Suchergebnisse

Il presente studio prende in esame il Dittionario italiano-albanese del frate francescano Francesco Maria Da Lecce (1702). Egli è il primo cultore di lingua albanese che inaugura la stagione dei dizionari bilingui di autori italiani. Con diligenza l'Autore registra il patrimonio lessicale albanese della fine del XVII sec. La sua opera diventa un prezioso documento linguistico che, in un contesto culturale di tarde e non copiose attestazioni scritte, assume un rilievo particolare per la storia della lingua albanese. In tal senso, egli è il prosecutore della tradizione, è l'anello congiuntivo con la linguistica e la lessicografia ottocentesche. L'indagine si sofferma particolarmente sui prestiti lessicali italiani nel seicento albanese. La valutazione degli italianismi del Da Lecce porta necessariamente alla individuazione di due tipologie di voci: la prima, riguarda i lemmi già attestati nei testi antichi (Buzuku, Budi, Bardhi e Bogdani); la seconda, le voci che risultano ad oggi attestate per la prima volta proprio nel dizionario del Da Lecce. Rintracciarle nel dizionario rappresenta una novità, poiché esso è rimasto inedito fino al 2009 (non è stato possibile agli albanologi consultarlo per i loro studi pubblicati nel XIX e XX secolo). Di tutte le occorrenze riportate si ripercorre la storia, segnalando la prima attestazione e accezione, e si rintracciano puntualmente gli interventi del Da Lecce. Rispetto ai recenti studi sugli italianismi nella lingua albanese, il presente saggio segnala nuovi apporti di àmbito botanico, storico, geologico, religioso, gastronomico, militare e inoltre nomi di oggetti e di professioni e uffici. Le considerazioni finali riguardano la vitalità degli italianismi rintracciati nel dizionario.

Il presente lavoro prende in esame gli Italianismi nella lingua albanese. Le note introduttive al volume presentano un breve profilo linguistico dell'albanese, i momenti salienti della lessicografia albanese, con particolare riferimento ai dizionari bilingui che vedono l'italiano come lingua a confronto, e una rapida esposizione delle ricerche etimologiche nel campo dell'albanese, soffermandosi principalmente sugli studi sugli italianismi. Lo studio si pone l'obiettivo di aggiornare l'apporto lessicale italiano nella lingua albanese. Per questa ragione, il presente lavoro, impostato su un piano diacronico e sincronico, prende in rassegna studi principalmente etimologici, dizionari etimologici, vocabolari bilingui e monolingui, ufficiali normativi) e d'autore (non normativi), dizionari terminologici (musicali, meccanici, ecclesiastici, giuridici, economici, letterari, fisiologici, ecc.) e studi sulla terminologia della comunicazione, della stampa e della radiotelevisione, della cinematografia e della fotografia, dell'arte militare, ecc. Si fa ricorso al mezzo televisivo per lemmi usati comunemente ma non registrati nei dizionari. I riferimenti, pur circoscritti, ai quotidiani, testimoniano la vitalità dei lemmi rintracciati. La conoscenza diretta della lingua ha portato all'inserimento di voci che non hanno riferimenti bibliografici. Non mancano citazioni d'autore per dimostrare che le attestazioni nei dizionari non coincidono con la prima attestazione del lemma. Si attua il principio della concordanza fonologica, morfologica e semantica e si cerca di dare un panorama, pur sommario, delle dinamiche lessicali, rilevando la differenza tra lemma accolto e lemma vitale, poiché gli italianismi fanno stabilmente parte della contemporanea realtà linguistica albanese.

The essay is part of a research contained in the volume Lessico degli italianismi nella lingua Albanese, in press, which updates the works in this field through a systematic scrutiny of bilingual dictionaries by both Albanian authors, from Bardhi (1635) to Bashkimi (1908), and Italian authors, from Da Lecce (1702) to Cordignano (1938). The research has also taken into account monolingual dictionaries from 1954 up to the most recent ones, both normative and non normative ones (2006), in order to trace the presence of new Italianisms introduced since the democratic turn. It is important to notice that italianizëm starts being recorded in 2002. Etymological studies by Miklosich (1871) and E. Çabej (1974-2006), besides Meyer's etymological dictionary (1891), have also been referred to. The present research makes use of literary works, the first translations, some contemporary novels and newspapers in order to witness the vitality of the new entries. The research also includes specific vocabulary traced in terminological dictionaries in the field of music, mechanics, church, law, economy and cookery: altogether words which, although not fully accepted in normative dictionaries, are now part of the language use.

Il volume presenta la storia del testo del romanzo Dimri i vetmisë së madhe (1973) di Ismail Kadare. I reali eventi storici narrati sulle controversie nel blocco comunista hanno posto in primo piano l'atteggiamento del partito comunista albanese. La critica ufficiale dell'epoca ha stigmatizzato l'opera per motivi che esulano dall'àmbito letterario. Il romanzo ha avuto quattro edizioni. La seconda (1977) con il titolo Dimri i madh è dovuta soprattutto ai severi richiami della critica letteraria, che considerava l'opera non conforme al canone del realismo socialista. Il rifacimento per l'edizione dell'Opera omnia (1983) segna un'altra tappa del suo iter con un aggiornamento dei fatti politici e conseguente rivisitazione dei personaggi. L'ultima rielaborazione, affrancata dalle censure del regime, che riprende il titolo della prima edizione, è pubblicata in piena libertà, in Francia (1999), con poche aggiunte che definiscono in modo più articolato la figura del dittatore. La rassegna contrastiva di tutte le edizioni mira anche a stabilire il testo alla base della pubblicazione di Parigi. I notevoli ampliamenti, le trasposizioni, nonché le eliminazioni della seconda edizione (1977), che hanno reso più compatta la struttura e più snello lo stile del romanzo, permangono fino alla quarta redazione (1999). I numerosi e significativi interventi linguistici costituiscono un lavorìo infaticabile di adesione alla norma letteraria, di riscoperta della ricchezza polisemica dei lemmi e di sostituzione dei forestierismi e, nel contempo, una diligente ricerca di eleganza stilistica.

AbstractA systems perspective of an emergent field such as Industry 4.0 requires combining and analysing the entire multidisciplinary scholarship under one map. Recent developments in scientometric analysis allow researchers to carry out complex bibliometric analyses coupled with an unstructured ontological discovery made available through thematic and ensuing semantic analyses to gain a holistic outlook on the ecosystem of Industry 4.0. The state‐of‐the‐art review of the entire scholarship of Industry 4.0 demonstrates three broad clusters—the implications of automation on industry, the integration of technologies and technological advancements driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The scholarship output is, for the first time, compared with the leading industrial and policymaking institutional reports to highlight similarities and discrepancies. This allows to propose a previously unavailable definition of Industry 4.0, which is much needed to progress the research further. The three highly discrepant areas between academic literature and industry insights include lack of research into return on investment, lack of research involving policymaking, and the implications of technological development on the workforce, firms and countries. It is imperative to drive research into the existent, as well as the highlighted, themes in advancing the knowledge and aligning the academic scholarship with the interests of practitioners.

Because developing a new weapon system involves advanced technology pertinent to national security, the pricing of such systems primarily relies on cost estimation, as opposed to basic economic principles such as supply and demand. During the R&D period—which can take up to several years—however, the research may hit a roadblock and the various costs may change. As a consequence, such projects are often subject to substantial delays and cost overrun. This project will develop a mathematical model for the interaction among stakeholders in the defense industry, including the government and major defense contractors. The goal is to identify market mechanism to improve the efficiency of the contracting process. These mechanisms could improve the cost estimation process or contracting structure to better manage risk. ; Naval Research Program ; Prepared for: N9 Sponsor, POC: Mr. Chris Marsh

International audience ; The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families' settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants' area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated. ; La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L'objectif principal de la recherche est d'étudier l'impact de ce phénomène sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L'analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d'une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l'exode rural et s'étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d'installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d'origine de l'exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n'ayant pas migré.

International audience ; The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families' settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants' area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated. ; La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L'objectif principal de la recherche est d'étudier l'impact de ce phénomène sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L'analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d'une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l'exode rural et s'étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d'installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d'origine de l'exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n'ayant pas migré.

International audience ; The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families' settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants' area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated. ; La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L'objectif principal de la recherche est d'étudier l'impact de ce phénomène sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L'analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d'une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l'exode rural et s'étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d'installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d'origine de l'exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n'ayant pas migré.

International audience ; The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families' settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants' area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated. ; La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L'objectif principal de la recherche est d'étudier l'impact de ce phénomène sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L'analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d'une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l'exode rural et s'étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d'installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d'origine de l'exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n'ayant pas migré.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.068 ; Hybrid microgrids that use renewable energy sources can improve energy security and islanding time while reducing costs. One potential beneficiary of these systems is the U.S. military, which can seek to improve energy security when operating in isolated areas by using a microgrid rather than relying on a fragile (or nonexistent) commercial network. Renewable energy sources can be intermittent and unpredictable, making it difficult to plan operations of a microgrid. We describe a scenario-robust mixedinteger linear program designed to utilize ensemble weather forecasts to improve the performance of a hybrid microgrid containing both renewable and traditional power sources. We exercise our model to quantify the benefit of using ensemble weather forecasts, and we predict the optimal performance of a hypothetical grid containing wind turbines by using simulated realistic weather forecast scenarios based on data. Because forecast quality degrades with lead time, we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine which planning horizon results in the best performance. Our results show that, for dayahead planning, longer planning horizons outperform shorter planning horizons in terms of cost of operations, but this improvement diminishes as the planning horizon lengthens. ; Office of Naval Research

The article of record may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12667-015-0142-z ; In an effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been developed to collect CO2 from emissions generators and store it underground. Recent proposed legislation would limit the volume of emissions generated from power sources, effectively requiring some sources to participate in CCS. Both emissions sources and storage operators require incentives to enter into contracts to capture excess emissions at the source, and transport and store the CO2 underground. As the level of emissions from power plants is stochastic and carryover into future time periods is expensive, we develop a newsvendor model to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts to maximize the expected profit of the storage operator and encourage the participation of multiple emissions sources. Because the storage operator has a limit on the amount of CO2 that can be injected each month, this limit affects the allocation of the optimal contract amounts between the emitters. The distribution of emissions and relative costs of transportation also influence the optimal policy. In addition to analytical solutions, we present data-driven methods for using correlated emissions data to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts.