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Explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are widely used in civil applications and the military field for their excellent impact performance. How to give full play to the energy accumulation effect of explosives and improve the penetration performance has become the main problem of EFP design. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of liner structure on EFP formation and its penetration behavior. In order to achieve this, a finite element (FE) model was first established on the basis of the Lagrange and ALE method. Then, formation and penetration performance tests of EFP were performed to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed FE model, where the configuration, velocity of EFP, and penetration diameter left on the target plate were compared. Finally, by using the proposed FE model, the entire process of the formation and penetration behavior of EFP with axial symmetrical variable thickness liners were analyzed, where spherical-segment liners with uniform and non-uniform thickness were developed. The results were drawn as follows: the numerical simulation error of EFP velocity was less than 5%, and the simulated penetration diameter was compared to the 8.6% error obtained from the experimental method. It demonstrated that the proposed FE model had higher prediction precision. After the explosive was detonated, a forward-folding EFP was formed by the liner with a thin edge thickness, while the EFP formed by the liner with uniform thickness had a backward-folded configuration. It was also found that the liner with a thin edge thickness gave the largest steady velocity of EFP, and it was the lowest by using the liner with uniform thickness. There were two types of loads generated after the formation of an EFP, those were shock wave loading and an EFP, both causing damage in the target plate during the process of an EFP's penetration into it. The shock wave induced by liners with non-uniform thickness caused higher damage in the target plate, the maximum value of stress was reached at ...

Freight transport policies have been developed to reduce air pollution in China. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of a freight modal shift on PM2.5 concentrations using the panel data of 30 provinces in China over the period 1999&ndash ; 2016. The direct and spillover effects of a freight modal shift on PM2.5 concentrations in China, as well as the effects of other socioeconomic factors, were estimated by employing spatial dynamic panel data models. In particular, the channel through which the freight modal shift might be beneficial in reducing PM2.5 concentrations was examined. The results show that PM2.5 concentrations in China do not only decrease with a modal shift of freight from road to rail in a province, but also and to a larger extent with that in neighboring provinces. However, there exist heterogeneous effects across different regions of China. The interaction between a freight modal shift and energy efficiency may lead to a decrease in the PM2.5 concentrations, but only in the central and western regions. These findings provide suggestions for government policies directed to sustainable development.

"The book examines institutional innovation of urban regeneration in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai, three Chinese cities that have experienced sweeping changes in recent years, providing an ideal guide to the process of development and practices of urban regeneration in China. As a starting point, the book revisits relevant theoretical developments and the institutional experiences of urban regeneration in some Asian pioneer cities and regions, such as Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo and Singapore. Moving on to the Chinese mainland cities themselves, the core comparative study investigates the institutional systems, key policies, planning formulations and implementation paths in the urban regeneration process of the three cities. The author then reveals gains and losses in each city's institutional construction and reformation, as well as the underlying reasons for these. Drawing on these case studies and comparisons, the book puts forward some generic rules on the institutional innovation of urban regeneration, offering a valuable reference for other cities and regions. The book will appeal to scholars interested in urban regeneration and renewal, as well as urban planners, architects, policymakers, and urban development administrators"--

As the by-product of the one-child policy, the shidu have become a growing segment of the population. Their inherent characteristics, as well as their social relationships and means of interacting with the external environment, are issues that deserve our attention. Through compiling a virtual ethnology of the social media platform "Home of the Shidu", as well as describing interactive processes such as the shidu individuals' integration into and commiseration with the group, the collaborative defense of their rights, fragmentation within the community, and renewed legal defense efforts, the author analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of the shidu and attempts to better understand the realities of their existence and demands.

The Teacher' s Quality of Work Life(QWL)factors were identified as respect needs,survival needs,security needs and self-actualization needs separately. This paper analyze rural teacher's QWL from these five dimensionalities, and combined with methods such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, empirical research on the quality of work life of rural primary and secondary school teachers in Shanxi Province, the findings indicate that the quality of life of rural primary and secondary school teachers in Shanxi Province is in the lower-middle level, mainly manifested in imbalances of economic income and workload, leisure life, family care and things like poor teaching physical environment, limited democratic participation and management, deficiency of relevant rights and interests protection, limited chances of professional development and self-realization. In addition, it discussed the possible solutions through the analysis of the present situation. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n4p39

This study explored the moderating influence of empathy on agreeableness in interpersonal relationships among Chinese college students. Surveys and tests were conducted among a representative sample of 834 college students from four universities in Yunnan, China. Structural equation models were used to test causality and moderation. Support was found for a model that identified agreeableness and empathy as valid predictors of interpersonal relationships and empathy as a moderating influence between agreeableness and interpersonal relationships. These results suggest that the growth of interpersonal relationships for agreeable students is suppressed by higher levels of empathy. In addition, lower levels of empathy may promote the growth of interpersonal relationships for agreeable students. The results suggest that enhancing empathy is not always applicable to all groups of individuals and that training methods aimed at reducing empathy may be used to ameliorate bad interpersonal relationship in students with agreeable personality traits.

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is one of the largest religious organizations in Indonesia. The santri community that is very identical to NU has contributed to Indonesia's development. When viewed from history, Santri were actively involved in Indonesian politics. The contribution of the santri is seen in various strategic positions of the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of the santri identity in political moments. This study uses a case study method to determine the process and central dynamics of santri in political activity. Semi-structured interviews were used to determine the identity construction of two subjects who had different backgrounds, but both were NU members who were raised in the santri tradition. The results showed that the santri's attitude did not have a particular patron/command and was amoeba/spread in various positions. Santri builds a unique identity as pride and has more value than other groups. Another result shows that political activity is considered an activity in worship.

With the increasing use of computers nowadays, information security is becoming an important issue for private companies and government organizations. Various security technologies have been developed, such as authentication, authorization, and auditing. However, once a user logs on, it is assumed that the system would be controlled by the same person. To address this flaw, we developed a demonstration system that uses facial recognition technology to periodically verify the identity of the user. If the authenticated user's face disappears, the system automatically performs a log-off or screen-lock operation. This paper presents our further efforts in developing image preprocessing algorithms and dealing with angled facial images. The objective is to improve the accuracy of facial recognition under uncontrolled conditions. To compare the results with others, the frontal pose subset of the Face Recognition Technology (FERET) database was used for the test. The experiments showed that the proposed algorithms provided promising results.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) are both effective strategies for preventing HIV. There is limited information about the acceptability of these prevention measures in undeveloped areas of China. We aimed to examine the acceptability of PrEP and nPEP and their determinants among men who have sex with men (MSM). 219 MSM were recruited in Guilin, China. In total, 28.6% (95% CI: 20.0–41.0) and 35.9% (95% CI: 27.3–49.5) of the participants had heard of PrEP and nPEP, respectively, while 57.0% (95% CI: 43.1–68.2) and 58.6 (95% CI:44.8–68.8) reported they would be willing to use PrEP and nPEP after the methods were explained. A higher acceptability of PrEP was seen among participants who were previously married (aOR = 3.30; 95% CI: 1.22–9.19), working as a laborer (aOR = 5.13; 95% CI: 1.64–17.59), migrant workers/farmers (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.15–5.79), government employees (aOR = 4.76; 95%CI: 1.80–13.02), had higher social support (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.08), and had been previously tested for HIV (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.36–5.94). A higher acceptability of nPEP was associated with those having higher social support (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04–1.09), not knowing their sexual partner's HIV status (aOR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.23–6.12), and having a prior HIV test (aOR = 5.53; 95% CI: 2.58–12.51). PrEP and nPEP are acceptable, especially among MSM with higher social support and had received a previous HIV test. Effective education and different dissemination strategies to promote the acceptance of PrEP and nPEP among MSM are needed.