Suchergebnisse

Abstract
There are ongoing debates in youth research and politics about the impact of European and national youth policies on the local level. Based on the qualitative findings collected in the framework of the European Project partispace, this paper aims at analyzing whether and to what extent current local youth policies relates to national and European policies. Attempting to answer this question, it presents some empirical findings from a study on youth policies in two European cities: Bologna and Frankfurt. Before the reconstruction of the historically grown links between the local and the national youth policies, first the structures of current youth policies are analysed. After this, the results of expert interviews, focus groups with young people from a variety of youth scenes are presented to enlighten how youth policies work in these two urban contexts. It shows that they are linked to national policies in very different constellations with very different outcomes on the level of how they are perceived and taken up by the young people.

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Typen von Studien, die im YOYO-Projekt der EU zur Untersuchung der Statuspassagen von Jugendlichen von der Schule in den Beruf bzw. des Prozesses des Erwachsenwerdens in neun EU-Ländern zum Einsatz kamen. Eine Typologie unterscheidet zwischen "weichen" und "harten" Maßnahmen der Jugendpolitik und den "harten" Zumutungen des Arbeitsmarkt bzw. Umschulungs- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen. Dieses "Kontinuum" wird mit den Zielgruppen (alle Jugendliche, frühe Schulabgänger bzw. -abbrecher, arbeitslose Jugendliche), den Zielen und Programmen, den Akteuren der Jugendpolitik, ihren Organisationsstrukturen und den Finanzierungsformen zu einer Typologie korreliert. Im Rahmen dieser theoretischen Matrix werden dann die Konzepte "Partizipation" und "informelles Lernen" operationalisiert und für die Praxis spezifiziert. (ICA). Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2001 bis 2004.

This working paper aims at structuring and comparing the case study material gathered under Work Package 3 of the European research project "Youth Policy and Participation (YOYO)". YOYO was concerned with participation and informal learning in young people's pathways into the labour market. It conducted field research in 8 European countries. The research was funded by the European Union's 5th framework programme. A case studies approach with document analysis and expert interviews was used to research support agencies for disadvantaged young people. The working paper develops a provisional typology to distinguish case study agencies according to type of measure, in terms of legal form and funding, in terms of target groups and to relate this to the fundamental perspectives of the YOYO research project: participation, (recognition of) informal learning and labour market integration. Other parts of the project were: two waves of in-depth interviews with young people and a participatory action approach with videos produced by the young participants of the study. (Author) ; Dieses Arbeitspapier versucht eine Synthese aus dem Fallstudienmaterial des europäischen Forschungsprojekts "Youth Policy and Participation (YOYO)". Gegenstand des Projekts waren Partizipation und informelles Lernen im Übergang Schule-Beruf. Das Forschungsprojekt wurde in 8 europäischen Ländern durchgeführt und vom Institut für Regionale Innovation und Sozialforschung in Tübingen koordiniert. Die Finanzierung stammte aus dem 5. Rahmenforschungsprogramm der Europäischen Union. Die Fallstudien umfassten Dokumentenanalyse und ExpertInnen-Interviews in lokalen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für benachteiligte Jugendliche in den 8 beteiligten Ländern. Das Arbeitspapier entwickelt aus dem empirischen Material heraus eine vorläufige Typologie dieser Maßnahmen anhand ihrer Zielsetzungen, Zielgruppen und ihres konzeptionellen Bezugs zu den drei wichtigsten Forschungsperspektiven von YOYO: Partizipation, informelles Lernen (und seine Anerkennung) und die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Weitere Teile des Projekts umfassten: 2 Wellen Leitfaden-Interviews mit jugendlichen TeilnehmerInnen und Videoprojekte, bei denen die jungen Frauen und Männer Videos über ihre Lebenssituation produzierten. (Autor)

"Drawing on findings from a large EU-funded research project that took place over three years, this book analyses educational trajectories of young people in eight European countries: Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. Contributors explore interactions between structural and institutional contexts of educational trajectories, the individual meaning attached to education and the strategies adopted by young people to cope with its demands. The book also analyses the decision-making processes of individual students, placing them firmly within the social contexts of their families, local schools, national education systems and welfare states, as well as transnational policy contexts. In considering educational disadvantage, the book is based on primary, cross-national research with systematic analysis of the different themes addressed. As every chapter is co-authored by two or three researchers, each based in a different country, the book goes beyond the usual country-based chapter design to provide an enriched insight into both comparative theory and research methods"--

This paper reflects on our experiences of using participatory action research (PAR) with young people as part of an EU H2020 project exploring the spaces and styles of youth participation in formal, nonformal and informal settings. The paper outlines key tenets of action research and provides a brief review of the literature concerning the use of PAR in youth research. Drawing on three case studies, we provide an honest account of some of the messy realities involved in realising the promise of participatory action research in practice. The central focus is on how the action research played out in practice, the challenges of undertaking PAR within the context of a funded project with predefined deliverables, the power relationships between researchers and young people and how agendas are negotiated in action research. We conclude with some critical reflections on lessons learnt, highlighting the importance of acknowledging the exploratory nature of PAR and the critical role of the researcher as facilitator.

Aiming at contributing to a better understanding of the current developments, paradoxes and ways to deal with youth political participation in Europe, the main research question of the PARTISPACE project is: How and where do 15- to 30 year-old young people participate differently across social milieus and youth cultural scenes and across eight European cities (framed by different national welfare, education and youth policies)? In relation to this research question, this report was intended to delineate the overall social, political, institutional and cultural framework in which the project PARTISPACE is placed and to identify the main starting points for the development of the forthcoming fieldwork. In so doing, the report has outlined the scenario of youth participation in the eight countries involved in the PARTISPACE project.

The PARTISPACE study aims at undertaking a comparative analysis of youth participation or their involvement and engagement in decisions 'which concern them and, in general, the life of their communities' (European Commission, 2001a: 8). The central research question of the project is how and where 15- and 30 year-old young people do participate differently across social milieus and youth cultural scenes and across eight European cities (framed by different national welfare, education and youth policies). What styles of participation do they prefer, develop and apply and in what spaces does participation take place? Answers to these questions could improve the understanding of the complexities and contradictions of youth participation – on the side of policy makers as well as on the side of young people – and thereby help empowering young people in participating in society, renovating also concepts, definitions and discourses on what (youth) participation is, could and should be. The eight European cities in which we conduct the study are Bologna (IT), Eskisehir (TK), Frankfurt (DE), Gothenburg (SE), Manchester (UK), Plovdiv (BG), Rennes (FR) and Zurich (CH). They do not represent but secure contrasting contexts of young people's growing up as well as differing orientations towards Europe. Although embedded in different national and local contexts, these eight cities are comparable in terms of dimension and relevance in the respective country. This ensures a sufficient provision and diversity of participatory settings without being too close to representative national government institutions and umbrella structures.