Suchergebnisse

Decades of warnings by conservationists, epidemiologists, and virologists that the trade and consumption of wildlife could result in serious zoonotic pandemics have gone largely unheeded. Now the world is ravaged by COVID-19 that has caused tremendous loss of life and economic and societal disruption, with dire predictions of more destructive and frequent pandemics. There are now calls to tightly regulate and even enact complete wildlife trade bans, while others call for more nuanced approaches since many rural people rely on wildlife for sustenance. Given forces of political and societal expediency and limitations to enforcing bans, a response closer to the latter is more likely to unfold. But this will require monitoring and assessing trade situations for zoonotic risks. We present a framework for government authorities in the public health and wildlife sectors to assess wildlife trade situations for risks of serious zoonoses in order to inform policies to curtail or control the trade, much of which is illegal in most countries. The framework is based on available knowledge of different wildlife taxa traded in the Asia-Pacific Region, taxa known to carry highly virulent and transmissible viruses, and broad categories of market types and trade chains.

Decades of warnings by conservationists, epidemiologists, and virologists that the trade and consumption of wildlife could result in serious zoonotic pandemics have gone largely unheeded. Now the world is ravaged by COVID-19 that has caused tremendous loss of life and economic and societal disruption, with dire predictions of more destructive and frequent pandemics. There are now calls to tightly regulate and even enact complete wildlife trade bans, while others call for more nuanced approaches since many rural people rely on wildlife for sustenance. Given forces of political and societal expediency and limitations to enforcing bans, a response closer to the latter is more likely to unfold. But this will require monitoring and assessing trade situations for zoonotic risks. We present a framework for government authorities in the public health and wildlife sectors to assess wildlife trade situations for risks of serious zoonoses in order to inform policies to curtail or control the trade, much of which is illegal in most countries. The framework is based on available knowledge of different wildlife taxa traded in the Asia-Pacific Region, taxa known to carry highly virulent and transmissible viruses, and broad categories of market types and trade chains.

Decades of warnings that the trade and consumption of wildlife could result in serious zoonotic pandemics have gone largely unheeded. Now the world is ravaged by COVID-19, with tremendous loss of life, economic and societal disruption, and dire predictions of more destructive and frequent pandemics. There are now calls to tightly regulate and even enact complete wildlife trade bans, while others call for more nuanced approaches since many rural communities rely on wildlife for sustenance. Given pressures from political and societal drivers and resource limitations to enforcing bans, increased regulation is a more likely outcome rather than broad bans. But imposition of tight regulations will require monitoring and assessing trade situations for zoonotic risks. We present a tool for relevant stakeholders, including government authorities in the public health and wildlife sectors, to assess wildlife trade situations for risks of potentially serious zoonoses in order to inform policies to tightly regulate and control the trade, much of which is illegal in most countries. The tool is based on available knowledge of different wildlife taxa traded in the Asia-Pacific Region and known to carry highly virulent and transmissible viruses combined with relative risks associated with different broad categories of market types and trade chains.

AbstractAntimicrobials used in chicken farming for therapeutic and/or prophylactic purposes may result in unacceptable levels of edible residues, if withdrawal periods are not respected. To evaluate the risk in Vietnam, we validated an analytical method to detect antimicrobial residues from chicken meat samples and carried out a pilot cross-sectional study to identify optimal sampling strategies. A total of 45 raw meat samples were collected from 4 markets, 1 slaughterhouse and 4 farms (5 per site) in Northern Vietnam, between March and April 2021. Farmers were asked about antimicrobials used during sampled production cycles (5 chickens sampled per batch). Samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of 68 antimicrobials at a pre-defined validation concentration. 7 compounds were identified from 4 classes (tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones). In markets, where the source of sampled chickens was unknown, a diverse pool of residual antimicrobials was detected in 20% (4/20) of the meat samples. No residues were detected in samples from the slaughterhouse. No residues were detected in chickens from the one farm that reported using antimicrobials, whereas sulfadimethoxine, doxycycline and tilmicosin residues were identified from the other 3 farms reporting no antimicrobial use. The probability of detecting antimicrobial residues present in a flock based on sampling a single chicken was estimated at 0.93 (highest density interval 0.735–0.997). The preliminary results suggest a disparity between farmers' reports on antimicrobial drug use and actual usage, and that the analysis of a single sample per farm has a high probability of detecting antimicrobial residues, if present.