Suchergebnisse

En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de la oferta de trigo en el período 63-82, con especial atención en los efectos de la política económica dirigida al sector en la última década. En el modelo que se propone el productor pronostica el precio en base a la información sobre la situación del mercado internacional. La reseña del comportamiento del área sembrada y los rendimientos de los instrumentos de política económica refuerza la idea del aprendizaje del productor sobre los ajustes de la economía en condiciones de cuellos de botella de sector externo y en rápida respuesta a los cambios de políticas. La elasticidad precio de la oferta resulta semejante a la de otros estudios efectuados para el período 1930-65, pero la explicación del fenómeno medida por el coeficiente de determinación aumenta. ; In this paper the result of the analysis of wheat supply from 1963 to 1982 is presented. Special attention is paid to the effects of political economy that was developed specifically for the agrarian sector in the last decade. Farmer's price forecast is assumed to be made according to the available information about the international wheat market situation. Some others hypothesis are derived from acreages and wheat yields changes connected with political economy instruments. In consequence, farmers seem to learn about the periodical adjustments of the economic system and its regulations when problems in the balance of payment are frequent. Besides, a quick response to changes in political economy is noticed. Price elasticity of supply is similar in value to the results obtained in other studies for the period 1930-65. Here the explanation of acreage variation increases considering the R2 measure. ; Una versión preliminar de este trabajo se escribió para el curso de Economía y Política Agropecuaria dictado por el ingeniero Lucio Reca en el Instituto Torcuato di Tella (primer cuatrimestre de 1983). ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

In the last three decades, the supply of housing in Argentina has not kept pace with demand. This study analyzes the main drivers of Argentina's housing market and relates them to the macroeconomic environment in order to advance a policy agenda for housing policy reform. The demand for housing was calculated and tenure choice was analyzed. Structural characteristics affecting Argentina's housing market include the high concentration of the urban population in a few large metropolitan areas, the association of urban poverty with the housing deficit, and overcrowding. The mortgage market lost its appeal following the 2001-02 crisis due to widespread breaches of contract legitimized through protective legislation (still in place), insufficient long-term financing, and high inflation. The housing deficit could be eliminated in five to eight years if well-coordinated policy initiatives to develop the mortgage market and provide low-income housing were adopted under a decentralized, demand-driven, subsidized program.

This paper examines how the main characteristics of Argentina's policymaking process (PMP) affect the productivity of its economy using the conceptual framework presented in Murillo, Scartascini and Tommasi (2008), Stein et al. (2008), Spiller and Tommasi (2007), and IDB (2005). First, the paper complements existing descriptions of the PMP by considering private agents and elaborating on structural characteristics possibly conducive to policymaking instability. Second, the paper illustrates the (negative) impact of Argentina's lowquality and myopic PMP equilibrium on productivity by examining two key areas: provision of infrastructure services and agricultural policy. Finally, the paper explores the PMP at the local level of government (municipalities and local communities), finding that it mimics the flaws observed at the federal level.

Vertical transfers in Argentina have encouraged an expansion of provincial expenditures. In this paper we estimate the impact of vertical transfers on own-source sub-national revenue effort. The results suggest provinces react differently to central government transfers, depending on the nature of the transfer. Automatic transfers are consumed and, at the same time, they increase the tax bases of some provincial taxes easing higher revenues. This reaction is consistent with a permanent income shock. But discretionary transfers are seen as temporary income. Provinces use part of them to increase capital expenditures and another part to reduce own taxes. This reduction may be reversed later if the political game (or shortages of funds) force a reduction for the discretional amounts received from the Federal government. This is a particular type of the "flypaper effect". ; Departamento de Economía

This paper analyzes sub-national revenues in Argentina. Following a discussion of the recent evolution of government revenues and their vertical imbalance, the paper then analyzes the most important taxes collected by federal, provincial and local governments. Subsequently considered are the determinants of sub-national revenues and the impact of the 2001-2002 crisis. It is found that automatic transfers improve collections of the cascade sales tax and the property tax by enlarging the disposable income of the private and public sector of the provinces favored by the regional redistribution of income, while discretionary transfers reduce own-source revenue effort and encourage public investment. The paper concludes by analyzing options to improve sub-national revenue mobilization and offering specific proposals, particularly in regard to improving the cascade provincial sales tax.