Suchergebnisse

Although long governed by "Dillon's Rule" that makes localities a "creature" of the state, the U.S. municipalities have always desired some degree of local autonomy. One of the ways in which states grant autonomy to local governments is through a designation of "home rule." Most prior studies of the effects of home rule on local governance have focused on relating large municipalities. This article explores the effect of adopting home rule on small municipalities by looking at municipalities' revenues. Focusing on Illinois municipalities, this article conducts a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to provide causal evidence. The empirical evidence shows that the adoption of home rule has a positive and statistically significant impact on the level of total own-source revenue, especially for local sales taxes and other taxes, but it has limited influence on property taxes. In addition, while home rule significantly increases revenue diversification for small municipalities, it has little influence on revenue stability.

Under the background of the new media era, teenagers, especially college students, have pushed the new media to a blowout development trend. This provides opportunities and challenges for the development of Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities. Inter subjectivity ideological and political education is the frontier issue in the discipline of Ideological and political education, which embodies the Marxist theory of subject human and the Marxist concept of communication practice. In the era of new media, the research on the ideological and political education among the main bodies of colleges and universities is a reasonable choice to conform to the trend of the times. Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities can be effectively developed on the platform of new media.

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

Indoor military operations play a vital part in modern urban warfare. Decision making in indoor operations is quite complicated due to the complex of the indoor spatial environment. However, the study of the characteristics and features of indoor operations is scarce. To help commanders make decisions in indoor operations, a model to represent the information of the building and an algorithm to perform route planning is needed. There have been some studies in the field of search and rescue problems, but these did not study the enemy force, which has a lot of uncertainties and plays a vital role in indoor operations. To solve this problem, this paper first proposes an innovative IndoorGeoBML (Indoor Geospatial Battle Management Language) model to accurately describe the indoor environment. We define six categories of information in IndoorGeoBML model: geometry information, navigation information, semantic information, outdoor information, intelligence information, and event information, which accurately, dynamically, and comprehensively describe the environment in the building. Then based on the IndoorGeoBML model, this paper researches the route planning in indoor operations. There are two types of indoor route planning problems. One is single destination route planning, the other is a searching route planning, which needs to plan paths to search the whole building. To deal with these two kinds of route planning problems, based on IndoorGeoBML model, this paper introduces a new algorithm: the IORP (Indoor Operation Route Planning) algorithm. Finally, this paper implements some experiments on a building with IORP algorithm dealing with the two kinds of route planning problems. For single destination route planning, the result shows that the enemy capability, traversing time, and own casualties of our proposed algorithm are 779.2, 801, and 12.5, which is at least 9.9%, 9.2%, and 7.5% lower compared to other algorithms. For searching route planning, the result shows that the whole time for searching decreases from ...

"Regionally circulated popular culture is now an indispensable part of the average East Asian's daily life. The magnitude, dynamics, and wide spatial coverage of the cultural "flow" signify its potential to become a powerful vehicle for bringing to life the 1998 ASEAN-Plus-Three Summit's vision statement on an integrated East Asian community. Yet the creative industry-produced popular culture flows and the resulting immense number of intra-regional contacts at the people-to-people level may also trigger instantaneous and massive nationalist responses to any imported cultural program. The impact of cross-border popular cultural flows on East Asians' competing national selves, and the potential of translating pleasure from popular cultural consumption into regional integration urges are thus issues carrying political significance and consequence for East Asia, and possibly with serious repercussions on the world. To contribute towards a comprehensive understanding of the junction between the ever dense cross-border cultural traffic and an incipient East Asian identity, this edited volume brings together eleven scholars from eight countries to explore interactions of popular cultural flows, state politics, audiences' receptions, and public debates in Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, Vietnam and China, and across the region as a whole. These investigations provide fresh conceptual and empirical insights into the study of the dynamic and complex interface of cultural adaptation, political identification and regional identity formation in the pop cultural consumption process in East Asia"--