, agglomeration and rural counties, but not in metropolitan areas. Our results highlight how the returns in FLP to public childcare differ between regional contexts and provide evidence for catch-up processes in childcare enrollment and FLP for rural areas.

In an aging work society, the transition to retirement represents a crucial passage in status for older adults. The conditions and the forms of the age-related status transition have changed substantially in Germany over recent decades. Thus, in addition to "indirect" retirement paths from various forms of non-employment, there is an increasing tendency to continue paid work beyond the regular retirement age limit. Moreover, older adults volunteer in civil society and are engaged within the family after retirement. These activities, together with prolonged labor market participation, form a central dimension of old age potential that can be a societal as well as an individual benefit. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of research, provide an overview of basic concepts as well as to advance the discourse on the transition to retirement and the potential of older people in Germany. One focus is on the labor market participation of older adults, even beyond the legal retirement age limit. In addition, we emphasize the interaction between different productive activities with regard to complementary or substitute relationships. These considerations are united in the concept of unretirement, which complements the traditional concept of retirement. A modified Rubicon model of action is presented as a heuristic framework for further empirical research on the labor market participation of older adults.

The follow-up survey for the Transitions and Old Age Potential (TOP) study took place from November 2015 until February 2016. Of the 3,897 the willing respondents from the first wave of 2013, three years later interviews were completed with 2,501 persons. In content, the second wave of TOP focuses on the transitions to retirement, the realization of activity intentions, particularly on the labor market, as part of a multi-stage model of action as well as on the changes in the potentials of older adults over the course of time. Like the first wave, the follow-up survey was also conducted by the Umfragezentrum Bonn (uzbonn) on behalf of the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB). In addition to measures for reducing the bias from panel mortality and for increasing coverage, longitudinal weighting methods were used that, among other aspects, adjusted for selective response probabilities in the second wave.

Die Studie "Familie in Bildern" wurde im Jahr 2015 am Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB) durchgeführt. Ziel der Studie ist es, die individuellen und kulturellen Familienleitbilder der Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer zu erfassen und detailliert zu beschreiben. Die Studie bedient sich eines Methoden-Mix bestehend aus drei Erhebungstechniken: (1) Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer wurden instruiert, eine Zeichnung einer "richtigen" Familie anzufertigen. (2) Mit jeder Teilnehmerin und jedem Teilnehmer wurde ein leitfadengestütztes personalisiertes Telefoninterview geführt, das der korrekten Interpretation dieser Zeichnung diente. (3) Jede Teilnehmerin und jeder Teilnehmer füllte einen standardisierten PAPI ("paper-and-pencil-interview")-Kurzfragebogen zu grundlegenden sozio-demografischen Merkmalen sowie zur aktuellen und früheren Familiensituation selbstadministriert aus. Grundgesamtheit ist die Wohnbevölkerung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit deutscher Staatsbürgerschaft im Alter von mindestens 16 Jahren. Mittels Quotensampling und Schneeballverfahren wurde eine Bruttostichprobe von 136 Personen generiert, die sich bereiterklärt haben, an der Studie teilzunehmen, und entsprechende Unterlagen zugeschickt bekommen haben. Am Ende dieser Feldphase konnten für eine Nettostichprobe von n=101 Personen alle Daten erfolgreich erhoben werden. Die Feldphase erstreckte sich von Februar bis Oktober 2015.

International migration between economically highly developed countries is a central component of global migration flows. Still, surprisingly little is known about the international mobility of the populations of these affluent societies. The aim of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) is to collect data to analyse the individual consequences of international migration as well as the consequences for the country of origin. GERPS is based on an origin-based multistage probability sample using the German population registers as a sampling frame. The realised net sample includes more than 11,000 persons who recently moved abroad from Germany and persons returning to Germany after having lived abroad. The study follows a multi-destination country design and allows comparative analyses of migrants and non-migrants who stayed in the country of origin. GERPS is a panel study with at least four waves during a period of at least 24 months. This documentation, however, presents the methodology and the data for the first wave providing the baseline survey. Detailed information is provided to invite external researchers to apply the new data infrastructure to their own research and to disseminate the innovative research design to construct migrant samples.