Suchergebnisse

School principal leadership has a vital role in school performance. The COVID-19 pandemic brings new challenges for the school principal leadership in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to identify those new challenges. Specifically, this article explains the role of School Principal Leadership in facing those challenges in maintaining teachers' and students' performances, building parents' support, and applying government regulations. This study was conducted by following a systematic literature review approach. There were four steps conducted in this study: designing the review, conducting the review, analyzing, and writing the review. The researchers collected the data from the articles published in international journals indexed by Scopus. Then, the collected data were analyzed qualitatively using an interactive data analysis model. This study found that school principal leadership faces new challenges in maintaining the teachers' motivation to teach and students' motivation to study through online learning. Besides, the school principals also have to educate the parents to monitor their children's learning. At the same time, the school principals also need to ensure that the schools follow the government regulation on preventing the spread of COVID-19. The detailed findings and suggestions for further research are presented in this article.

The state civil apparatus (SCA) is a state asset. SCA must be maintained, and its competence is developed to provide quality public services according to the times. The classic problem faced by several local governments is that many SCA is less than optimal in carrying out their service tasks to the community, arrive late, and are less productive. This study aims to develop a digital measurement instrument about the effect of open selection, job satisfaction, transformational leadership, and work motivation on the performance (OSTMonP) of civil servants. Several steps of instrument development are determining evaluation components, determining evaluation aspects, instrument items, testing instrument items, analyzing instrument items, and determining final items—data collection through questionnaires and documentation. The subjects of this research are two experts who pick the validity and 45 respondents as SCA in the reliability test. The analytical technique instrument through content validation uses the Gregory formula. The instrument reliability test used the Cronbach Alfa formula. The development of OSTMonP resulted in 133 items with very high validity and very high-reliability categories. OSTMonP can support the measurement of public services through several relevant factors.