Suchergebnisse

The creation of the Minimum Guaranteed Income is an innovation in the context of social action in Portugal. Minimum Guaranteed Income legislation mandates the creation of Local Monitoring Committees (CLAs), which helps to transform a certain way of partnering locally. In fact, with the creation of CLA, an "up-bottom" logic is transformed into a "bottom-up" logic. However, certain things do not change only by "decree", including coordination. This means that: coordination is a process; coordination requires time (time to set up and time to generate impacts); coordination shows the need to define the profile of he/she who assumes coordination between partners. In a way, coordination depends on an "I". While the existence of CLA and its competences are legally defined, different CLA scattered throughout the country constitute different realities and reflect the dynamics of local institutions as well as the characteristics of their respective contexts. ; A criação do Rendimento Mínimo Garantido representa uma inovação no contexto da acção social em Portugal. A legislação sobre o Rendimento Mínimo Garantido determina a criação de Comissões Locais de Acompanhamento (CLA), o que contribui para transformar um certo modo de fazer parcerias a nível local. De facto, com a criação das CLA, assiste-se à transformação de uma lógica "do topo para a base" numa lógica "da base para o topo". Contudo, certas coisas não mudam apenas "por decreto", entre as quais a dimensão da coordenação. Isto significa que: a coordenação é um processo; a coordenação requer tempo (tempo para se constituir e tempo para gerar impactes); a coordenação evidencia a necessidade de se definir o perfil de quem assume a coordenação entre parceiros. De certo modo, a coordenação depende de um "Eu". Se a existência das CLA e as suas competências são legalmente definidas, as diferentes CLA espalhadas pelo País representam realidades diferentes e reflectem a dinâmica das instituições locais bem como as características dos respectivos contextos.

Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico 'Equidad y calidad en educación'. Resumen tomado del autor ; A partir de abril de 1974, fecha de la Revolución de los Claveles, la educación formal recibe un fuerte impulso, que es fácil constatar al menos cuantitativamente: aumento de la población escolar y de los niveles de instrucción. Este impulso, no obstante, inició sus pasos en 1835, año en el que estableció la obligatoriedad y extensión de la educación primaria. Por otra parte, después de 1974, se han desarrollado contenidos legislativos que ya apuntan hacia la mejor cobertura, no sólo de aspectos cuantitativos, sino para solucionar ciertos déficits cualitativos del sistema educativo. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico 'Equidad y calidad en educación'. Resumen tomado del autor ; A partir de abril de 1974, fecha de la Revolución de los Claveles, la educación formal recibe un fuerte impulso, que es fácil constatar al menos cuantitativamente: aumento de la población escolar y de los niveles de instrucción. Este impulso, no obstante, inició sus pasos en 1835, año en el que estableció la obligatoriedad y extensión de la educación primaria. Por otra parte, después de 1974, se han desarrollado contenidos legislativos que ya apuntan hacia la mejor cobertura, no sólo de aspectos cuantitativos, sino para solucionar ciertos déficits cualitativos del sistema educativo. ; Madrid ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

This paper quantifies the long-run impact of exposure to youth minimum wages and sheds light on its mechanisms. It uses remarkable longitudinal data spanning for twenty years and explores legislative changes that define groups of teenagers exposed for different durations. After controlling for the contemporaneous impact of the minimum wage, its long-run impact translates into: an overall wage premium, consistent with an upgrading in the quality of jobs offered; a flatter tenure-earnings profile, consistent with lower initial investment in firm-specific training. Interestingly, the overall wage premium increases with exposure and the tenure-earnings profile is flatter the longer the exposure.

Trabajo presentado a: "Third World Conference of the European Association of Labour Economists and the Society of Labor Economists (EALE-SOLE)" celebrada en Londres en 2010; "European Network for Training in Economic Research (ENTER) Jamboree" celebrado en Francia en 2010. ; This paper quantifies the long-run impact of exposure to youth minimum wages and sheds light on its mechanisms. It uses remarkable longitudinal data spanning for twenty years and explores legislative changes that define groups of teenagers exposed for different durations. After controlling for the contemporaneous impact of the minimum wage, its long-run impact translates into: an overall wage premium, consistent with an upgrading in the quality of jobs offered; a flatter tenure-earnings profile, consistent with lower initial investment in firmspecific training. Interestingly, the overall wage premium increases with exposure and the tenure-earnings profile is flatter the longer the exposure. ; Peer Reviewed

The Portuguese female labor force participation rate is one of the highest among European Union countries. This study seeks to explain why. After a brief look at the sharp contrast between the situation in the 1980s and that of the 1960s, it sets out to answer the question: What motivates women to participate, and why is the Portuguese economy so receptive to female participation? An option and a necessity coexist, motivating women to produce for the market - higher levels of human capital generate a stronger will to join the labor market and facilitate integration, whereas the need to overcome poverty is a major constraint faced by some women. On the demand side, support is found for the idea that the concentration of female employment in certain low-paid segments of the market constitutes an important foundation for international economic competitiveness. Also, women have been carrying most of the burden of the strategy of labor market flexibility, an issue central to the debate and economic policy regarding the labor market during the 1980s.

Examines reasons for high female labor force participation, including family economic needs and low-wage employment opportunities; some focus on social effects; Portugal.